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Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity And Stress Indices As Predictors Of Cognitive Vigilance Performance
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Book Synopsis Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Stress Indices as Predictors of Cognitive Vigilance Performance by : Lauren E. Reinerman
Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Stress Indices as Predictors of Cognitive Vigilance Performance written by Lauren E. Reinerman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vigilance or sustained attention is a critical aspect of many jobs including air-traffic control, medical screening/monitoring, and detection of illicit radioactive material at seaports and border crossings. An extensive review by Reinerman (2006) concluded that traditional approaches to personnel selection encompassing sensory acuity, aptitude, sex, age, and personality measures for tasks requiring sustained attention have been ineffective. The present study utilized the methodology from Reinerman et al. (2006), which attacked the selection issue using responses to a brief 10-min screening battery involving high workload tracking, verbal working-memory, and line discrimination tasks to predict performance on a subsequent sensory vigilance task. Two predictors of interest were cerebral blood flow velocity, measured via transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (Warm and Parasuraman, 2007) and subjective state, as indexed by the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (Matthews et al; 2002). The present vigilance task was a letter transformation working-memory task and was composed of four consecutive 9-min periods. Such cognitive vigilance tasks require different information-processing components and responses than those of sensory tasks. The aim for the present study was to generalize the findings of Reinerman et al. (2006) to that of cognitive vigilance. Multiple regression (R = .577) indicated that higher levels of CBFV in the left and right hemispheres and higher post-battery task engagement scores on the DSSQ during performance of the screening battery predicted perceptual sensitivity (A') during the final period of watch when performance deficiencies are most likely to occur. Predictions from a correlation of this magnitude, which accounts for 28.1 percent of the variance when adjusted for shrinkage, can lead to an increase in job success rate of 40 to 60 percent (Rosenthal and Rubin, 1982). These findings were interpreted theoretically in light of a resource-workload model of vigilance (Davies and Parasuraman, 1982).
Book Synopsis The Effects of Task-induced Stress on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, Cortisol, and Subjective State by : Lisa Kay Langheim
Download or read book The Effects of Task-induced Stress on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, Cortisol, and Subjective State written by Lisa Kay Langheim and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidimensional approach to the measurement of stress response assessed the effects of a high workload short task battery and vigilance task on cerebral blood flow (CBFV), cortisol, and subjective state in order to measure the mutual coherence of different indices of stress. Findings dissociated multiple stress responses. CBFV increased following the short battery but decreased following vigilance, together with the subjective factor of task engagement (Matthews et al., 1999). Important methodological implications for the monitoring of stress and fatigue during sustained attention tasks will be discussed.
Author :Aleksandra Gruszka Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9781441912107 Total Pages :494 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition by : Aleksandra Gruszka
Download or read book Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition written by Aleksandra Gruszka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As cognitive models of behavior continue to evolve, the mechanics of cognitive exceptionality, with its range of individual variations in abilities and performance, remains a challenge to psychology. Reaching beyond the standard view of exceptional cognition equaling superior intelligence, the Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition examines the latest findings from psychobiology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience, for a comprehensive state-of-the-art volume. Breaking down cognition in terms of attentional mechanisms, working memory, and higher-order processing, contributors discuss general models of cognition and personality. Chapter authors build on this foundation as they revisit current theory in such areas as processing effort and general arousal and examine emerging methods in individual differences research, including new data on the role of brain plasticity in cognitive function. The possibility of a unified theory of individual differences in cognitive ability and the extent to which these variables may account for real-world competencies are emphasized, and commentary chapters offer suggestions for further research priorities. Coverage highlights include: The relationship between cognition and temperamental traits. The development of autobiographical memory. Anxiety and attentional control. The neurophysiology of gender differences in cognitive ability. Intelligence and cognitive control. Individual differences in dual task coordination. The effects of subclinical depression on attention, memory, and reasoning. Mood as a shaper of information. Researchers, clinicians, and graduate students in psychology and cognitive sciences, including clinical psychology and neuropsychology, personality and social psychology, neuroscience, and education, will find the Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition an expert guide to the field as it currently stands and to its agenda for the future.
Book Synopsis Neuroergonomic and Stress Dynamics Associated with Spatial Uncertainty During Vigilance Task Performance by : Matthew E. Funke
Download or read book Neuroergonomic and Stress Dynamics Associated with Spatial Uncertainty During Vigilance Task Performance written by Matthew E. Funke and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroergonomics is an emerging field in human factors that studies brain functions underlying performance at work (Parasuraman, 2011; Parasuraman & Rizzo, 2007). The operational dimension featured in this study was vigilance or sustained attention which plays a major role in many automated human-machine systems. Two elements of the neuroergonomic approach, task-induced changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV, measured via transcranial Doppler sonography) and oculometrics (gaze control measured via saccadic frequency and dwell time and fatigue measured via blink frequency and duration, and eye closure) were used along with a measure of task-induced stress (the Dundee Stress State questionnaire, DSSQ, Matthews et al., 2002) to integrate the effects of a heretofore ignored psychophysical factor into the neuroergonomic and stress mosaic that underscores vigilance performance. That factor was spatial uncertainty or uncertainty as to where in the visual field critical signals for detection will occur. Observers assumed the role of an Air Force controller monitoring a squadron of four unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) flying in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction during a 50-min vigil. Critical signals for detection were cases in which one of the vehicles was flying in an inappropriate direction relative to its cohorts. In a spatial uncertainty condition, images of the UAV squadron that needed to be inspected for the presence of critical signals could appear at random in any one of five locations on the controller's display. In a spatial certainty condition, squadron images always appeared in a predetermined fixed location. Performance efficiency was found to be greater in the context of spatial certainty than uncertainty and to decline over time in both conditions. These performance effects were accompanied by a temporal decline in CBFV in the right hemisphere that was steeper in the presence of spatial uncertainty than certainty, a result consistent with the view that there is a right hemispheric system in control of vigilance (Warm, Matthews & Parasuraman, 2009). Visual scanning activity exhibited a temporal decline in saccadic frequency and an increase in fixation duration, indicative of temporally based reductions in active visual sampling, but these changes were not consistently more evident in the spatial uncertainty context. Ocular measures of fatigue were found to increase over time in both cases, and were significantly greater in the spatial uncertainty context in terms of blink frequency and the percentage of eye closure. Based on the DSSQ scores, observers found their vigilance assignment to be stressful as reflected in a loss of task engagement and an increase in distress over the course of the vigil. These effects however, did not differ in the spatial certainty/uncertainty conditions The results of this study were considered in relation to the utility of a resource model in accounting for the effects of spatial uncertainty and task duration on vigilance performance and stress, and in relation to the use of the hemodynamic, oculomotor, and DSSQ stress measures to determine when operators may be in need of rest or replacement and to predict operator performance efficiency.
Book Synopsis Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vigilance Performance by :
Download or read book Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vigilance Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five studies are described using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine brain systems in vigilance. The results indicate that the vigilance decrement, the temporal decline that typifies vigilance performance, is paralleled by a decline in cerebral blood flow velocity as indexed by TCD. In addition, both measures showed greater activity in the right than in the left cerebral hemisphere in response to a variety of psychophysical challenges, indicating a right hemispheric system in control of vigilance performance. The TCD measure was also found to be potentially useful in selecting observers for vigilance assignments.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diagnostic Methods for Predicting Performance Impairment Associated with Combat Stress by :
Download or read book Diagnostic Methods for Predicting Performance Impairment Associated with Combat Stress written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the third year of research on the diagnostic utility of psychophysiological indict that may predict the current and future functional efficiency of the soldier. The research focuses especially on the measurement of cerebral bloodflow velocity (CBFV) using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) together with additional indices including salivary cortisol and subjective state. Two studies at the University of Cincinnati demonstrated that CBFV declines during cognitive vigilance and during simulated driving extending prior results from sensory vigilance tasks. In addition phasBloodflow responses to a short task battery predicted cognitive vigilance. Predictive validity was increased by including subjective state measures in a multivariate model. Research at Georgia State University employing simulated military tasks representing sentry duty peacekeeping operations and tactical decision making. These studies confirmed that CBFV correlates with various performance indices indicating that the technique may have diagnostic utility not just for vigilance but also military decision-making. Attentional skills and eye movement indices were also found to have diagnostic utility. The report concludes with a summary of the main findings from the three years of research and recommendations for future studies to translate the research into applied techniques for diagnostic monitoring and prediction in military environments.
Book Synopsis Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics by : Kay M. Stanney
Download or read book Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics written by Kay M. Stanney and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-11 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores cognitive ergonomics, which is concerned with mental processes—otherwise known as brain work. It discusses perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. Topics will include mental workload, decision-making, skilled performance, human-computer interaction, human reliability, work stress and training as these relate to human-system design.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2012- 14 Volume Set by : Gavriel Salvendy
Download or read book Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2012- 14 Volume Set written by Gavriel Salvendy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 8218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from an international group of authors with diverse backgrounds, this set comprises all fourteen volumes of the proceedings of the 4th AHFE Conference 21-25 July 2012. The set presents the latest research on current issues in Human Factors and Ergonomics. It draws from an international panel that examines cross-cultural differences, design issues, usability, road and rail transportation, aviation, modeling and simulation, and healthcare.
