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What Is Real And What Is Not In The Global Fdi Network
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Book Synopsis What Is Real and What Is Not in the Global FDI Network? by : Jannick Damgaard
Download or read book What Is Real and What Is Not in the Global FDI Network? written by Jannick Damgaard and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-11 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macro statistics on foreign direct investment (FDI) are blurred by offshore centers with enormous inward and outward investment positions. This paper uses several new data sources, both macro and micro, to estimate the global FDI network while disentangling real investment and phantom investment and allocating real investment to ultimate investor economies. We find that phantom investment into corporate shells with no substance and no real links to the local economy may account for almost 40 percent of global FDI. Ignoring phantom investment and allocating real investment to ultimate investors increases the explanatory power of standard gravity variables by around 25 percent.
Book Synopsis The Global FDI Network: Searching for Ultimate Investors by : Jannick Damgaard
Download or read book The Global FDI Network: Searching for Ultimate Investors written by Jannick Damgaard and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses three types of geographical decoupling in foreign direct investment (FDI), i.e., challenges when using traditional FDI data as a proxy for real economic integration between economies: (i) large bilateral asymmetries between inward and outward FDI, (ii) the role of special purpose entities (SPEs), and (iii) the effect of moving from immediate counterpart to ultimate investing economy (UIE). A unique global FDI network is estimated, where SPEs are removed and FDI positions are broken down by the UIE. Total inward FDI in the new network is reduced by one-third, and financial centers are less dominant.
Book Synopsis Regional Blocks and Imperial Legacies by : Daniel Haberly
Download or read book Regional Blocks and Imperial Legacies written by Daniel Haberly and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While FDI is generally assumed to represent long-term investments within the “real” economy, approximately 30-50% of global FDI is accounted for by networks of offshore shell companies created by corporations and wealthy individuals for tax and other purposes. To date, there has been limited systematic research on the global structure of these networks. Here we address this gap by employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to decompose the global bilateral FDI anomaly matrix into its primary constituent sub-networks. We find that the global offshore FDI network is highly globalized, with a centralized “Network Core” of offshore jurisdictions in Northwest Europe and the Caribbean exercising a largely homogeneous influence over economies worldwide. To the extent that the network is internally differentiated, this appears to primarily reflect a historical layering of social and political relationships. We identify four primary offshore FDI sub-networks, bearing the imprint of four key processes and events: European, particularly UK colonialism, the post-WWII hegemonic alliance between the US and Western Europe, the fall of Soviet communism, and the rise of Chinese capitalism.
Book Synopsis Deglobalization, Financial Inequality, and the Green Economy by : Fikret Čaušević
Download or read book Deglobalization, Financial Inequality, and the Green Economy written by Fikret Čaušević and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most challenging issues for the current state of global economy is a highly uneven distribution of global financial assets and liabilities. Drawing on extensive data, this book analyses the new global divisions in economic and financial inequality across the globe in the first two decades of this century. After outlining the context of the global financial system in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis of 2008/2009, this book provides a detailed examination of the data on economic and financial inequality, analysing growth rates relative to financial liabilities and assets for all countries where data is available. The central issues in understanding the financial and environmental efficiency of economic growth are also addressed as well as the development of financial and regulatory technologies (FinTech and RegTech). The final part of this book explores the changes in economic growth and financial assets/liabilities as a result of major events in the past three years: Covid Crisis, the rise of inflation and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The focal point of this analysis is the relationship between the speed of economic growth, the use of financial resources for funding that growth and levels of inequality. The green transition, as one of the most important challenges in the global economy, is an integral part of this analysis, along with the inequality in available financial resources for this transition and potential threats to global financial stability. This book will be vital reading for those interested in inequality, financial economics, the global financial system and economic growth.
Book Synopsis Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean Progress Report by : OECD
Download or read book Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean Progress Report written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional Integration in the Union for the Mediterranean: Progress Report monitors major trends and evolutions of integration in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The Report examines five domains of regional integration, namely trade integration, financial integration, infrastructure integration, movement of people, as well as research and higher education.
