Objectivity In Science

Download Objectivity In Science full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Objectivity In Science ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Objectivity in Science

Author : Flavia Padovani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319143492
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Objectivity in Science by : Flavia Padovani

Download or read book Objectivity in Science written by Flavia Padovani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly multidisciplinary collection discusses an increasingly important topic among scholars in science and technology studies: objectivity in science. It features eleven essays on scientific objectivity from a variety of perspectives, including philosophy of science, history of science, and feminist philosophy. Topics addressed in the book include the nature and value of scientific objectivity, the history of objectivity, and objectivity in scientific journals and communities. Taken individually, the essays supply new methodological tools for theorizing what is valuable in the pursuit of objective knowledge and for investigating its history. The essays offer many starting points, while suggesting new avenues of research. Taken collectively, the essays exemplify the very virtues of objectivity that they theorize—in reading them together, the reader can sense various anxieties about the dangerously subjective in our age and locate commonalities of concern as well as differences of approach. As a result, the volume offers an expansive vision of a research community seeking a communal understanding of its own methods and its own epistemic anxieties, struggling to enunciate the key problems of knowledge of our time and offer insight into how to overcome them.

Science, Values, and Objectivity

Author : Peter Machamer
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 0822970864
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Science, Values, and Objectivity by : Peter Machamer

Download or read book Science, Values, and Objectivity written by Peter Machamer and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2004 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of essays that identify the values crucial to science, distinguish some of the criteria that can be used for value identification, and elaborate the conditions for warranting certain values as necessary or central to scientific research.

Scientific Objectivity and Its Contexts

Author : Evandro Agazzi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319046608
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Scientific Objectivity and Its Contexts by : Evandro Agazzi

Download or read book Scientific Objectivity and Its Contexts written by Evandro Agazzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this book is of an epistemological nature and develops an original theory of scientific objectivity, understood in a weak sense (as intersubjective agreement among the specialists) and a strong sense (as having precise concrete referents). In both cases it relies upon the adoption of operational criteria designed within the particular perspective under which any single science considers reality. The “object” so attained has a proper ontological status, dependent on the specific character of the criteria of reference (regional ontologies). This justifies a form of scientific realism. Such perspectives are also the result of a complex cultural-historical situation. The awareness of such a “historical determinacy” of science justifies including in the philosophy of science the problems of ethics of science, relations of science with metaphysics and social dimensions of science that overstep the traditional restriction of the philosophy of science to an epistemology of science. It is to this “context” that the second part of the book is devoted.

Objectivity

Author : Lorraine Daston
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1942130619
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Objectivity by : Lorraine Daston

Download or read book Objectivity written by Lorraine Daston and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences — and show how the concept differs from alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images. From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences — from anatomy to crystallography — are those featured in scientific atlases: the compendia that teach practitioners of a discipline what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Atlas images define the working objects of the sciences of the eye: snowflakes, galaxies, skeletons, even elementary particles. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology. As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity — or truth-to-nature or trained judgment — is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to any one interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity — and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically.

Objectivity & Diversity

Author : Sandra Harding
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022624153X
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Objectivity & Diversity by : Sandra Harding

Download or read book Objectivity & Diversity written by Sandra Harding and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worries about scientific objectivity seem never-ending. Social critics and philosophers of science have argued that invocations of objectivity are often little more than attempts to boost the status of a claim, while calls for value neutrality may be used to suppress otherwise valid dissenting positions. Objectivity is used sometimes to advance democratic agendas, at other times to block them; sometimes for increasing the growth of knowledge, at others to resist it. Sandra Harding is not ready to throw out objectivity quite yet. For all of its problems, she contends that objectivity is too powerful a concept simply to abandon. In Objectivity and Diversity, Harding calls for a science that is both more epistemically adequate and socially just, a science that would ask: How are the lives of the most economically and politically vulnerable groups affected by a particular piece of research? Do they have a say in whether and how the research is done? Should empirically reliable systems of indigenous knowledge count as "real science"? Ultimately, Harding argues for a shift from the ideal of a neutral, disinterested science to one that prizes fairness and responsibility.

