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Fiscal Policy And The Business Cycle Associated With Exchange Rate Based Stabilizations
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Book Synopsis The Business Cycle Associated with Exchange-rate-based Stabilization by : Miguel Alberto Kiguel
Download or read book The Business Cycle Associated with Exchange-rate-based Stabilization written by Miguel Alberto Kiguel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinflation programs in chronic inflation countries do not normally follow the usual Phillips curve tradeoff in the medium run. Instead of having a sharp recession in the early stage of stabilization, there often is an initial expansion of output followed by a recession and balance of payments difficulties. This pattern is related to programs that use the exchange rate as an instrument of disinflation.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy and the Business Cycle Associated with Exchange Rate-based Stabilizations by : Ernesto Talvi
Download or read book Fiscal Policy and the Business Cycle Associated with Exchange Rate-based Stabilizations written by Ernesto Talvi and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Real Effects of Exchange-rate-based Stabilization by : Sergio Rebelo
Download or read book Real Effects of Exchange-rate-based Stabilization written by Sergio Rebelo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a unified analytical framework to assess, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the relevance of the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the real effects of exchange rate-based stabilizations. The four major hypotheses analyzed are: (i) the supply-side effects associated with an inflation decline; (ii) the perception that the exchange rate peg is temporary; (iii) the fiscal adjustments that tend to accompany the peg; and (iv) the existence of nominal rigidities in wages or prices.
Book Synopsis Exchange-Rate-Based Stabilization under Imperfect Credibility by : Mr.Guillermo Calvo
Download or read book Exchange-Rate-Based Stabilization under Imperfect Credibility written by Mr.Guillermo Calvo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-08-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes stabilization policy under predetermined exchange rates in a cash-in-advance, staggered-prices model. Under full credibility, a reduction in the rate of devaluation results in an immediate and permanent reduction in the inflation rate, with no effect on output or consumption. In contrast, a non-credible stabilization results in an initial expansion of output, followed by a later recession. The inflation rate of home goods remains above the rate of devaluation throughout the program, thus resulting in a sustained real exchange rate appreciation.
Book Synopsis NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1995 by : Ben S. Bernanke
Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1995 written by Ben S. Bernanke and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents : Wage Inequality and Regional Unemployment Persistence: U.S. vs. Europe, Guiseppe BErtola and Andreas Ichino. Capital Utilization and Returns to Scale, Craig Burnside, Martin Eichenbaum, and Sergio Rebelo. Banks and Derivatives, Gary Gorton and Richard Rosen. Exchange-Rate-Based Stabilizations: Theory and Evidence, Sergio Rebelo and Carlos Vegh. Inflation Indicators and Inflation Policy, Stephen Cecchetti. Recent Central Bank Reforms and the Role of Price Stability as the Sole Objective of Monetary Policy, Carl Walsh. Is Central Bank Independence (and Low Inflation) the Result of Effective Financial Opposition to Inflation?, Adam Posen. The Unending Quest for Monetary Salvation, Stanley Fischer.
Book Synopsis Money-based Versus Exchange Rate-based Stabilization with Endogenous Fiscal Policy by : Aaron Tornell
Download or read book Money-based Versus Exchange Rate-based Stabilization with Endogenous Fiscal Policy written by Aaron Tornell and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a standard intertemporal model in which fiscal policy is determined by an optimizing but non-benevolent fiscal authority. If the fiscal authority is impatient, a money-based stabilization provides more fiscal discipline and higher welfare for the representative agent than does an exchange rate-based stabilization. Data for Latin American stabilizations in the last quarter-century seem to confirm the notion that stabilizing by using money rather than the exchange rate helps induce politicians to reduce the fiscal deficit.
Book Synopsis Hysteresis and Business Cycles by : Ms.Valerie Cerra
Download or read book Hysteresis and Business Cycles written by Ms.Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
Book Synopsis The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity by : Richard Hemming
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity written by Richard Hemming and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.