Book Synopsis Measuring Multinational Production with Foreign Direct Investment Statistics: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Developments by : Bruno Casella
Download or read book Measuring Multinational Production with Foreign Direct Investment Statistics: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Developments written by Bruno Casella and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-06-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a complex global production landscape, the quest for measures of economic activity by multinational enterprises (MNEs) has become more pressing. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics, which capture financing aspects of MNEs, have often been used as a proxy for multinational production given their wide availability and cross-country comparability, but concerns that multinational production occurs in different countries than where financial positions are recorded call this practice into question. This paper revisits the main objections to the use of FDI as a proxy for multinational production, explores counterarguments, and provides guidance on the use of FDI statistics to measure multinational production.
Book Synopsis Big Data Analysis on Global Community Formation and Isolation by : Yuichi Ikeda
Download or read book Big Data Analysis on Global Community Formation and Isolation written by Yuichi Ikeda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-12 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors analyze big data on global interdependence caused by the flows of commodities, money, and people, using a network science approach to obtain differing views of globalization and to clarify the facts on isolation of communities. Globalization reduces international economic inequality, i.e., it allows emerging countries to catch up while it increases relative poverty in some advanced countries. How should this trade-off between international and domestic inequalities be resolved? At the same time, the reduction of biocultural diversity caused by globalization needs to be avoided. What kind of change is required in local communities to conserve biocultural diversity? On the issue of commodity flow, research results of the supply-chain network, isolation in industry, and resource flows and stocks are presented in this book. For monetary flow, ownership networks, value-added networks, and profit shifting were studied; and regarding the flow of people, linkage of ethnic groups, immigrant assimilation, and refugees were examined. Based on the resulting view of globalization and isolation, the development of the isolation index using machine learning is discussed. Finally, recommendations for evidence-based policymaking in the United Nations are considered.
Book Synopsis OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Economic Impact Assessment Inclusive Framework on BEPS by : OECD
Download or read book OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Economic Impact Assessment Inclusive Framework on BEPS written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May 2019, the Inclusive Framework adopted a Programme of Work, which was endorsed by the G20 Finance Ministers and G20 Leaders in June 2019. The Programme of Work outlined proposals in two pillars that could form the basis for a multilateral consensus-based solution. This report presents an ex ante analysis of the economic and tax revenue implications of the Pillar One and Pillar Two proposals under discussion by the Inclusive Framework as part of its work to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy.
Book Synopsis Asymmetries in the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey: What Lies Behind? by : Emma Angulo
Download or read book Asymmetries in the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey: What Lies Behind? written by Emma Angulo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes asymmetries in direct investment positions reported in the Coordinated Direct Investment Survey (CDIS) following a top down approach. First, it examines asymmetries at global level; second, it examines asymmetries between CDIS reported and derived data for individual economies; and third, the paper analyzes data at bilateral economy level. Then, the paper explores seven main reasons for asymmetries, including those arising even when economies follow international standards. Finally, the paper includes a section on addressing bilateral asymmetries and concludes with specific planned actions to reduce asymmetries, including initiatives led by international organizations.
Download or read book Workaway written by Jonathon W. Moses and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2023-06 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drive to create a common market in Europe has proceeded without much thought given to the particular needs of workers. This book examines the process of market integration in Europe to show how it has undermined the power and influence of European workers, and results in a market that generates significant human costs. Starting from the position of labour, this book offers an alternative approach to labour market integration in Europe which tries to balance the needs of justice and efficiency, to the benefit of workers.
