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Investigating The Time Dependent And The Mechanical Behavior Of Wood Plastic Composite Lumber Made From Thermally Modified Wood In The Use Of Marine Aquacultural Structures
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Book Synopsis Investigating the Time-Dependent and the Mechanical Behavior of Wood Plastic Composite Lumber Made from Thermally Modified Wood in the Use of Marine Aquacultural Structures by : Murtada Abass A. Alrubaie
Download or read book Investigating the Time-Dependent and the Mechanical Behavior of Wood Plastic Composite Lumber Made from Thermally Modified Wood in the Use of Marine Aquacultural Structures written by Murtada Abass A. Alrubaie and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Wood Composites II by : Antonios N. Papadopoulos
Download or read book Advances in Wood Composites II written by Antonios N. Papadopoulos and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood composites have shown very good performance and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. The selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment, or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, “Advances in Wood Composites II”, presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials. Such enhancements and refinements have made wood composites a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, this Special Issue reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, as a collection of 14 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent advances in wood composites.
Book Synopsis Advances in Wood Composites by : Antonios N. Papadopoulos
Download or read book Advances in Wood Composites written by Antonios N. Papadopoulos and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, Advances in Wood Composites presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials, which have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, it reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, with a collection of 13 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent Advances in Wood Composites
Book Synopsis The Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Behavior of Structural Wood and Wood-based Composites by : Arijit Sinha
Download or read book The Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Behavior of Structural Wood and Wood-based Composites written by Arijit Sinha and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers, in practice, are often faced with the challenge of evaluating a fire-damaged structure and developing a rehabilitation and retrofit plan. In order to decide on a rehabilitation and retrofit plan, information on thermal degradation of building materials and connections are vital. A critical knowledge gap exists in terms of thermal degradation of materials and connections with respect to light-frame wood construction. Along with solid sawn lumber (SSL), various wood-based composites such as plywood, oriented strand board (OSB) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) are also used in wood-frame construction. Characterization of the thermal degradation of strength of these structural materials will help assess the service life and strength of the damaged structure. This study addressed the thermal degradation of material strength and connection strength by conducting tests on wood, wood-based composites and connections after subjecting them to elevated temperatures, hence studying the post-fire residual strength in wood and wood composite construction. The properties evaluated in this study were bending strength (MOR), bending stiffness (MOE), lateral nail capacity, dowel bearing strength, fracture toughness and bond strength (IB) after exposing the materials to elevated temperature for various exposure times. In addition, the bending strength of OSB and plywood was studied in great detail as a function of additional temperatures and exposure times. A general trend of degrading bending properties, fracture toughness, dowel bearing strength of materials and yield strength of the connections of various configurations with high temperature and duration of exposure was observed and confirmed by statistical analysis. A statistical regression based model incorporating the effects of temperature, time of exposure and thier interaction and a model based on first-order kinetics were developed and evaluated for predicting the strength loss. The kinetics-based model was better than the regression-based approach. Using the kinetics analysis along with time-temperature superposition for OSB and plywood, a master curve was generated at a reference temperature of 150°C that can be used for residual strength estimates and failure time predictions. A reasonable prediction of connection design values was made using National Design Specifications (NDS) yield models for thermally degraded materials. Conventional tests for bond strength provided excessive scatter which renders any statistical comparison highly difficult. An alternative to IB and bond classification could be fracture testing using energy methods for wood bond strength evaluation. The various analytical models developed will help for characterizing the thermal degradation of material properties. Models specified in design codes were evaluated against the thermal degradation of materials. This knowledge of thermal degradation and the models will help engineers and architects in recommending categorical improvement, rehabilitation and retrofit of structures.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251306079 Total Pages :654 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-01-06 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report indicates that climate change will significantly affect the availability and trade of fish products, especially for those countries most dependent on the sector, and calls for effective adaptation and mitigation actions encompassing food production.
Book Synopsis Mechanics of Structures and Materials XXIV by : Hong Hao
Download or read book Mechanics of Structures and Materials XXIV written by Hong Hao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 1966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges is a collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 24th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM24, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6-9 December 2016). The contributions from academics, researchers and practising engineers from Australasian, Asia-pacific region and around the world, cover a wide range of topics, including: • Structural mechanics • Computational mechanics • Reinforced and prestressed concrete structures • Steel structures • Composite structures • Civil engineering materials • Fire engineering • Coastal and offshore structures • Dynamic analysis of structures • Structural health monitoring and damage identification • Structural reliability analysis and design • Structural optimization • Fracture and damage mechanics • Soil mechanics and foundation engineering • Pavement materials and technology • Shock and impact loading • Earthquake loading • Traffic and other man-made loadings • Wave and wind loading • Thermal effects • Design codes Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Advancements and Challenges will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in Structural Engineering and Materials Science.
Book Synopsis Bamboo Fiber Composites by : Mohammad Jawaid
Download or read book Bamboo Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes many of the recent developments in the area of bamboo composites with emphasis on new challenges for the synthesis characterization, properties of bamboo composites and practical applications. The book provides an update of all the important areas of (synthesis, processing, properties and application) bamboo fibers and its composites in a comprehensive manner. The chapters contributed by leading researchers from industry, academy, government and private research institutions across the globe benefit academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in the field of natural fiber composites.
Book Synopsis Wood-Polymer Composites by : K O Niska
Download or read book Wood-Polymer Composites written by K O Niska and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are materials in which wood is impregnated with monomers that are then polymerised in the wood to tailor the material for special applications. The resulting properties of these materials, from lightness and enhanced mechanical properties to greater sustainability, has meant a growing number of applications in such areas as building, construction and automotive engineering. This important book reviews the manufacture of wood-polymer composites, how their properties can be assessed and improved and their range of uses.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials, manufacturing technologies and interactions between wood and synthetic polymers. Building on this foundation, the following group of chapters discusses mechanical and other properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance. The book concludes by looking at orientated wood-polymer composites, wood-polymer composite foams, at ways of assessing performance and at the range of current and future applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Wood-polymer composites is a valuable reference for all those using and studying these important materials. Provides a comprehensive survey of major new developments in wood-polymer composites Reviews the key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials and manufacturing technologies Discusses properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance
Book Synopsis Performance and Application of Novel Biocomposites by : Oisik Das
Download or read book Performance and Application of Novel Biocomposites written by Oisik Das and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amidst impending climate change and enhanced pollution levels around the globe, the need of the hour is to develop bio-based materials that are sustainable and possess comparable performance properties to their synthetic counterparts. In light of the aforementioned, numerous investigations are being conducted to identify, process, and create materials that are concurrently innocuous towards the environment and have superior properties. This book is a collection of such scientific articles that propagate novel ideas for the development of polymeric composite materials, which have application potential in numerous fields such as medicine, automobile, aviation, construction, etc. It also contains a pedagogical article that proposes some strategies to continue experimental research during pandemics. This book will provide readers a quick glance into recent developments regarding polymeric materials and will encourage them to propagate these research ideas further.
Book Synopsis Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting by :
Download or read book Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Applications of Advanced Fibre-reinforced Composites by : Jasper Graham-Jones
Download or read book Marine Applications of Advanced Fibre-reinforced Composites written by Jasper Graham-Jones and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The marine environment presents significant challenges for materials due to the potential for corrosion by salt water, extreme pressures when deeply submerged and high stresses arising from variable weather. Well-designed fibre-reinforced composites can perform effectively in the marine environment and are lightweight alternatives to metal components and more durable than wood. Marine Applications of Advanced Fibre-Reinforced Composites examines the technology, application and environmental considerations in choosing a fibre-reinforced composite system for use in marine structures. This book is divided into two parts. The chapters in Part One explore the manufacture, mechanical behavior and structural performance of marine composites, and also look at the testing of these composites and end of life environmental considerations. The chapters in Part Two then investigate the applications of marine composites, specifically for renewable energy devices, offshore oil and gas applications, rigging and sails. Underwater repair of marine composites is also reviewed. Comprehensively examines all aspects of fibre-reinforced marine composites, including the latest advances in design, manufacturing methods and performance Assesses the environmental impacts of using fibre-reinforced composites in marine environments, including end of life considerations Reviews advanced fibre-reinforced composites for renewable energy devices, rigging, sail textiles, sail shape optimisation and offshore oil and gas applications
Book Synopsis Submarine Cables and the Oceans by : L. Carter
Download or read book Submarine Cables and the Oceans written by L. Carter and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2009 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many things and services in our everyday life that we take for granted, and telecommunications is one of them. We surf the internet, send emails to friends and colleagues abroad, talk to family members in foreign countries over the phone, book airline seats and make banking transactions without actually realizing and appreciating the sophisticated technology that enables us to do so. This report covers the history and nature of cables, their special status in international law, their interaction with the environment and other ocean users and, finally, the challenges of the future. It is an evidence-based synopsis that aims to improve the quality and availability of information to enhance understanding and cooperation between all stakeholders. UNEP-WCMC in collaboration with the International Cable Protection Committee and UNEP has prepared this new report to provide an objective, factual description of the sub-marine cable industry and the interaction of submarine telecommunications (which route 95% of all international communications traffic) with the marine environment. This important report seeks to focus and guide deliberations and decision making on the wise conservation and protection of the oceans in concert with their sustainable management and use.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251331707 Total Pages :372 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Codex Alimentarius, “the food code”, has a fundamental role in protecting consumers all around the world and ensuring fair practices in food trade. The Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products is the essential reference point for technical guidance on the harvesting, processing, transport and sale of fish and fishery products.
