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Fire Effects Of Bombing Attacks
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Author :United States. Department of Defense. Civil Defense Liaison Office Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :56 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (31 download)
Book Synopsis Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks by : United States. Department of Defense. Civil Defense Liaison Office
Download or read book Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Department of Defense. Civil Defense Liaison Office and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks by : United States. Office of Civil Defense
Download or read book Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks by : United States. Office of Civil Defense
Download or read book Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks by :
Download or read book Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technicalmanual by : United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration
Download or read book Technicalmanual written by United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technical Manual by : United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration
Download or read book Technical Manual written by United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks - The Firebombing and Destruction of Hamburg and Dresden in World War II by Incendiary Attack, Fire Storms, Effectiveness of Barriers, Japanese Fire Bombing by : U. S. Military
Download or read book Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks - The Firebombing and Destruction of Hamburg and Dresden in World War II by Incendiary Attack, Fire Storms, Effectiveness of Barriers, Japanese Fire Bombing written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormous effectiveness of fire as a weapon of war was demonstrated in World War II. Structural damage caused by fire accounted for 80 percent of the total damage to the cities attacked by airborne weapons. The great fire attacks on the cities of Germany and Japan were scientifically planned with emphasis placed on the susceptibility of the target and the type and quantity of munitions necessary to produce maximum damage. The lessons learned from these attacks and later from the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki should provide valuable guidance to planners in designing measures to minimize the effects of fire damage to American cities in any future war. Complete appraisal of the fire damage in German cities may never be made. The best figures for total damage due to high-explosive and incendiary bombs were compiled from aerial surveys made by the British Air Ministry. Although admittedly incomplete, records of the principal attacks on most cities were included. Of the 49 cities studied, 39 percent of the individual dwelling units (2,164,800 out of a total of 5,554,500) were seriously damaged. Both high-explosive and incendiary bombs were used in the great attacks on German targets by the U. S. Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force. The high-explosive bombs varied in size from 100 to 2,000 pounds (with heavier bombs for special targets). The incendiary bombs varied from 4 to 100 pounds (with some 500-pound bombs used on industrial installations) and were of two general types, namely: (1) Those in which the container was combustible and served as incendiary material, and (2) those in which the case was merely a container capable of placing the incendiary filling at the desired place in the target. In the principal city attacks the total load of bombs dropped consisted of an approximately equal weight of high explosives and incendiaries. High-explosive bombs deterred firefighting, disrupted communications, broke water-main networks, created road blocks, opened up buildings, broke windows, and displaced roofing. In some places they caused fires, but this was a secondary and relatively minor factor. The incendiaries started most of the fires. Bomb loads of 1,000 to 2,000 tons were dispatched over German cities in one night. A total of over 7,000 tons was dropped on Hamburg, and an even heavier bomb load was dropped on Dresden in the closing days of the war. In contrast, the heaviest single attack on an English city was 457 tons of incendiary and high-explosive bombs dropped on London on the night of April 16-17, 1941. These figures show that the German attacks on England were relatively light despite the great damage they caused. Contents: Section I * Fire Warfare in World War II * Fire Warfare on German Cities * The Pattern of German Cities * Characteristics of Fire Storms * Fire Spread * Fire Defense Operations * Casualties * Fire Warfare on Japanese Cities * The Pattern of Japanese Cities * Characteristics of Conflagrations * Fire Spread * Firebreaks * Fire Defense Operations * Casualties * Fire from the Atomic Bomb Attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan * The Pattern of the Cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki * Fires Caused by the Atomic Bomb * Fire Defense Operations * Casualties * Section II * Principal Factors Involved in the Fire Susceptibility of American Cities * Factors Having the Greatest Influence on Fire Initiation and Fire Spread * 1. Building Density * 2. Combustibility of Structures * 3. Firebreaks * 4. Size of Target Area * Contributing Factors to Fire Initiation and Fire Spread * 1. Continuity of Combustible Construction * 2. Occupancy Combustibility * 3. Size of Buildings * 4. Topography * Weather Factors * 1. Humidity * 2. Rain and Snow * 3. Wind * Conclusions * Bibliography
Book Synopsis Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-26 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.
Book Synopsis The Medical Implications of Nuclear War by : Fred Solomon
Download or read book The Medical Implications of Nuclear War written by Fred Solomon and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-01-15 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by world-renowned scientists, this volume portrays the possible direct and indirect devastation of human health from a nuclear attack. The most comprehensive work yet produced on this subject, The Medical Implications of Nuclear War includes an overview of the potential environmental and physical effects of nuclear bombardment, describes the problems of choosing who among the injured would get the scarce medical care available, addresses the nuclear arms race from a psychosocial perspective, and reviews the medical needs--in contrast to the medical resources likely to be available--after a nuclear attack. "It should serve as the definitive statement on the consequences of nuclear war."--Arms Control Today
Book Synopsis Impact of Air Attack in World War II: Summary of civil defense experience. v. 3. Causes of fire from atomic attack. v. 4. Evaluation of source material by : Stanford Research Institute
Download or read book Impact of Air Attack in World War II: Summary of civil defense experience. v. 3. Causes of fire from atomic attack. v. 4. Evaluation of source material written by Stanford Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety and Security of Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage by : National Research Council
Download or read book Safety and Security of Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-19 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Homeland Security sponsored a National Academies study to assess the safety and security risks of spent nuclear fuel stored in cooling pools and dry casks at commercial nuclear power plants. The information provided in this book examines the risks of terrorist attacks using these materials for a radiological dispersal device. Safety and Security of Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel is an unclassified public summary of a more detailed classified book. The book finds that successful terrorist attacks on spent fuel pools, though difficult, are possible. A propagating fire in a pool could release large amounts of radioactive material, but rearranging spent fuel in the pool during storage and providing emergency water spray systems would reduce the likelihood of a propagating fire even under severe damage conditions. The book suggests that additional studies are needed to better understand these risks. Although dry casks have advantages over cooling pools, pools are necessary at all operating nuclear power plants to store at least the recently discharged fuel. The book explains it would be difficult for terrorists to steal enough spent fuel to construct a significant radiological dispersal device.
Author :Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309523141 Total Pages :303 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Chemical and Biological Terrorism by : Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents
Download or read book Chemical and Biological Terrorism written by Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-26 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.
Book Synopsis Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks by : United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration
Download or read book Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks written by United States. Federal Civil Defense Administration and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Making the Nation Safer by : National Research Council
Download or read book Making the Nation Safer written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-09-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vulnerabilities abound in U.S. society. The openness and efficiency of our key infrastructures â€" transportation, information and telecommunications systems, health systems, the electric power grid, emergency response units, food and water supplies, and others â€" make them susceptible to terrorist attacks. Making the Nation Safer discusses technical approaches to mitigating these vulnerabilities. A broad range of topics are covered in this book, including: Nuclear and radiological threats, such as improvised nuclear devices and "dirty bombs;" Bioterrorism, medical research, agricultural systems and public health; Toxic chemicals and explosive materials; Information technology, such as communications systems, data management, cyber attacks, and identification and authentication systems; Energy systems, such as the electrical power grid and oil and natural gas systems; Transportation systems; Cities and fixed infrastructures, such as buildings, emergency operations centers, and tunnels; The response of people to terrorism, such as how quality of life and morale of the population can be a target of terrorists and how people respond to terrorist attacks; and Linked infrastructures, i.e. the vulnerabilities that result from the interdependencies of key systems. In each of these areas, there are recommendations on how to immediately apply existing knowledge and technology to make the nation safer and on starting research and development programs that could produce innovations that will strengthen key systems and protect us against future threats. The book also discusses issues affecting the government's ability to carry out the necessary science and engineering programs and the important role of industry, universities, and states, counties, and cities in homeland security efforts. A long term commitment to homeland security is necessary to make the nation safer, and this book lays out a roadmap of how science and engineering can assist in countering terrorism.
Author :United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District Publisher :Namaskar Book ISBN 13 : Total Pages :82 pages Book Rating :4./5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by : United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District
Download or read book The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki written by United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Manhattan District and published by Namaskar Book. This book was released on 2024-02-02 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore a pivotal moment in history and unravel the profound impact of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with "The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Unraveling the Impact of History" by the United States Army Corps of Engineers Manhattan District. Delve into the complexities of this harrowing chapter, examining its historical significance and enduring legacy. As the Manhattan District Corps of Engineers sheds light on the events that shaped the course of World War II and the subsequent nuclear age, witness the devastation wrought by these catastrophic weapons of mass destruction. Navigate through the aftermath, exploring the ethical dilemmas, geopolitical ramifications, and human toll of these unprecedented acts of warfare. But amidst the devastation and despair, a haunting question emerges: Can humanity confront the horrors of its past and forge a path towards peace and reconciliation, or are we doomed to repeat the mistakes of history? Engage with the meticulous research and firsthand accounts that illuminate the untold stories of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, capturing the resilience of the survivors and the imperative of remembrance. Join the journey of remembrance and reflection as we confront the sobering realities of war and nuclear proliferation. Are we prepared to heed the lessons of history and work towards a future free from the specter of nuclear annihilation? Immerse yourself in the depth of analysis and historical context provided by the Manhattan District Corps of Engineers, offering invaluable insights into one of the most consequential events of the 20th century. Now is the time to honor the memory of those affected by the atomic bombings and reaffirm our commitment to peace and nuclear disarmament. Let this profound exploration be a catalyst for dialogue, understanding, and collective action. Secure your copy of "The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki" today and embark on a journey of discovery, remembrance, and reconciliation. Together, let us strive to ensure that the horrors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are never forgotten and never repeated.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309499909 Total Pages :161 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Implications of the California Wildfires for Health, Communities, and Preparedness by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Implications of the California Wildfires for Health, Communities, and Preparedness written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California and other wildfire-prone western states have experienced a substantial increase in the number and intensity of wildfires in recent years. Wildlands and climate experts expect these trends to continue and quite likely to worsen in coming years. Wildfires and other disasters can be particularly devastating for vulnerable communities. Members of these communities tend to experience worse health outcomes from disasters, have fewer resources for responding and rebuilding, and receive less assistance from state, local, and federal agencies. Because burning wood releases particulate matter and other toxicants, the health effects of wildfires extend well beyond burns. In addition, deposition of toxicants in soil and water can result in chronic as well as acute exposures. On June 4-5, 2019, four different entities within the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Implications of the California Wildfires for Health, Communities, and Preparedness at the Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing at the University of California, Davis. The workshop explored the population health, environmental health, emergency preparedness, and health equity consequences of increasingly strong and numerous wildfires, particularly in California. This publication is a summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
Download or read book Pentagon 9/11 written by Alfred Goldberg and published by Office of the Secretary, Historical Offi. This book was released on 2007-09-05 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive account to date of the 9/11 attack on the Pentagon and aftermath, this volume includes unprecedented details on the impact on the Pentagon building and personnel and the scope of the rescue, recovery, and caregiving effort. It features 32 pages of photographs and more than a dozen diagrams and illustrations not previously available.