Book Synopsis The World of International Financial Centres by : Peter Yeoh
Download or read book The World of International Financial Centres written by Peter Yeoh and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence continues to accumulate indicating that tax havens (as they are familiarly called) account for a staggering multi-trillion-dollar loss of tax revenues worldwide. Yet, as this crucially important book shows, such offshore financial centres (OFCs) represent merely the ‘low-hanging fruit’ of a massive malaise reaching into every corner of today’s global financial services landscape with the so-called New York-London axis at its root. In a biting critique and analysis of the tax and regulatory environments from which OFCs operate, the author demonstrates that OFC-like features exist in almost every jurisdiction as a virtually inevitable outcome of the transformation of economies worldwide over the past three decades, as nations and economic blocs compete for foreign investments, and as nations seek expansion of markets to accelerate growth. Covered aspects of this phenomenon include the following: the financialization process in global transactions; erosion of credibility in political establishments with regard to their ability to govern from the centre; ultralight regulatory enclaves found in parts of developed countries; public pressure demanding enhanced international cooperation and global tax reforms, now increasingly led by the US Biden administration, and increasingly likely to reach consensus among G7 economies; and momentum generated for reform of financial reporting systems by the leaked Panama and Paradise Papers, as well as the gathering impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that led to growing government involvements in national and regional economies to protect the health and economic welfares of their respective populations. With its insights into why OFCs persist despite tightening of the rules regarding tax and financial transparency, and its insistence that the blameworthiness of large-scale tax avoidance should be assessed as a global tax problem requiring coordinated and collaborative response from both developing and advanced economies, this book takes a giant step towards genuine international tax reform. It will prove of enormous value to financial institutions, multinational corporations, tax experts, and lawmakers seeking to mend a world increasingly troubled by illicit financial flows, and problems posed by large individual and corporate tax escape artists. Disclaimer: This title is in pre-production and any names, credits or associations are subject to change. The current table of contents and subject matter is for pre-release sample purposes only.
Book Synopsis International Tax Spillovers and Tangible Investment, with Implications for the Global Minimum Tax by : Mr. Michael Keen
Download or read book International Tax Spillovers and Tangible Investment, with Implications for the Global Minimum Tax written by Mr. Michael Keen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-08-04 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper articulates and, using newly-assembled data, explores how international taxation affects aggregate tangible cross-border investment. Spillovers from statutory tax rates abroad seem: As sizable as effects from the host’s rate; larger than previous consensus values (attributed to a systematic bias from FDI data); and consistent with ‘implicit’ profit shifting through real investment (rather than ‘paper’ profit shifting). Contrary to much policy discussion, the results also imply that: Host countries’ marginal effective tax rates have at best a weak effect on real investment; those elsewhere have none; and, applied to the prospective global minimum tax, inward tangible investment in most sample countries will increase.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Global Development by : Kearrin Sims
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Global Development written by Kearrin Sims and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook provides a comprehensive analysis of some of the world’s most pressing global development challenges – including how they may be better understood and addressed through innovative practices and approaches to learning and teaching. Featuring 61 contributions from leading and emerging academics and practitioners, this multidisciplinary volume is organized into five thematic parts exploring: changes in global development financing, ideologies, norms and partnerships; interrelationships between development, natural environments and inequality; shifts in critical development challenges, and; new possibilities for positive change. Collectively, the handbook demonstrates that global development challenges are becoming increasingly complex and multi-faceted and are to be found in the Global ‘North’ as much as the ‘South’. It draws attention to structural inequality and disadvantage alongside possibilities for positive change. The Handbook will serve as a valuable resource for students and scholars across multiple disciplines including Development Studies, Anthropology, Geography, Global Studies, Indigenous and Postcolonial Studies, Political Science, and Urban Studies.
Book Synopsis Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019/2020 by : World Bank Group
Download or read book Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019/2020 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019-2020 provides novel analytical insights, empirical evidence, and actionable recommendations for governments seeking to enhance investor confidence in times of uncertainty. The report's findings and policy recommendations are organized around "3 ICs" - they provide guidance to governments on how to increase investments' contributions to their country's development, enhance investor confidence, and foster their economies' investment competitiveness. The report presents results of a new survey of more than 2,400 business executives representing FDI in 10 large developing countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. The results show that over half of surveyed foreign businesses have already been adversely affected by policy uncertainty, experiencing a decrease in employment, firm productivity, or investment. Foreign investors report that supporting political environments, stable macroeconomic conditions, and conducive regulatory regimes are their top three investment decision factors. Moreover, the report's new global database of regulatory risk shows that predictability and transparency increase investor confidence and FDI flows. The report also assesses the impact of FD! on poverty, inequality, employment, and firm performance using evidence from various countries. It shows that FDI in developing countries yields benefits to their firms and citizens-including more and better-paid jobs-but governments need to be vigilant about possible adverse consequences on income distribution. The report is organized in S chapters: Chapter 1 presents the results of the foreign investor survey. Chapter 2 explores the differential performance and development impact of greenfield FDI, local firms acquired by multinational corporations {i.e. brownfield FDI), and domestically-owned firms using evidence from six countries. