Alternative Pathways In Science And Industry

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Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry

Author : David J. Hess
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263149
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry by : David J. Hess

Download or read book Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry written by David J. Hess and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-03-16 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry, David Hess examines how social movements and other forms of activism affect innovation in science, technology, and industry. Synthesizing and extending work in social studies of science and technology, social movements, and globalization, Hess explores the interaction of grassroots environmental action and mainstream industry and offers a conceptual framework for understanding it. Hess proposes a theory of scientific and technological change that considers the roles that both industry and grassroots consumers play in setting the research agenda in science and technology, and he identifies "alternative pathways" by which social movements can influence scientific and technological innovation. He analyzes four of these pathways: industrial opposition movements, organized against targeted technologies (as in the campaign against nuclear energy); technology- and product-oriented movements, which press for alternatives (as does the organic food movement); localism, which promotes local ownership (as in "buy-local" campaigns); and access pathways, which support a more equitable distribution of resources. Within each pathway, Hess examines reforms in five different areas: agriculture, energy, waste and manufacturing, infrastructure, and finance. The book's theoretical argument and empirical evidence demonstrate the complex pattern of incorporation (of grassroots innovations) and transformation (of alternative ownership structures and the alternative products themselves) that has characterized the relationship of industry and activism. Hess's analysis of alternative pathways to change suggests ways economic organizations could shift to a more just and sustainable course in the twenty-first century.

Undone Science

Author : David J. Hess
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262035138
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Undone Science by : David J. Hess

Download or read book Undone Science written by David J. Hess and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Repression, ignorance, and undone science -- The epistemic dimension of the political opportunity structure -- The politics of meaning: from frames to design conflicts -- The organizational forms of counterpublic knowledge -- Institutional change, industrial transitions, and regime resistance politics -- Contemporary change: liberalization and epistemic modernization -- Conclusion

Undone Science

Author : David J. Hess
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026233643X
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Undone Science by : David J. Hess

Download or read book Undone Science written by David J. Hess and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical integration of science and technology studies and social movement studies that finds both common ground and “undone” research. As the fields of social movement studies (SMS) and science and technology studies (STS) have diversified in topical focus, they have moved closer to each other. SMS has turned toward the study of nonstate targets and institutionalized repertoires of action, just as STS has turned to expertise and publics. In Undone Science, David Hess argues that a theoretical integration of core concepts in the two fields is now possible, and he presents just such a synthesis. Hess focuses on industrial transition movements—mobilized counterpublics of activists, advocates, entrepreneurs, and other agents of change—and examines several areas of common ground between the two fields relevant to these movements. His account reveals the problem of “undone science”—areas of research potentially valuable to the goals of industrial transition movements that have been systematically ignored. Each chapter begins with a problem in SMS, discusses the relevant STS literature, describes new concepts and findings that have emerged, and offers applications to examples that range from nanotechnology and climate science denialism to conflicts based on race, class, and gender. Topics include the epistemic dimension of the political opportunity structure, networks of counterpublic knowledge, and regime resistance in industrial transition.

Objectivity & Diversity

Author : Sandra Harding
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022624153X
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity & Diversity by : Sandra Harding

Download or read book Objectivity & Diversity written by Sandra Harding and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worries about scientific objectivity seem never-ending. Social critics and philosophers of science have argued that invocations of objectivity are often little more than attempts to boost the status of a claim, while calls for value neutrality may be used to suppress otherwise valid dissenting positions. Objectivity is used sometimes to advance democratic agendas, at other times to block them; sometimes for increasing the growth of knowledge, at others to resist it. Sandra Harding is not ready to throw out objectivity quite yet. For all of its problems, she contends that objectivity is too powerful a concept simply to abandon. In Objectivity and Diversity, Harding calls for a science that is both more epistemically adequate and socially just, a science that would ask: How are the lives of the most economically and politically vulnerable groups affected by a particular piece of research? Do they have a say in whether and how the research is done? Should empirically reliable systems of indigenous knowledge count as "real science"? Ultimately, Harding argues for a shift from the ideal of a neutral, disinterested science to one that prizes fairness and responsibility.

