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Economia Y Politica De Los Medicamentos
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Book Synopsis Economia y politica de los medicamentos by : Jorge Enrique Vargas
Download or read book Economia y politica de los medicamentos written by Jorge Enrique Vargas and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La importancia economica y financiera del mercado de medicamentos es grande y va mas alla de la percepcion corriente de los ciudadanos y de los orientadores de las politicas financieras y de salud. En varios paises latinoamericanos, las ganancias anuales de las empresas productoras y comercializadoras de medicamentos se estiman superiores al 1/100 del Producto Interno Bruto. El aumento de las ganancias de los productores de medicamentos con la liberalizacion de los mercados en ciertos paises puede llegar a ser tan grande como el deficit del sector publico. Estas ganancias adicionales son en algunos paises mayores que los recortes realizados a los gastos en salud para conjugar los deficit sectoriales mediante la reduccion de las remuneraciones del personal. El de los medicamentos es uno de los mercados mas imperfectos que existen, por varias razones interrelacionadas: 1) Porque se desarrollan practicas comerciales que impiden la competencia. 2) Porque la oferta tiene gran capacidad de crear la demanda. 3) Porque suele existir gran desequilibrio en el poder de mercado, debido a la presencia de uno o muy pocos oferentes de un medicamento, frente a muchos compradores dispersos. En consecuencia, se trata de mercados en los cuales no se ejerce la soberania del consumidor, pues este no sabe cual es su mejor opcion.
Book Synopsis Evaluación económica de medicamentos y tecnologías sanitarias: by : Javier Soto Álvarez
Download or read book Evaluación económica de medicamentos y tecnologías sanitarias: written by Javier Soto Álvarez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate purpose of this book on economic evaluation is to be a text for consultation and inspiration to anyone who wishes to design, carry out and analyse an economic evaluation of a drug or health technology, in order to obtain valid and quality results and thus serve to make better health-related decisions in our country. Unfortunately, the resources available in our National Health System to cover all the healthcare needs of our society are ever more limited; therefore, it is absolutely necessary to prioritise the allocation of resources and to use these resources to finance the therapeutic options that are most efficacious, safe and cost-effective (that will achieve the best health results in patients with the monetary investment carried out). Economic evaluations will be instruments of invaluable help for healthcare professionals and other decision-making agents of the system when it comes to making a more efficient use of existing resources, maximising the therapeutic benefit.
Book Synopsis Medicamentos by : Ginés González García
Download or read book Medicamentos written by Ginés González García and published by Ediciones Granica S.A.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicamentos written by Félix Lobo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Política de medicamentos desde la perspectiva económica y sanitaria by : Jorge Bogo
Download or read book Política de medicamentos desde la perspectiva económica y sanitaria written by Jorge Bogo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Remedios políticos para los medicamentos by : Ginés González García
Download or read book Remedios políticos para los medicamentos written by Ginés González García and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Salud pública y patentes farmacéuticas by : Xavier Seuba Hernández
Download or read book Salud pública y patentes farmacéuticas written by Xavier Seuba Hernández and published by J. M. Bosch Editor. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Balancing Wealth and Health by : Rochelle Dreyfuss
Download or read book Balancing Wealth and Health written by Rochelle Dreyfuss and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focusses on the debates concerning aspects of intellectual property law that bear on access to medicines in a set of developing countries. Specifically, the contributors look at measures that regulate the acquisition, recognition, and use of patent rights on pharmaceuticals and trade secrets in data concerning them, along with the conditions under which these rights expire so as to permit the production of cheaper generic drugs. In addition, the book includes commentary from scholars in human rights, international institutions, and transnational activism. The case studies presented from 11 Latin American countries, have many commonalities in terms of economics, legal systems, and political histories, and yet they differ in the balance each has struck between proprietary interests and access concerns. The book documents this cross-country variation in legal norms and practice, identifies the factors that have led to differences in result, and theorizes as to how differentials among these countries occur and why they endure within a common transnational regulatory regime. The work concludes by putting the results of the investigations into a global administrative law frame and offers suggestions on institutional mechanisms for considering the trade-offs between health and wealth.
Book Synopsis Principios de Economía Política by : Carl Menger
Download or read book Principios de Economía Política written by Carl Menger and published by Bubok. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La historia de la economía política es rica en ejemplos de precursores olvidados, cuya obra no despertó ningún eco en su tiempo y que sólo fueron redescubiertos cuando sus ideas más importantes habían sido ya difundidas por otros. Es también rica en notables coincidencias de descubrimientos simultáneos y de singulares peripecias de algunos libros. Pero difícilmente se encontrará en esta historia, ni en la de ninguna otra rama del saber, el ejemplo de un autor que haya revolucionado los fundamentos de una ciencia ya bien establecida y haya conseguido por ello general reconocimiento y que, a pesar de todo, haya sido tan desconocido como Carl Menger. Apenas si existen casos paralelos al de los Principios, que tras haber ejercido un influjo firme y permanente hayan tenido?debido a causas totalmente accidentales?tan limitada difusión.