Book Synopsis Money-based Versus Exchange Rate-based Stabilization with Endrogenous Fiscal Policy by : Aaron Tornell
Download or read book Money-based Versus Exchange Rate-based Stabilization with Endrogenous Fiscal Policy written by Aaron Tornell and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Macroeconomics written by Andrew B. Abel and published by Addison Wesley Longman. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 What Macroeconomics Is About 1.2 What Macroeconomists Do 1.3 Why Macroeconomists Disagree Chapter 2 The Measurement and Structure of the National Economy 2.1 National Income Accounting: The Measurement of Production, Income, and Expenditure 2.2 Gross Domestic Product 2.3 Saving and Wealth 2.4 Real GDP, Price Indexes, and Inflation 2.5 Interest Rates Part 2 Long-Run Economic Performance Chapter 3 Productivity, Output, and Employment 3.1 How Much Does the Economy Produce? The Production Function 3.2 The Demand for Labor 3.3 The Supply of Labor 3.4 Labor Market Equilibrium 3.5 Unemployment 3.6 Relating Output and Unemployment: Okun's Law Chapter 4 Consumption, Saving, and Investment 4.1 Consumption and Saving 4.2 Investment 4.3 Goods Market Equilibrium Chapter 5 Saving and Investment in the Open Economy 5.1 Balance of Payments Accounting 5.2 Goods Market Equilibrium in an Open Economy 5.3 Saving and Investment in a Small Open Economy 5.4 Saving and Investment in Large Open Economies 5.5 Fiscal Policy and the Current Account Chapter 6 Long-Run Economic Growth 6.1 The Sources of Economic Growth 6.2 Growth Dynamics: The Solow Model 6.3 Government Policies to Raise Long-Run Living Standards Chapter 7 The Asset Market, Money, and Prices 7.1 What Is Money? 7.2 Portfolio Allocation and the Demand for Assets 7.3 The Demand for Money 7.4 Asset Market Equilibrium 7.5 Money Growth and Inflation Part 3 Business Cycles and Macroeconomic Policy Chapter 8 Business Cycles 8.1 What Is a Business Cycle? 8.2 The American Business Cycle: The Historical Record 8.3 Business Cycle Facts 8.4 Business Cycle Analysis: A Preview Chapter 9 The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis 9.1 The FE Line: Equilibrium in the Labor Market 9.2 The IS Curve: Equilibrium in the Goods Market 9.3 The LM Curve: Asset Market Equilibrium 9.4 General Equilibrium in the Complete IS LM Model 9.5 Price Adjustment and the Attainment of General Equilibrium 9.6 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Chapter 10 Classical Business Cycle Analysis: Market-Clearing Macroeconomics 10.1 Business Cycles in the Classical Model 10.2 Money in the Classical Model 10.3 The Misperceptions Theory and the Nonneutrality of Money Chapter 11 Keynesianism: The Macroeconomics of Wage and Price Rigidity 11.1 Real-Wage Rigidity 11.2 Price Stickiness 11.3 Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the Keynesian Model 11.4 The Keynesian Theory of Business Cycles and Macroeconomic Stabilization Part 4 Macroeconomic Policy: Its Environment and Institutions Chapter 12 Unemployment and Inflation 12.1 Unemployment and Inflation: Is There a Trade-Off? 12.2 The Problem of Unemployment 12.3 The Problem of Inflation Chapter 13 Exchange Rates, Business Cycles, and Macroeconomic Policy in the Open Economy 13.1 Exchange Rates 13.2 How Exchange Rates Are Determined: A Supply-and-Demand Analysis 13.3 The IS LM Model for an Open Economy 13.4 Macroeconomic Policy in an Open Economy with Flexible Exchange Rates 13.5 Fixed Exchange Rates Chapter 14 Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve System 14.1 Principles of Money Supply Determination 14.2 Monetary Control in the United States 14.3 The Conduct of Monetary Policy: Rules Versus Discretion Chapter 15 Government Spending and Its Financing 15.1 The Government Budget: Some Facts and Figures 15.2 Government Spending, Taxes, and the Macroeconomy 15.3 Government Deficits and Debt 15.4 Deficits and Inflation Appendix A Some Useful Analytical Tools.
Book Synopsis Money-based Versus Exchange Rate-based Stabilization with Endogenous Fiscal Policy by : Aarón Tornell
Download or read book Money-based Versus Exchange Rate-based Stabilization with Endogenous Fiscal Policy written by Aarón Tornell and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth by : Guillermo E. Perry
Download or read book Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth written by Guillermo E. Perry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-10-19 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal policy in Latin America has been guided primarily by short-term liquidity targets whose observance was taken as the main exponent of fiscal prudence, with attention focused almost exclusively on the levels of public debt and the cash deficit. Very little attention was paid to the effects of fiscal policy on growth and on macroeconomic volatility over the cycle. Important issues such as the composition of public expenditures (and its effects on growth), the ability of fiscal policy to stabilize cyclical fluctuations, and the currency composition of public debt were largely neglected. As a result, fiscal policy has often amplified cyclical volatility and dampened growth. 'Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth' explores the conduct of fiscal policy in Latin America and its consequences for macroeconomic stability and long-term growth. In particular, the book highlights the procyclical and anti-investment biases embedded in the region's fiscal policies, explores their causes and macroeconomic consequences, and asesses their possible solutions.
Book Synopsis Currency Politics by : Jeffry A. Frieden
Download or read book Currency Politics written by Jeffry A. Frieden and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-28 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The politics surrounding exchange rate policies in the global economy The exchange rate is the most important price in any economy, since it affects all other prices. Exchange rates are set, either directly or indirectly, by government policy. Exchange rates are also central to the global economy, for they profoundly influence all international economic activity. Despite the critical role of exchange rate policy, there are few definitive explanations of why governments choose the currency policies they do. Filled with in-depth cases and examples, Currency Politics presents a comprehensive analysis of the politics surrounding exchange rates. Identifying the motivations for currency policy preferences on the part of industries seeking to influence politicians, Jeffry Frieden shows how each industry's characteristics—including its exposure to currency risk and the price effects of exchange rate movements—determine those preferences. Frieden evaluates the accuracy of his theoretical arguments in a variety of historical and geographical settings: he looks at the politics of the gold standard, particularly in the United States, and he examines the political economy of European monetary integration. He also analyzes the politics of Latin American currency policy over the past forty years, and focuses on the daunting currency crises that have frequently debilitated Latin American nations, including Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. With an ambitious mix of narrative and statistical investigation, Currency Politics clarifies the political and economic determinants of exchange rate policies.