Pragmatic Sustainability

Author : Steven A. Moore
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317301323
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Pragmatic Sustainability by : Steven A. Moore

Download or read book Pragmatic Sustainability written by Steven A. Moore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-04 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Pragmatic Sustainability proposes a pragmatic, discursive and pluralistic approach to thinking about sustainability.. Rather than suggesting a single solution to the problem of how to live sustainably, this collection discusses broader approaches to social and environmental change. Eight continuing authors and seven new ones adjust their dispositions toward rapidly changing and still unsustainable conditions, forging agreements and disagreements on five overlapping themes: the Grounds for Sustainability; the critique of Technological Culture; the need to conceive of Sustainability in Place; in Cities; finally asking how should we reimagine the fraught relationship between Civil Society, Industry and Regulation? Editor Steven A. Moore asks how a set of ideas now more than a century old remains relevant. A partial answer can be found in reconstructing the very modern ideas confronted by those who came to call themselves Pragmatists at the beginning of the twentieth century—evolution, ecology and design. Moore argues that we have yet to develop dispositions in theory and practice that critically integrate these ideas into sustainable development. In sum, this new edition provides a fresh and hopeful look at the wicked problems deliberated by almost anyone engaged in adapting to the always changing conditions of the built world.

The Public Shaping of Medical Research

Author : Peter Wehling
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317584473
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis The Public Shaping of Medical Research by : Peter Wehling

Download or read book The Public Shaping of Medical Research written by Peter Wehling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patient organizations and social health movements offer one of the most important and illuminating examples of civil society engagement and participation in scientific research and research politics. Influencing the research agenda, and initiating, funding and accelerating the development of diagnostic tools, effective therapies and appropriate health-care for their area of interest, they may champion alternative, sometimes controversial, programs or critique dominant medical paradigms. Some movements and organizations advocate for medical recognition of contested illnesses, as with fibromyalgia orADHD, while some attempt to "de-medicalize" others, such as obesity or autism. Bringing together an international selection of leading scholars and representatives from patients' organizations, this comprehensive collection explores the interaction between civil society groups and biomedical science, technology development, and research politics. It takes stock of the key findings of the research conducted in the field over the past two decades and addresses emerging problems and future challenges concerning the interrelations between health movements and patient organisations on the one hand, and biomedical research and research policies on the other hand. Combining empirical case studies with conceptual discussion, the book discusses how public participation can contribute to, as well as restrict, the democratization of scientific knowledge production. This volume is an important reference for academics and researchers with an interest in the sociology of health and illness, science and technology studies, the sociology of knowledge, medical ethics or healthcare management and research, as well as medical researchers and those involved with health-related civil society organizations.

Developing a National STEM Workforce Strategy

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030939161X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Developing a National STEM Workforce Strategy by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Developing a National STEM Workforce Strategy written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future competitiveness of the United States in an increasingly interconnected global economy depends on the nation fostering a workforce with strong capabilities and skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). STEM knowledge and skills enable both individual opportunity and national competitiveness, and the nation needs to develop ways of ensuring access to high-quality education and training experiences for all students at all levels and for all workers at all career stages. The National Science Foundation (NSF) holds a primary responsibility for overseeing the federal government's efforts to foster the creation of a STEM-capable workforce. As part of its efforts in this endeavor, NSF's Directorate on Education and Human Resources asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a workshop that would contribute to NSF's preparation of a theoretical and evidence-based STEM Workforce Development R&D Core Framework. Participants discussed research themes, identified gaps and emerging research opportunities, and recommended refinements in the goals of the framework. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Objectivity in Science

Author : Flavia Padovani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319143492
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity in Science by : Flavia Padovani

Download or read book Objectivity in Science written by Flavia Padovani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly multidisciplinary collection discusses an increasingly important topic among scholars in science and technology studies: objectivity in science. It features eleven essays on scientific objectivity from a variety of perspectives, including philosophy of science, history of science, and feminist philosophy. Topics addressed in the book include the nature and value of scientific objectivity, the history of objectivity, and objectivity in scientific journals and communities. Taken individually, the essays supply new methodological tools for theorizing what is valuable in the pursuit of objective knowledge and for investigating its history. The essays offer many starting points, while suggesting new avenues of research. Taken collectively, the essays exemplify the very virtues of objectivity that they theorize—in reading them together, the reader can sense various anxieties about the dangerously subjective in our age and locate commonalities of concern as well as differences of approach. As a result, the volume offers an expansive vision of a research community seeking a communal understanding of its own methods and its own epistemic anxieties, struggling to enunciate the key problems of knowledge of our time and offer insight into how to overcome them.

The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, fourth edition

Author : Ulrike Felt
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262035685
Total Pages : 1210 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, fourth edition by : Ulrike Felt

Download or read book The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, fourth edition written by Ulrike Felt and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 1210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of an authoritative overview, with all new chapters that capture the state of the art in a rapidly growing field. Science and Technology Studies (STS) is a flourishing interdisciplinary field that examines the transformative power of science and technology to arrange and rearrange contemporary societies. The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the field, reviewing current research and major theoretical and methodological approaches in a way that is accessible to both new and established scholars from a range of disciplines. This new edition, sponsored by the Society for Social Studies of Science, is the fourth in a series of volumes that have defined the field of STS. It features 36 chapters, each written for the fourth edition, that capture the state of the art in a rich and rapidly growing field. One especially notable development is the increasing integration of feminist, gender, and postcolonial studies into the body of STS knowledge. The book covers methods and participatory practices in STS research; mechanisms by which knowledge, people, and societies are coproduced; the design, construction, and use of material devices and infrastructures; the organization and governance of science; and STS and societal challenges including aging, agriculture, security, disasters, environmental justice, and climate change.

Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II

Author : Greg Whitesides
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108356052
Total Pages : 705 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II by : Greg Whitesides

Download or read book Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II written by Greg Whitesides and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sciences played a critical role in American foreign policy after World War II. From atomic energy and satellites to the green revolution, scientific advances were central to American diplomacy in the early Cold War, as the United States leveraged its scientific and technical pre-eminence to secure alliances and markets. The growth of applied research in the 1970s, exemplified by the biotech industry, led the United States to promote global intellectual property rights. Priorities shifted with the collapse of the Soviet Union, as attention turned to information technology and environmental sciences. Today, international relations take place within a scientific and technical framework, whether in the headlines on global warming and the war on terror or in the fine print of intellectual property rights. Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II provides the historical background necessary to understand the contemporary geopolitics of science.

Grassroots Innovation Movements

Author : Adrian Smith
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317451198
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Grassroots Innovation Movements by : Adrian Smith

Download or read book Grassroots Innovation Movements written by Adrian Smith and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation is increasingly invoked by policy elites and business leaders as vital for tackling global challenges like sustainable development. Often overlooked, however, is the fact that networks of community groups, activists, and researchers have been innovating grassroots solutions for social justice and environmental sustainability for decades. Unencumbered by disciplinary boundaries, policy silos, or institutional logics, these ‘grassroots innovation movements’ identify issues and questions neglected by formal science, technology and innovation organizations. Grassroots solutions arise in unconventional settings through unusual combinations of people, ideas and tools. This book examines six diverse grassroots innovation movements in India, South America and Europe, situating them in their particular dynamic historical contexts. Analysis explains why each movement frames innovation and development differently, resulting in a variety of strategies. The book explores the spaces where each of these movements have grown, or attempted to do so. It critically examines the pathways they have developed for grassroots innovation and the challenges and limitations confronting their approaches. With mounting pressure for social justice in an increasingly unequal world, policy makers are exploring how to foster more inclusive innovation. In this context grassroots experiences take on added significance. This book provides timely and relevant ideas, analysis and recommendations for activists, policy-makers, students and scholars interested in encounters between innovation, development and social movements.

Questioning Architectural Judgment

Author : Steven A. Moore
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135079943
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Questioning Architectural Judgment by : Steven A. Moore

Download or read book Questioning Architectural Judgment written by Steven A. Moore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book shines light on the problem of judgment, particularly in the realm of architectural "technics" and the codes that regulate it. The struggle to define "sustainability," and thus judge architecture through such lenses, is but one dimension of the contemporary problem of judgment. By providing the reader with an inherently interdisciplinary study of a particular discipline—architecture, it brings to the topic lenses that challenge the too frequently unexamined assumptions of the discipline. By situating architecture within a broader cultural field and using case studies to dissect the issues discussed, the book emphasizes that it is not simply a matter of designing better, more efficient, or more stringent codes to guide place-making, but a matter of reconstructing the boundaries of the systems to be coded. The authors are winners of the EDRA Place-Research Award 2014 for their work on the Green Alley Demonstration Project used in the book.

Good Green Jobs in a Global Economy

Author : David J. Hess
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262304988
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Good Green Jobs in a Global Economy by : David J. Hess

Download or read book Good Green Jobs in a Global Economy written by David J. Hess and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-09-21 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the politics of green jobs that foresees a potential ideological shift away from neoliberalism toward “developmentalism.” Good Green Jobs in a Global Economy is the first book to explore the broad implications of the convergence of industrial and environnmental policy in the United States. Under the banner of “green jobs,” clean energy industries and labor, environmental, and antipoverty organizations have forged “blue-green” alliances and achieved some policy victories, most notably at the state and local levels. In this book, David Hess explores the politics of green energy and green jobs, linking the prospect of a green transition to tectonic shifts in the global economy. He argues that the relative decline in U.S. economic power sets the stage for an ideological shift, away from neoliberalism and toward “developmentalism,” an ideology characterized by a more defensive posture with respect to trade and a more active industrial policy. After describing federal green energy initiatives in the first two years of the Obama administration, Hess turns his attention to the state and local levels, examining demand-side and supply-side support for green industry and local small business. He analyzes the successes and failures of green coalitions and the partisan patterns of support for green energy reform. This new piecemeal green industrial policy, Hess argues, signals a fundamental challenge to anti-interventionist beliefs about the relationship between the government and the economy.