Book Synopsis Aquaculture Engineering by : Odd-Ivar Lekang
Download or read book Aquaculture Engineering written by Odd-Ivar Lekang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As aquaculture continues to grow at a rapid pace, understanding the engineering behind aquatic production facilities is of increasing importance for all those working in the industry. Aquaculture engineering requires knowledge of the many general aspects of engineering such as material technology, building design and construction, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering. In this comprehensive book now in its second edition, author Odd-Ivar Lekang introduces these principles and demonstrates how such technical knowledge can be applied to aquaculture systems. Review of the first edition: 'Fish farmers and other personnel involved in the aquaculture industry, suppliers to the fish farming business and designers and manufacturers will find this book an invaluable resource. The book will be an important addition to the shelves of all libraries in universities and research institutions where aquaculture, agriculture and environmental sciences are studied and taught.' Aquaculture Europe 'A useful book that, hopefully, will inspire successors that focus more on warm water aquaculture and on large-scale mariculture such as tuna farming.' Cision
Book Synopsis Assessment of the Environmental Effects Associated with Wooden Bridges Preserved with Creosote, Pentachlorophenol, Or Chromated Copper Arsenate by : Kenneth M. Brooks
Download or read book Assessment of the Environmental Effects Associated with Wooden Bridges Preserved with Creosote, Pentachlorophenol, Or Chromated Copper Arsenate written by Kenneth M. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber bridges provide an economical alternative to concrete and steel structures, particularly in rural areas with light to moderate vehicle traffic. Wooden components of these bridges are treated with chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA), pentachlorophenol, or creosote to prolong the life of the structure from a few years to many decades. This results in reduced transportation infrastructure costs and increased public safety. However, the preservative used to treat the wooden components in timber bridges is lost to the environment in small amounts over time. This report describes the concentration of wood preservatives lost to adjacent environments and the biological response to these preservatives as environmental contaminants. Six bridges from various states were examined for risk assessment: two creosote treated bridges, two pentachlorophenol-treated bridges, and two CCA-treated bridges. In all cases, the largest bridges located in biologically active environments associated with slow-flowing water were selected to represent worst-case analyses. Sediment and water column concentrations of preservative were analyzed upstream from, under, and downstream from each bridge. The observed levels of contaminant were compared with available regulatory standards or benchmarks and with the quantitative description of the aquatic invertebrate community sampled from vegetation and sediments. Pentachlorophenol- and creosote-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were not observed in the water near any of the selected bridges. However, low levels of PAHs were observed in the sediments under and immediately downstream from these bridges. Pentachlorophenol concentrations did not approach toxicological benchmarks. Sediment concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene exceeded the probable effect level. Metal levels at the bridges treated with CCA were less than predicted effect levels, in spite of questionable construction practices. Adverse biological effects were not observed in the aquatic invertebrate community or laboratory bioassays conducted on water and sediments sampled at each of the bridges. Results of this study reveal the need to follow the construction information found in Best Management Practices for the Use of Treated Wood In Aquatic Environments published by Western Wood Preservers Institute. Regulatory benchmarks used in risk assessments of this type need to be indexed to local environmental conditions. The robust invertebrate communities associated with slow-moving streams over soft bottoms were not susceptible to the concentrations of PAHs that would be expected to affect more sensitive taxa, which typically are located in faster moving water over hard bottoms. Contaminants released from timber bridges into these faster systems (where more sensitive taxa are located) are significantly diluted and not found at biologically significant levels.
Book Synopsis Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater by : American Public Health Association
Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wood Coatings written by Franco Bulian and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood Coatings addresses the factors responsible for the performance of wood coatings in both domestic and industrial situations. The term 'wood coatings' covers a broad range of products including stains, varnishes, paints and supporting ancillary products that may be used indoors or outdoors. Techniques for coating wood go back many centuries but in recent decades there has been a move towards more environmentally-friendly materials, for example, the use of water-borne rather than solvent-borne chemicals. A major objective of Wood Coatings is to explain the underlying factors that influence selection, application and general operational issues. Basic information on the chemistry and technology of coatings is included for the benefit of students and laboratory technicians. Additionally, the book includes individual chapters of interest to architects, specifiers, and industrial users. Offers up-to-date guidance on current availability and usage of wood coatings Provides the reader with a basic understanding of both coating and substrate interactions Covers both architectural (trade and DIY) and industrial sectors