Objectivity in Science

Author : Stephen John
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009079441
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Objectivity in Science by : Stephen John

Download or read book Objectivity in Science written by Stephen John and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectivity is a key concept both in how we talk about science in everyday life and in the philosophy of science. This Element explores various ways in which recent philosophers of science have thought about the nature, value and achievability of objectivity. The first section explains the general trend in recent philosophy of science away from a notion of objectivity as a 'view from nowhere' to a focus on the relationship between objectivity and trust. Section 2 discusses the relationship between objectivity and recent arguments attacking the viability or desirability of 'value free' science. Section 3 outlines Longino's influential 'social' account of objectivity, suggesting some worries about drawing too strong a link between epistemic and ethical virtues. Section 4 turns to the value of objectivity, exploring concerns that notions of objectivity are politically problematic, and cautiously advocating in response a view of objectivity in terms of invariance.

Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal

Author : Heather Douglas
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 082297357X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by : Heather Douglas

Download or read book Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal written by Heather Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be “value-free.” In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence. Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

The Edge of Objectivity

Author : Charles Coulston Gillispie
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691023506
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Edge of Objectivity by : Charles Coulston Gillispie

Download or read book The Edge of Objectivity written by Charles Coulston Gillispie and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1960 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full circle -- Art, life, and experiment -- The new philosophy -- Newton with his prism and silent face -- Science and the Enlightenment -- The rationalization of matter -- The history of nature -- Biology comes of age -- Early energetics -- Field physics -- Epilogue.

The Philosophy of Science

Author : George Couvalis
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1849206929
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (492 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Science by : George Couvalis

Download or read book The Philosophy of Science written by George Couvalis and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-04-10 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive textbook provides a clear nontechnical introduction to the philosophy of science. Through asking whether science can provide us with objective knowledge of the world, the book provides a thorough and accessible guide to the key thinkers and debates that define the field. George Couvalis surveys traditional themes around theory and observation, induction, probability, falsification and rationality as well as more recent challenges to objectivity including relativistic, feminist and sociological readings. This provides a helpful framework in which to locate the key intellectual contributions to these debates, ranging from those of Mill and Hume, through Popper and Kuhn to Laudan, Bloor and Garfinkel among others.

Values and Objectivity in Science

Author : Hugh Lacey
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 9780739111413
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (114 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Values and Objectivity in Science by : Hugh Lacey

Download or read book Values and Objectivity in Science written by Hugh Lacey and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Values and Objectivity in Science illuminates many of the ethical issues that arise concerning scientific practices and applications, offering an account of how social and ethical values play important roles within science. Hugh Lacey develops and clarifies his previous analysis by arguing for the importance of research being conducted under a plurality of strategies, contrasting 'materialist strategies' with 'agro-ecological strategies.' By displaying the structure of current ethical controversies about the legitimacy of planting transgenic crops, this book illustrates that sound thinking on such issues must be grounded on an adequate philosophy of science, one that can clearly distinguish between the proper and the distorting roles of values in scientific practices. This book will prove useful for science students and practitioners as well as those interested in the growing ethical questions involved in scientific practices.

Science as Social Knowledge

Author : Helen E. Longino
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691020518
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (25 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Science as Social Knowledge by : Helen E. Longino

Download or read book Science as Social Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1990-02-21 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process. Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.

Everyday Practice of Science

Author : Frederick Grinnell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199794650
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Everyday Practice of Science by : Frederick Grinnell

Download or read book Everyday Practice of Science written by Frederick Grinnell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an overview of the scientific process for those curious about science practice in today's society, and especially for those considering making a career of science.

Objectivity, Invariance, and Convention

Author : Talal A. Debs
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674034136
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (341 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Objectivity, Invariance, and Convention by : Talal A. Debs

Download or read book Objectivity, Invariance, and Convention written by Talal A. Debs and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Publisher: "What does it mean to be lonely?" Thomas Dumm asks. His inquiry, documented in this book, takes us beyond social circumstances and into the deeper forces that shape our very existence as modern individuals. The modern individual, Dumm suggests, is fundamentally a lonely self. Through reflections on philosophy, political theory, literature, and tragic drama, he proceeds to illuminate a hidden dimension of the human condition. His book shows how loneliness shapes the contemporary division between public and private, our inability to live with each other honestly and in comity, the estranged forms that our intimate relationships assume, and the weakness of our common bonds. A reading of the relationship between Cordelia and her father in Shakespeare's King Lear points to the most basic dynamic of modern loneliness-how it is a response to the problem of the "missing mother." Dumm goes on to explore the most important dimensions of lonely experience-Being, Having, Loving, and Grieving. As the book unfolds, he juxtaposes new interpretations of iconic cultural texts-Moby-Dick, Death of a Salesman, the film Paris, Texas, Emerson's "Experience," to name a few-with his own experiences of loneliness, as a son, as a father, and as a grieving husband and widower. Written with deceptive simplicity, Loneliness as a Way of Life is something rare-an intellectual study that is passionately personal. It challenges us, not to overcome our loneliness, but to learn how to re-inhabit it in a better way. To fail to do so, this book reveals, will only intensify the power that it holds over us