Book Synopsis Performance Under Stress by : Dr James L Szalma
Download or read book Performance Under Stress written by Dr James L Szalma and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is a dangerous place and recent events have served to make it less safe. There are many arenas of conflict and even combat across the world. Such situations are the quintessential expression of stress; you stand in imminent danger and live with the knowledge that you may be attacked, injured or even killed at any moment. How do people perform under these conditions? How do they keep a heightened level of vigilance when nothing may happen in their immediate location for weeks or even months? What happens when the bullets actually start flying? How is it you distinguish friend from foe, and each from innocent bystanders when in immediate peril of your life? Can we design technology to help people make good decisions in these ultimately hazardous situations? To what degree does your membership in a team act to dissipate these particular effects? Can we generate sufficiently stressful field exercises to simulate these conditions and can we train and/or select those most able to withstand such adverse conditions? How will the next generation of servicemen deal with these inherent problems? These are the sorts of questions that Performance Under Stress addresses. This book is derived largely from a multiple-year, multiple university initiative (MURI) on stress and soldier performance on the modern, electronic battlefield. It involved leading researchers from many institutions who have brought their individual expertise to bear on these crucial, contemporary concerns. United by a common research framework, these groups attacked the issue from different methodological and conceptual approaches, ranging from traditional laboratory modeling and experimentation, to realistic simulations; from involved field exercises to personal experiences of actual combat conditions. The insights generated have been distilled and presented as a benchmark of current understanding and provide future directions for research in this arena. Although this work focuses on soldier stress and soldier performance, the principles that are derived extend well beyond this single application. Their findings can be applied to people facing the demands of the business world or research as much as to those who meet life or death situations, such as homeland security, first responders, and law enforcement personnel.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Metabolic Status by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Monitoring Metabolic Status written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-08-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. military's concerns about the individual combat service member's ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological "readiness" of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering by : John D. Lee
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering written by John D. Lee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first to provide comprehensive coverage of original state-of-the-science research, analysis, and design of integrated, human-technology systems.
Download or read book Stress Resilience written by Alon Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress Resilience: Molecular and Behavioral Aspects presents the first reference available on the full-breadth of cutting-edge research being carried out in this field. It includes a wide range of basic molecular knowledge on the potential associations between resilience phenomenon and biochemical balance, but also focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying stress resilience. World-renowned experts provide chapters that cover everything from the neural circuits of resilience, the effects of early-life adversity, and the transgenerational inheritance of resilience. This unique and timely book will be a go-to resource for neuroscientists and biological psychiatrists who want to improve their understanding of the consequences of stress and on how some people are able to avoid it. Approaches resilience as a process rather than as a static trait Provides basic molecular knowledge on the potential associations between resilience phenomenon and biochemical balance Presents thorough coverage of both the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to resilience
Book Synopsis Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies by : National Research Council
Download or read book Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Cognitive Neuroscience and Related Technologies, from the National Research Council, identifies and explores several specific research areas that have implications for U.S. national security, and should therefore be monitored consistently by the intelligence community. These areas include: neurophysiological advances in detecting and measuring indicators of psychological states and intentions of individuals the development of drugs or technologies that can alter human physical or cognitive abilities advances in real-time brain imaging breakthroughs in high-performance computing and neuronal modeling that could allow researchers to develop systems which mimic functions of the human brain, particularly the ability to organize disparate forms of data. As these fields continue to grow, it will be imperative that the intelligence community be able to identify scientific advances relevant to national security when they occur. To do so will require adequate funding, intelligence analysts with advanced training in science and technology, and increased collaboration with the scientific community, particularly academia. A key tool for the intelligence community, this book will also be a useful resource for the health industry, the military, and others with a vested interest in technologies such as brain imaging and cognitive or physical enhancers.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering, Medicine, and Psychology by : Donald L. Fisher
Download or read book Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering, Medicine, and Psychology written by Donald L. Fisher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-04-25 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective use of driving simulators requires considerable technical and methodological skill along with considerable background knowledge. Acquiring the requisite knowledge and skills can be extraordinarily time consuming, yet there has been no single convenient and comprehensive source of information on the driving simulation research being conduc
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Vigilance by : David Roy Davies
Download or read book The Psychology of Vigilance written by David Roy Davies and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