Developmental Universities in Inclusive Innovation Systems

Author : Rodrigo Arocena
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319641522
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Developmental Universities in Inclusive Innovation Systems by : Rodrigo Arocena

Download or read book Developmental Universities in Inclusive Innovation Systems written by Rodrigo Arocena and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the current trends in the production, dissemination, and use of knowledge which contribute to social inequalities, especially in the Global South. The aim of the text is to explore the possibilities of active involvement by universities in the democratization of knowledge - a process by which people will be able to more easily acquire and utilize knowledge, as well as the results and benefits of research and development. Combining higher education, research, and knowledge utilization is what universities should be doing. When they efficiently contribute to overcoming inequality and underdevelopment, they may be considered developmental universities. They should not function in solitude with privileged elites alone, but in the context of "inclusive innovation systems."

Routledge Handbook of Science, Technology, and Society

Author : Daniel Lee Kleinman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113623716X
Total Pages : 541 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Science, Technology, and Society by : Daniel Lee Kleinman

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Science, Technology, and Society written by Daniel Lee Kleinman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade or so, the field of science and technology studies (STS) has become an intellectually dynamic interdisciplinary arena. Concepts, methods, and theoretical perspectives are being drawn both from long-established and relatively young disciplines. From its origins in philosophical and political debates about the creation and use of scientific knowledge, STS has become a wide and deep space for the consideration of the place of science and technology in the world, past and present. The Routledge Handbook of Science, Technology and Society seeks to capture the dynamism and breadth of the field by presenting work that pushes the reader to think about science and technology and their intersections with social life in new ways. The interdisciplinary contributions by international experts in this handbook are organized around six topic areas: embodiment consuming technoscience digitization environments science as work rules and standards This volume highlights a range of theoretical and empirical approaches to some of the persistent – and new – questions in the field. It will be useful for students and scholars throughout the social sciences and humanities, including in science and technology studies, history, geography, critical race studies, sociology, communications, women’s and gender studies, anthropology, and political science.

The Eugenic Mind Project

Author : Robert A. Wilson
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262542706
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Eugenic Mind Project by : Robert A. Wilson

Download or read book The Eugenic Mind Project written by Robert A. Wilson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of eugenic thinking past and present, from forced sterilization to prenatal screening, drawing on experience with those who survived eugenics. Part science and part social movement, eugenics emerged in the late nineteenth century as a tool for human improvement. In response to perceived threats of criminality, moral degeneration, feeble-mindedness, and "the rising tide of color," eugenic laws and social policies aimed to better the human race by regulating reproductive choice through science and technology. In this book, Rob Wilson examines eugenic thought and practice--from forced sterilization to prenatal screening--drawing on his experience working with eugenics survivors. Using the social sciences' standpoint theory as a framework to understand the intersection of eugenics, disability, social inclusiveness, and human variation, Wilson focuses on those who have lived through a eugenic past and those confronted by the legacy of eugenic thinking today. By doing so, he brings eugenics from the distant past to the ongoing present. Wilson discusses such topics as the conceptualization of eugenic traits; the formulation of laws regulating immigration and marriage and requiring sexual sterilization; the depiction of the targets of eugenics as "subhuman"; the systematic construction of a concept of normality; the eugenic logic in prenatal screening and contemporary bioethics; and the incorporation of eugenics and disability into standpoint theory.

The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice

Author : Ryan Holifield
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317392825
Total Pages : 670 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice by : Ryan Holifield

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice written by Ryan Holifield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice presents an extensive and cutting-edge introduction to the diverse, rapidly growing body of research on pressing issues of environmental justice and injustice. With wide-ranging discussion of current debates, controversies, and questions in the history, theory, and methods of environmental justice research, contributed by over 90 leading social scientists, natural scientists, humanists, and scholars from professional disciplines from six continents, it is an essential resource both for newcomers to this research and for experienced scholars and practitioners. The chapters of this volume examine the roots of environmental justice activism, lay out and assess key theories and approaches, and consider the many different substantive issues that have been the subject of activism, empirical research, and policy development throughout the world. The Handbook features critical reviews of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodological approaches and explicitly addresses interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, and engaged research. Instead of adopting a narrow regional focus, it tackles substantive issues and presents perspectives from political and cultural systems across the world, as well as addressing activism for environmental justice at the global scale. Its chapters do not simply review the state of the art, but also propose new conceptual frameworks and directions for research, policy, and practice. Providing detailed but accessible overviews of the complex, varied dimensions of environmental justice and injustice, the Handbook is an essential guide and reference not only for researchers engaged with environmental justice, but also for undergraduate and graduate teaching and for policymakers and activists.