Objectivity: A Very Short Introduction

Author : Stephen Gaukroger
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191642096
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Objectivity: A Very Short Introduction by : Stephen Gaukroger

Download or read book Objectivity: A Very Short Introduction written by Stephen Gaukroger and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Is objectivity possible? - Can there be objectivity in matters of morals, or tastes? - What would a truly objective account of the world be like? - Is everything subjective, or relative? - Are moral judgments objective or culturally relative? Objectivity is both an essential and elusive philosophical concept. An account is generally considered to be objective if it attempts to capture the nature of the object studied without judgement of a conscious entity or subject. Objectivity stands in contrast to subjectivity: an objective account is impartial, one which could ideally be accepted by any subject, because it does not draw on any assumptions, prejudices, or values of particular subjects. Stephen Gaukroger shows that it is far from clear that we can resolve moral or aesthetic disputes in this way and it has often been argued that such an approach is not always appropriate for disciplines that deal with human, rather than natural, phenomena. Moreover, even in those cases where we seek to be objective, it may be difficult to judge what a truly objective account would look like, and whether it is achievable. This Very Short Introduction demonstrates that there are a number of common misunderstandings about what objectivity is, and explores the theoretical and practical problems of objectivity by assessing the basic questions raised by it. As well as considering the core philosophical issues, Gaukroger also deals with the way in which particular understandings of objectivity impinge on social research, science, and art. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Trust in Numbers

Author : Theodore M. Porter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691210543
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Trust in Numbers by : Theodore M. Porter

Download or read book Trust in Numbers written by Theodore M. Porter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A foundational work on historical and social studies of quantification What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. Trust in Numbers questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. Theodore Porter argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. In a new preface, the author sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.

Sciences from Below

Author : Sandra Harding
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822381184
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Sciences from Below by : Sandra Harding

Download or read book Sciences from Below written by Sandra Harding and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Sciences from Below, the esteemed feminist science studies scholar Sandra Harding synthesizes modernity studies with progressive tendencies in science and technology studies to suggest how scientific and technological pursuits might be more productively linked to social justice projects around the world. Harding illuminates the idea of multiple modernities as well as the major contributions of post-Kuhnian Western, feminist, and postcolonial science studies. She explains how these schools of thought can help those seeking to implement progressive social projects refine their thinking to overcome limiting ideas about what modernity and modernization are, the objectivity of scientific knowledge, patriarchy, and Eurocentricity. She also reveals how ideas about gender and colonialism frame the conventional contrast between modernity and tradition. As she has done before, Harding points the way forward in Sciences from Below. Describing the work of the post-Kuhnian science studies scholars Bruno Latour, Ulrich Beck, and the team of Michael Gibbons, Helga Nowtony, and Peter Scott, Harding reveals how, from different perspectives, they provide useful resources for rethinking the modernity versus tradition binary and its effects on the production of scientific knowledge. Yet, for the most part, they do not take feminist or postcolonial critiques into account. As Harding demonstrates, feminist science studies and postcolonial science studies have vital contributions to make; they bring to light not only the male supremacist investments in the Western conception of modernity and the historical and epistemological bases of Western science but also the empirical knowledge traditions of the global South. Sciences from Below is a clear and compelling argument that modernity studies and post-Kuhnian, feminist, and postcolonial sciences studies each have something important, and necessary, to offer to those formulating socially progressive scientific research and policy.

Bachelard: Science and Objectivity

Author : Mary Tiles
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521289733
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (897 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Bachelard: Science and Objectivity by : Mary Tiles

Download or read book Bachelard: Science and Objectivity written by Mary Tiles and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984-12-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrates on Bachelard's central critique of scientific knowledge. Reveals that his concern with discontinuities in the history of science is in accord with recent debates about the nature of rationality and the "incommensurability" of different scientific theories.