Soil Emission Of Nitrous Oxide And Its Mitigation

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Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation

Author : David Ussiri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400753640
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation by : David Ussiri

Download or read book Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation written by David Ussiri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.

Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation

Author : David Ussiri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400798809
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation by : David Ussiri

Download or read book Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation written by David Ussiri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.

Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change

Author : Keith Smith
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136541381
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change by : Keith Smith

Download or read book Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change written by Keith Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrous oxide, N2O, is the third most important (in global warming terms) of the greenhouse gases, after carbon dioxide and methane. As this book describes, although it only comprises 320 parts per billion of the earth's atmosphere, it has a so-called Global Warming Potential nearly 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. N2O emissions are difficult to estimate, because they are predominantly biogenic in origin. The N2O is formed in soils and oceans throughout the world, by the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, that utilise the reactive N compounds ammonium and nitrate, respectively. These forms of nitrogen are released during the natural biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, but are also released by human activity. In fact, the quantity of these compounds entering the biosphere has virtually doubled since the beginning of the industrial age, and this increase has been matched by a corresponding increase in N2O emissions. The largest source is now agriculture, driven mainly by the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers. The other major diffuse source derives from release of NOx into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, as well as ammonia from livestock manure. Some N2O also comes directly from combustion, and from two processes in the chemical industry: the production of nitric acid, and the production of adipic acid, used in nylon manufacture. Action is being taken to curb the industrial point-source emissions of N2O, but measures to limit or reduce agricultural emissions are inherently more difficult to devise. As we enter an era in which measures are being explored to reduce fossil fuel use and/or capture or sequester the CO2 emissions from the fuel, it is likely that the relative importance of N2O in the 'Kyoto basket' of greenhouse gases will increase, because comparable mitigation measures for N2O are inherently more difficult, and because expansion of the land area devoted to crops, to feed the increasing global population and to accommodate the current development of biofuels, is likely to lead to an increase in N fertiliser use, and thus N2O emission, worldwide. The aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of scientific information on the primary sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and an assessment of likely trends in atmospheric concentrations over the next century and the potential for mitigation measures.

Nitrogen in Agriculture

Author : Takuji Ohyama
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839684887
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen in Agriculture by : Takuji Ohyama

Download or read book Nitrogen in Agriculture written by Takuji Ohyama and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in agricultural practice because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support crop yields. To maintain soil fertility, the application of organic matters and crop rotation have been practiced. Farmers can use convenient chemical nitrogen fertilizers to obtain high crop yields. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching, contamination in groundwater, and the emission of N2O gas. This book is divided into the following four sections: “Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture”, “Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture”, “N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops”, “Plant-Microbe Interactions”.

Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies

Author : O. van Cleemput
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401154503
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies by : O. van Cleemput

Download or read book Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies written by O. van Cleemput and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.

Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change

Author : Keith Smith
Publisher : Earthscan
ISBN 13 : 1849775117
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change by : Keith Smith

Download or read book Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change written by Keith Smith and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nitrous oxide, N2O, is the third most important (in global warming terms) of the greenhouse gases, after carbon dioxide and methane. As this book describes, although it only comprises 320 parts per billion of the earth's atmosphere, it has a so-called Global Warming Potential nearly 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. N2O emissions are difficult to estimate, because they are predominantly biogenic in origin. The N2O is formed in soils and oceans throughout the world, by the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, that utilise the reactive N compounds ammonium and nitrate, respectively. These forms of nitrogen are released during the natural biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, but are also released by human activity. In fact, the quantity of these compounds entering the biosphere has virtually doubled since the beginning of the industrial age, and this increase has been matched by a corresponding increase in N2O emissions. The largest source is now agriculture, driven mainly by the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers. The other major diffuse source derives from release of NOx into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, as well as ammonia from livestock manure. Some N2O also comes directly from combustion, and from two processes in the chemical industry: the production of nitric acid, and the production of adipic acid, used in nylon manufacture. Action is being taken to curb the industrial point-source emissions of N2O, but measures to limit or reduce agricultural emissions are inherently more difficult to devise. As we enter an era in which measures are being explored to reduce fossil fuel use and/or capture or sequester the CO2 emissions from the fuel, it is likely that the relative importance of N2O in the 'Kyoto basket' of greenhouse gases will increase, because comparable mitigation measures for N2O are inherently more difficult, and because expansion of the land area devoted to crops, to feed the increasing global population and to accommodate the current development of biofuels, is likely to lead to an increase in N fertiliser use, and thus N2O emission, worldwide. The aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of scientific information on the primary sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and an assessment of likely trends in atmospheric concentrations over the next century and the potential for mitigation measures"--Publisher's description.

Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development

Author : Dinora Vázquez-Luna
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789857430
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development by : Dinora Vázquez-Luna

Download or read book Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development written by Dinora Vázquez-Luna and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Soil Contamination and Alternatives for Sustainable Development allows the reader to obtain information about some case studies related to soil contamination, as well as provide sustainable alternatives to reduce environmental damage. The book is divided into two sections, where the first section describes anthropogenic contamination in detail and the second section discusses three alternatives for sustainable development.

Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Fields

Author : Deepanjan Majumdar
Publisher : Nova Science Pub Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9781607411833
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (118 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Fields by : Deepanjan Majumdar

Download or read book Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Fields written by Deepanjan Majumdar and published by Nova Science Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2009 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric presence of nitrous oxide (N2O) is known for many years but its concentration has increased alarmingly by 46 ppbv (17%) since 1750 and by 0.0008 ppb yr-1 during 1990-1999. Nitrous oxide is a 296 times more potent greenhouse gas than CO2 on a 100-year time scale and causes enhanced greenhouse effect, a phenomenon first discovered in 1976. Nitrous oxide emission from 1750 to 2000 has caused an atmospheric radiative forcing of 0.15 W m-2. Moreover, N2O is indirectly involved in catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone. Due to its atmospheric lifetime of about 120-150 years, atmospheric N2O burden will persist for many years even if its emission is stopped now. Various estimates differ widely on the contribution of agriculture in anthropogenic N2O emissions viz. 96%, 81%, 76%, 65% etc. Although several studies on N2O emissions from rice have been done in last two decades, no clear-cut contribution of rice or any other crop, for that matter, on atmospheric N2O loading has been worked out till date. Only less than 1% of applied N is lost through N2O from rice fields and its overall amount and radiative forcing are much lower than CH4, the major greenhouse gas emitted from rice fields. Possible sources of N for N2O emission in rice fields are fertilisers, manures and green manures, irrigation water, N fixed by floodwater algae, plant debris and as long as rice cultivation exists, N2O will be emitted. It has been suggested that N2O emission from agriculture might increase by 90% during 1986 to 2026. Monitoring of N2O from rice hasn't been done as extensively as CH4, as emission of former is low due to reduction to N2 in flooded rice fields. Since, overall amount of fertiliser N usage and acreage of rice are increasing, N2O emission might increase appreciably globally and so, monitoring of N2O emission from different rice ecosystems and estimating realistic regional and global budgets form rice ecosystems assume high significance. Efforts to predict N2O emissions through simulation of soil N pathways are underway, but it is difficult since emission from rice soil is controlled by the real-time field conditions and fluctuations in cultural practices. Whatever be the emission, it creates environmental disturbance slowly but surely. Efforts should be focused on the mitigation of N2O emission without compromising crop production, degrading the environment and creating pressure on financial resources.

Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming

Author : Richard W. McDowell
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845934113
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming by : Richard W. McDowell

Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming written by Richard W. McDowell and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the different types of grassland farming and their impact on the environment, Environmental Impacts of Pasture-based Farming takes a broad and interdisciplinary view of the subject. The text is organized into two sections, the first addressing issues facing environmental quality, namely soil, water and air quality and socioeconomic impacts. The second section offers commentary on how the different pastoral sectors influence environmental issues. With highly tuned farm productive systems comes the risk of environmental impacts, and the purpose of this text is to highlight the areas with which these risks are associated and how best to mitigate them. While drawing attention to potential problems, chapter authors always remain conscious of the socio-economic needs of land users and the increasing world population and keep in mind that intense mitigation may be too restrictive on the farming system. This book takes an unbiased approach to improving management of grazed land and incorporates research from environmental science, agriculture, soil science and ecology.