Book Synopsis Curbing the Boom-bust Cycle by : John Williamson
Download or read book Curbing the Boom-bust Cycle written by John Williamson and published by Peterson Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 2005 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. Recent years have not only witnessed a big expansion in the size of capital flows to emerging markets but also a great deal of volatility in those flows. This boom-bust pattern has been a disadvantage to both lenders and borrowers. The attempts to redesign the international financial architecture have already paid a great deal of attention to reforms that the borrowers need to make in order to curb the boom-bust cycle, but far less attention has been paid to reforms that could and should be made by the lenders. This study seeks to redress the balance. It examines the different forms of capital flows and then suggests reforms that could be made, both by the lenders themselves and by the authorities that regulate them, to reduce the volatility in the flow of capital.
Book Synopsis Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle by : Jordi Galí
Download or read book Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle written by Jordi Galí and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic introduction to the New Keynesian economic model This revised second edition of Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle provides a rigorous graduate-level introduction to the New Keynesian framework and its applications to monetary policy. The New Keynesian framework is the workhorse for the analysis of monetary policy and its implications for inflation, economic fluctuations, and welfare. A backbone of the new generation of medium-scale models under development at major central banks and international policy institutions, the framework provides the theoretical underpinnings for the price stability–oriented strategies adopted by most central banks in the industrialized world. Using a canonical version of the New Keynesian model as a reference, Jordi Galí explores various issues pertaining to monetary policy's design, including optimal monetary policy and the desirability of simple policy rules. He analyzes several extensions of the baseline model, allowing for cost-push shocks, nominal wage rigidities, and open economy factors. In each case, the effects on monetary policy are addressed, with emphasis on the desirability of inflation-targeting policies. New material includes the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates and an analysis of unemployment’s significance for monetary policy. The most up-to-date introduction to the New Keynesian framework available A single benchmark model used throughout New materials and exercises included An ideal resource for graduate students, researchers, and market analysts
Book Synopsis Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies by : Jongrim Ha
Download or read book Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies written by Jongrim Ha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-24 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study in the context of EMDEs that covers, in one consistent framework, the evolution and global and domestic drivers of inflation, the role of expectations, exchange rate pass-through and policy implications. In addition, the report analyzes inflation and monetary policy related challenges in LICs. The report documents three major findings: In First, EMDE disinflation over the past four decades was to a significant degree a result of favorable external developments, pointing to the risk of rising EMDE inflation if global inflation were to increase. In particular, the decline in EMDE inflation has been supported by broad-based global disinflation amid rapid international trade and financial integration and the disruption caused by the global financial crisis. While domestic factors continue to be the main drivers of short-term movements in EMDE inflation, the role of global factors has risen by one-half between the 1970s and the 2000s. On average, global shocks, especially oil price swings and global demand shocks have accounted for more than one-quarter of domestic inflation variatio--and more in countries with stronger global linkages and greater reliance on commodity imports. In LICs, global food and energy price shocks accounted for another 12 percent of core inflation variatio--half more than in advanced economies and one-fifth more than in non-LIC EMDEs. Second, inflation expectations continue to be less well-anchored in EMDEs than in advanced economies, although a move to inflation targeting and better fiscal frameworks has helped strengthen monetary policy credibility. Lower monetary policy credibility and exchange rate flexibility have also been associated with higher pass-through of exchange rate shocks into domestic inflation in the event of global shocks, which have accounted for half of EMDE exchange rate variation. Third, in part because of poorly anchored inflation expectations, the transmission of global commodity price shocks to domestic LIC inflation (combined with unintended consequences of other government policies) can have material implications for poverty: the global food price spikes in 2010-11 tipped roughly 8 million people into poverty.
Book Synopsis Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes by : Mr.Kenneth Rogoff
Download or read book Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes written by Mr.Kenneth Rogoff and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using recent advances in the classification of exchange rate regimes, this paper finds no support for the popular bipolar view that countries will tend over time to move to the polar extremes of free float or rigid peg. Rather, intermediate regimes have shown remarkable durability. The analysis suggests that as economies mature, the value of exchange rate flexibility rises. For countries at a relatively early stage of financial development and integration, fixed or relatively rigid regimes appear to offer some anti-inflation credibility gain without compromising growth objectives. As countries develop economically and institutionally, there appear to be considerable benefits to more flexible regimes. For developed countries that are not in a currency union, relatively flexible exchange rate regimes appear to offer higher growth without any cost in credibility.
