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Emissions Of Methane And Nitrous Oxide From Natural Sources
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Book Synopsis Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide from Natural Sources by : Anderson T. Scott
Download or read book Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide from Natural Sources written by Anderson T. Scott and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) are "greenhouse gases", meaning that they trap infrared radiation (heat) from the earth's surface and increase the temperature of the earth. Without this natural "greenhouse effect", temperatures would be about 33 degrees Celsius (60 degrees Fahrenheit) lower than they are now, and life as we know it today would not be possible. During the past century, humans have substantially added to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The added gases are enhancing the natural greenhouse effect, and very likely contributing to an increase in global average temperature and related climate changes. This book summarises the latest research and provides global estimates of current and future emissions of CH4 and N2O from natural sources, including emissions from newly identified sources.
Book Synopsis Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from natural sources by :
Download or read book Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from natural sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen and Climate Change by : D. Reay
Download or read book Nitrogen and Climate Change written by D. Reay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is changing. Human population is surging towards 10 billion, food, water, climate and energy security are all at risk. Nitrogen could be our life raft in this global 'perfect storm'. Get it right and it can help to feed billions, fuel our cars and put a dent in global warming. Get it wrong and it will make things a whole lot worse.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change by : Keith Smith
Download or read book Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change written by Keith Smith and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nitrous oxide, N2O, is the third most important (in global warming terms) of the greenhouse gases, after carbon dioxide and methane. As this book describes, although it only comprises 320 parts per billion of the earth's atmosphere, it has a so-called Global Warming Potential nearly 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. N2O emissions are difficult to estimate, because they are predominantly biogenic in origin. The N2O is formed in soils and oceans throughout the world, by the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, that utilise the reactive N compounds ammonium and nitrate, respectively. These forms of nitrogen are released during the natural biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, but are also released by human activity. In fact, the quantity of these compounds entering the biosphere has virtually doubled since the beginning of the industrial age, and this increase has been matched by a corresponding increase in N2O emissions. The largest source is now agriculture, driven mainly by the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers. The other major diffuse source derives from release of NOx into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, as well as ammonia from livestock manure. Some N2O also comes directly from combustion, and from two processes in the chemical industry: the production of nitric acid, and the production of adipic acid, used in nylon manufacture. Action is being taken to curb the industrial point-source emissions of N2O, but measures to limit or reduce agricultural emissions are inherently more difficult to devise. As we enter an era in which measures are being explored to reduce fossil fuel use and/or capture or sequester the CO2 emissions from the fuel, it is likely that the relative importance of N2O in the 'Kyoto basket' of greenhouse gases will increase, because comparable mitigation measures for N2O are inherently more difficult, and because expansion of the land area devoted to crops, to feed the increasing global population and to accommodate the current development of biofuels, is likely to lead to an increase in N fertiliser use, and thus N2O emission, worldwide. The aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of scientific information on the primary sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and an assessment of likely trends in atmospheric concentrations over the next century and the potential for mitigation measures"--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation by : Saurabh Sonwani
Download or read book Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation written by Saurabh Sonwani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with a brief background on greenhouse gases sources and sinks and continues with a discussion in different sectors including forest fluxes to human health and modeling techniques to policy measures. The chapters explore in detail about the GHG emission budgets, mitigation strategies, technical advancement and input-output analysis. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) occur naturally in our atmosphere and are essential to the survival of most of the organisms on the planet earth. GHGs such as such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone etc. play a major role in balancing the radiative budget, by absorbing or emitting some of the infrared rays reflecting from the earth’s surface. But unfortunately, anthropogenic activities like use of fossil fuel, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, use of synthetic fertilizers, deforestation, and industrial processes etc. have drastically interfered in the natural air composition, by releasing excess greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This has led to the increase in the ability of the atmosphere to absorb more infrared energy. This book is a complete information set covering all aspects of GHGs, sources, sinks and control/mitigation strategies. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. The book is a valuable tool for students in Environmental Science, Ecology, Biological Science, Economics and Agriculture. It is unique to environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in climate change studies, Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s).
Book Synopsis Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions by : National Research Council
Download or read book Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.
Book Synopsis Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation by : David Ussiri
Download or read book Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation written by David Ussiri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Science by : National Research Council
Download or read book Climate Change Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-28 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The warming of the Earth has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, a new report by a committee of the National Research Council, characterizes the global warming trend over the last 100 years, and examines what may be in store for the 21st century and the extent to which warming may be attributable to human activity.
Book Synopsis 農業環境におけるメタンと亜酸化窒素(英文) by : Katsuyuki Minami
Download or read book 農業環境におけるメタンと亜酸化窒素(英文) written by Katsuyuki Minami and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short summary chapter for methane. Sources of methane in China. Methane budget from Indian paddy fields. Methane emission from Japonese and thai paddy fields. Methane Emission fron Rice Soils of the Philippines. CH, Emission from paddy fields in the United States gulf coast area. Methane production and Mitigation in Rice. Mechanisms of Methane Transport through rice plants. Methane production in ruminants. Rice paddy methane and its the atmospheric methane budget: what isotopes of carbon and hydrogen can tell us. Nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide summary. Absence of equilibrium nitrogen isotope fractionation in the global cycle of nitros oxide. N2O emissiom from industrial facilities. CH4 and N2O emission from waste disposal facilities in Japan . Effect of nitrification Inhibitors and slow-released fertilizer on imission of oxide from fertilized soils. Use of nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrous oxide emission from Urea fertilized soils. Measuring fluxes of CH4 and N2O between agricultural systems and the atmosphere.
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Sinks written by Dave Reay and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first comprehensive handbook of the earth's sinks for greenhouse gases, leading researchers from around the world provide an expert synthesis of current understanding and uncertainties. It will be a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners in conservation, ecology and environmental studies.
Book Synopsis Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations by : National Research Council
Download or read book Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309470501 Total Pages :251 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Book Synopsis Climate Change by : The Royal Society
Download or read book Climate Change written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
Book Synopsis Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming by : National Academy of Engineering
Download or read book Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 945 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.
Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming by : Richard W. McDowell
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming written by Richard W. McDowell and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the different types of grassland farming and their impact on the environment, Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming takes a broad and interdisciplinary view of the subject. The text is organized into two sections, the first addressing issues facing environmental quality, namely soil, water and air quality and socioeconomic impacts. The second section offers commentary on how the different pastoral sectors influence environmental issues. With highly tuned farm productive systems comes the risk of environmental impacts, and the purpose of this text is to highlight the areas with which these risks are associated and how best to mitigate them. While drawing attention to potential problems, chapter authors always remain conscious of the socio-economic needs of land users and the increasing world population and keep in mind that intense mitigation may be too restrictive on the farming system. This book takes an unbiased approach to improving management of grazed land and incorporates research from environmental science, agriculture, soil science and ecology.
Book Synopsis Primer on Greeenhouse Gases by : Donald J. Wuebbles
Download or read book Primer on Greeenhouse Gases written by Donald J. Wuebbles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-07-24 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primer on Greeenhouse Gases provides an excellent reference resource that brings together the most current information available on greenhouse gases. Each of the gases featured is recognized as important to the future state of global atmospheric chemistry and climate. The direct radiative importance of each gas to climate, its role as a radiative precursor, and how it functions as an intermediate constituent because of its chemical activities are provided. Knowns, unknowns, and uncertainties for each gas are described. This new book reveals information critical to developing an understanding of the role of energy and atmospheric chemical and radiative processes in determining atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