Denitrification in Soil and Sediment

Author : Niels Peter Revsbech
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475799691
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Denitrification in Soil and Sediment by : Niels Peter Revsbech

Download or read book Denitrification in Soil and Sediment written by Niels Peter Revsbech and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of atmospheric nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria may represent a significant nutrient sink in natural ecosystems. The rate of denitrification has often been difficult to measure in situ, however, and new methodologies should stimulate research on distribution of activity in space and time. The load of fertilizer nitrogen in modem agriculture has led to increasing nutrient reservoirs in recipient subsoils, aquifers, inland waters and coastal seas. By its conversion of nitrate to atmospheric nitrogen, bacterial denitrification is the only biological process to potentially reduce the impact of increasing nutrient loadings by fertilizer nitrogen in the environment. As part of a scientific program set up by the Danish Ministry of Environment to study environment cycling of nitrogen, phosphorous and organic matter (NPO program) in the light of agricultural, domestic and industrial activities, a symposium on DENITRIFICATION IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT was held at the University of Aarhus, Denmark from 6-9 June 19i\9. On the basis of lectures given at the symposium, this book contains a number of invited contributions on the regulation of denitrification activity (control of enzyme synthesis and activity) and measurement of in situ rates of denitrification in terrestrial and aquatic environments (control factors, diel and seasonal variations, etc). Emphasis has been placed on including the recent improvements in methodologies and current understanding of process regulation, however the book also contains examples of integrated research on the significance of denitrification in environmental nutrient cycling.

The effects of different mineral nitrogen fertilizer forms on N2O emissions from arable soils under aerobic conditions

Author : Jens Tierling
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736985061
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis The effects of different mineral nitrogen fertilizer forms on N2O emissions from arable soils under aerobic conditions by : Jens Tierling

Download or read book The effects of different mineral nitrogen fertilizer forms on N2O emissions from arable soils under aerobic conditions written by Jens Tierling and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intensively managed agricultural soils are a major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), mainly due to the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers which stimulate microbial processes in soils that form N2O. While oxidized N fertilizer forms can be subject to denitrification, reduced N forms must first be oxidized by nitrification to become available for denitrification. Because the contribution of these processes to N2O emissions depends on the prevailing soil conditions, the choice of the N fertilizer form has the potential to mitigate N2O emissions from fertilized soils. The present study focused on comparing amid-, ammonium- and nitrate-based mineral fertilizers with regard to nitrogen transformation dynamics and N2O production under controlled as well as field conditions. For this two distinct methodological approaches to measure N2O emissions were evaluated and deployed. Furthermore, the effects of soil pH and the alkalizing hydrolysis of urea were investigated. It was shown that especially under aerobic conditions the N fertilizer form can significantly affect N2O production in soils, and that nitrite dynamics are important especially for nitrification-derived N2O emissions. Thus, the careful consideration of the N fertilizer form can be a measure to mitigate emissions from farmland.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428902805
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :

Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Author : Xinmin Zhan
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780406304
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants by : Xinmin Zhan

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Xinmin Zhan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wide adoption of wastewater treatment processes and use of novel technologies for improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removals from wastewater have been introduced to meet stringent discharge standards. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) are one of major contributors to the increase in the global GHG emissions and therefore it is necessary to carry out intensive studies on quantification, assessment and characterization of GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants, on the life cycle assessment from GHG emission prospective, and on the GHG mitigation strategies. Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants summarizes the recent development in studies of greenhouse gas emissions (N2O, CH4 and CO2) in MWWTPs. It also summarizes the development in life cycle assessment on GHG emissions in consideration of the energy usage in MWWTPs. The strategies in mitigating GHG emissions are discussed and the book provides an overview for researchers, students, water professionals and policy makers on GHG emission and mitigation in MWWTPS and industrial wastewater treatment processes. The book is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the water, climate, and energy areas of research. It is also a useful reference source for water professionals, government policy makers, and research institutes.