Book Synopsis Tesauro ISOC de economia/ ISOC Thesaurus of Economics by : Angel Villagrá Rubio
Download or read book Tesauro ISOC de economia/ ISOC Thesaurus of Economics written by Angel Villagrá Rubio and published by Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La tercera edición de este “Tesauro”, nacido en 1986, responde a la necesidad de actualizar su universo terminológico según los usos más implantados en la literatura económica más reciente. Tiene como notas diferenciales respecto a la anterior edición: la reestructuración del esquema organizativo general para acercarlo a la cosmovisión de la disciplina que generalmente tienen los economistas y hacerlo compatible con otros esquemas académicos; la reducción y sustitución de descriptores y la introducción de nuevos conceptos o la nueva formulación de otros ya existentes.
Book Synopsis 10 Anos de Politica Do Medicamento Em Portugal by : Pedro Pita Barros
Download or read book 10 Anos de Politica Do Medicamento Em Portugal written by Pedro Pita Barros and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2011 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Public Financing of Pharmaceuticals by : Jaume Puig-Junoy
Download or read book The Public Financing of Pharmaceuticals written by Jaume Puig-Junoy and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete approach to the economics of financing medicines and policy implications for the efficiency and equity of health systems. In all health systems with majority public financing, pharmaceutical reimbursement is one of the key factors in policies of change and transformation of health services in order to face the future with guarantees of financial sustainability. The initial chapters seek to answer questions about the efficiency with which the public sector intervenes in the pharmaceutical industry: Is the present system of drug patents efficient and fair? What would be the best way to control drug prices? Is it possible to encourage competition in this market for the patient's benefit? The remainder of the book provides evidence on the impact of instruments and policies aimed at rationalising and controlling pharmaceutical expenditure: What can we expect from the application of reference pricing systems? When, how and where should the user be made to share the cost of medicines? What economic and non-economic incentives should be applied to drug prescription? Jaume Puig-Junoy has performed an invaluable task in creating a cohesive, and analytically rigorous book of specially commissioned chapters on this pertinent topic. The Public Financing of Pharmaceuticals will appeal to academics and researchers involved in public finance, health policy, health economics, industrial organisation and the pharmaceutical markets in Europe and in the US, where there is increasing public interest in drug coverage. The book is also intended for a wide variety of professionals in the health industries and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Coalitions and Compliance by : Kenneth C. Shadlen
Download or read book Coalitions and Compliance written by Kenneth C. Shadlen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coalitions and Compliance examines how international changes can reconfigure domestic politics. Since the late 1980s, developing countries have been subject to intense pressures regarding intellectual property rights. These pressures have been exceptionally controversial in the area of pharmaceuticals. Historically, fearing the economic and social costs of providing private property rights over knowledge, developing countries did not allow drugs to be patented. Now they must do so, an obligation with significant implications for industrial development and public health. This book analyses different forms of compliance with this new imperative in Latin America, comparing the politics of pharmaceutical patenting in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Coalitions and Compliance focuses on two periods of patent politics: initial conflicts over how to introduce drug patents, and then subsequent conflicts over how these new patent systems function. In contrast to explanations of national policy choice based on external pressures, domestic institutions, or Presidents' ideological orientations, this book attributes cross-national and longitudinal variation to the ways that changing social structures constrain or enable political leaders' strategies to construct and sustain supportive coalitions. The analysis begins with assessment of the relative resources and capabilities of the transnational and national pharmaceutical sectors, and these rival actors' efforts to attract allies. Emphasis is placed on two ways that social structures are transformed so as to affect coalition-building possibilities: how exporters fearing the loss of preferential market access may be converted into allies of transnational drug firms, and differential patterns of adjustment among state and societal actors that are inspired by the introduction of new policies. It is within the changing structural conditions produced by these two processes that political leaders build coalitions in support of different forms of compliance.
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Market Access in Emerging Markets by : Güvenç Koçkaya
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Market Access in Emerging Markets written by Güvenç Koçkaya and published by SEEd. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definition of Market Access was first reported by the World Trade Organization as “to open markets for trade and improve transparency, reciprocity, and non-discrimination in international trade”. Pharmaceutical Market Access is different and it could be defined as achieving the optimal price for a product or service and/or the maximum reimbursement for the approved target population with no restrictions on funding for the medical technology. By the way, Market Access is not only the market authorization, but it also includes overlapping activities like pricing, health technology assessment, formulary, and reimbursement. Market Access is one of the most important activities for pharmaceutical companies and emerging countries represent an important opportunity for launching new products. It was reported that the Compounded Average Growth Rate (CAGR) was 6.0% in the period 2011-2017, and expected sales exceeding 1.1 trillion USD by 2017 for emerging countries. Furthermore, CAGR 2008-2012 for recently launched pharmaceuticals were 9.8% for emerging countries and 1.5% for the top 8 developed countries. The Market Access processes in the most important emerging countries in the selected regions are defined in this book with the aim to help local experts, local government officers, headquarter managements, and everyone who want to learn more about healthcare system and health policies pathways of Market Access, mapping and structure of decision makers, challenges and catalyzers for Market Access in the emerging countries.
Book Synopsis Health Innovation and Social Justice in Brazil by : Maurice Cassier
Download or read book Health Innovation and Social Justice in Brazil written by Maurice Cassier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the construction of an innovation system in Brazil’s health industries over the past twenty years. The authors argue that the system has remained active despite the crisis that began in 2014. However, while this crisis has led to cuts in public spending on research and health, it has simultaneously tended to stimulate local production and invention aimed at reducing deficits in the trade in medicines and medical technologies. The contributors highlight a model combining the acquisition of new technologies with social justice and the right to health, and introduce new concepts of the “nationalization” of technologies, innovation through copying and civil society regulation of industrial property and of the medicinal drug market.
Book Synopsis Cobertura universal de salud para el desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible by : Akiko Maeda
Download or read book Cobertura universal de salud para el desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible written by Akiko Maeda and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Las metas de la cobertura universal de salud son asegurar que todas las personas puedan tener acceso a los servicios de salud de calidad, proteger a todas las personas de los riesgos para la salud publica y del empobrecimiento debido a enfermedad, ya sea por pagos directos por atencion sanitaria 0 por perdida de ingresos cuando un miembro de la familia se enferma. Paises tan diversos como Brasil, Francia, Japan, Tailandia y Turquia han mostrado como la cobertura universal de salud puede servir como un mecanisma vital para mejorar la salud. Garantizar el acceso universal a los servicios de salud asequibles y de calidad sera una contribucion importante para acabar con la pobreza extrema para el 2030 en los paises de bajos ingresos y de ingresos medios, donde vive la mayor parte de los. mas pobres del mundo. La cobertura universal de salud para el desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible sintetiza las experiencias de Bangladesh, Brasil, Etiopia, Francia, Ghana, Indonesia, Japan, Peru, Tailandia, Turquia y Viet Nam en cuanto a la implernentacion de las politicas y estrategias para lograr y mantener la cobertura universal de salud. Estos paises representan condiciones geograticas y econ6micas diversas, pero todos se han comprometido can la cobertura universal de salud como una aspiracion nacional clave y estan acercandose a ella de maneras diferentes. En ellibro se examinan las politicas de cobertura universal de salud de cada pais alrededor de tres temas comunes: la economia politica y el proceso de forrnulacion de la polltica para adoptar, lograr y mantener la cobertura universal de salud; las politicas de financiacion sanitaria para mejorar la cobertura sanitaria; y los recursos humanos para las politicas de salud para lograr la cobertura universal de salud. Los hallazgos de estos estudios de pais tienen por objeto proporcionar enseiianzas que pueden ser utilizadas por los paises que aspiran a adoptar, tograr y mantener la cobertura universal de salud. Aunque el camino ala cobertura universal de salud es especifico para cada pais, los paises pueden beneficiarse de las experiencias de otros al conocer acerca de diferentes enfoques y evitar los riesgos previsibles.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Pharmaceutical Policy Reform by : Elize Massard da Fonseca
Download or read book The Politics of Pharmaceutical Policy Reform written by Elize Massard da Fonseca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is renowned worldwide for its remarkable reforms in pharmaceutical regulation, which have enhanced access to essential medicines while lowering drug costs. This book innovates by analysing the generic drug reform in Brazil, demonstrating that pharmaceutical regulation is only partially influenced by non-state actors. Little is known about the institutional antecedents and policy process that channeled this regulatory reform. This is particularly intriguing because a regulatory shift in the pharmaceutical sector requires the participation of a number of stakeholders and interest groups in the policy process. Fonseca examines the generic drug reform’s causes and consequences. No study has approached the generic drug regulation in Brazil from this perspective. The Politics of Pharmaceutical Policy Reform: A Study of Generic Drug Regulation in Brazil, explores the following: · The politics of pharmaceutical regulation in Brazil over the last 25 years. · The political negotiations to approve the Generic Drug Act, which involved a hard-to-reach agreement between the pharmaceutical industry (national and multinational), the Ministry of Health, and Congress · The controversial decisions to regulate packaging and pharmaceutical equivalence. · The surprising success of Brazilian pharmaceutical firms, which became market champions in a sector largely dominated by multinational firms. · Comparative lessons from the Brazilian case for the political construction of regulatory standards to regulate generic drugs and its effects on global health. This book will interest political scientists and health policy scholars concerned with the political conflicts in the pharmaceutical sector. It argues against well-established approaches to regulatory capture such as control of the regulatory process by interest groups and policy diffusion. It can be used as evidence for graduate courses in public policy, health policy and political science. Because Brazil is one of the largest markets for pharmaceuticals in the world, business leaders and consultancy firms would also be interested.