Improving DNDC Modeling Capability to Quantify Mitigation Potential of Nitrous Oxide from California Agricultural Soils

Author : Changsheng Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving DNDC Modeling Capability to Quantify Mitigation Potential of Nitrous Oxide from California Agricultural Soils by : Changsheng Li

Download or read book Improving DNDC Modeling Capability to Quantify Mitigation Potential of Nitrous Oxide from California Agricultural Soils written by Changsheng Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation

Author : Saurabh Sonwani
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811644829
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation by : Saurabh Sonwani

Download or read book Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation written by Saurabh Sonwani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with a brief background on greenhouse gases sources and sinks and continues with a discussion in different sectors including forest fluxes to human health and modeling techniques to policy measures. The chapters explore in detail about the GHG emission budgets, mitigation strategies, technical advancement and input-output analysis. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) occur naturally in our atmosphere and are essential to the survival of most of the organisms on the planet earth. GHGs such as such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone etc. play a major role in balancing the radiative budget, by absorbing or emitting some of the infrared rays reflecting from the earth’s surface. But unfortunately, anthropogenic activities like use of fossil fuel, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, use of synthetic fertilizers, deforestation, and industrial processes etc. have drastically interfered in the natural air composition, by releasing excess greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This has led to the increase in the ability of the atmosphere to absorb more infrared energy. This book is a complete information set covering all aspects of GHGs, sources, sinks and control/mitigation strategies. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. The book is a valuable tool for students in Environmental Science, Ecology, Biological Science, Economics and Agriculture. It is unique to environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in climate change studies, Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s).

The Indian Nitrogen Assessment

Author : YP Abrol
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128119047
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis The Indian Nitrogen Assessment by : YP Abrol

Download or read book The Indian Nitrogen Assessment written by YP Abrol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of Reactive Nitrogen, Environmental and Climate Effects, and Management Options and Policies provides a reference for anyone interested in Reactive N, from researchers and students, to environmental managers. Although the main processes that affect the N cycle are well known, this book is focused on the causes and effects of disruption in the N cycle, specifically in India. The book helps readers gain a precise understanding of the scale of nitrogen use, misuse, and release through various agricultural, industrial, vehicular, and other activities, also including discussions on its contribution to the pollution of water and air. Drawing upon the collective work of the Indian Nitrogen Group, this reference book helps solve the challenges associated with providing reliable estimates of nitrogen transfers within different ecosystems, also presenting the next steps that should be taken in the development of balanced, cost-effective, and feasible strategies to reduce the amount of reactive nitrogen. Identifies all significant sources of reactive nitrogen flows and their contribution to the nitrogen-cycle on a national, regional, and global level Covers nitrogen management across sectors, including the environment, food security, energy, and health Provides a single reference on reactive nitrogen in India to help in a number of activities, including the evaluation, analysis, synthesis, documentation, and communications on reactive nitrogen

Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Plant-Soil Systems

Author : J.R. Freney
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401716625
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Plant-Soil Systems by : J.R. Freney

Download or read book Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Plant-Soil Systems written by J.R. Freney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing interest has been shown recently in the dymanics of nitrogen in agricultural and natural ecosystems. This has been caused by increasing demands for food and fibre by a rapidly expanding world population, and by a growing concern that increased land clearing, cultivation and use of both fertilizer and biologically fixed nitrogen can have detrimental effects on the environment. These include effects on water quality, eutrophication of surface waters and changes in atmospheric composition all caused by increased cycling of nitrogenous compounds. The input and availability of nitrogen frequently affects the productivity of farming systems more than any other single management factor, but often the nitrogen is used inefficiently. Much of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to the soil is not utilised by the crop: it is lost either in solution form, by leaching of nitrate, or in gaseous forms as ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide or dinitrogen. The leached nitrate can contaminate rivers and ground waters, while the emitted ammonia can contaminate surface waters or combine with atmospheric sulfur dioxide to form aerosols which affect visibility, health and climate. There is also concern that increased evolution of nitrous oxide will deplete the protective ozone layer of the stratosphere. The possibility of a link between the intensity of agricultural use of nitrogen, nitrous oxide emissions and amounts of stratospheric ozone has focussed attention on these interactions.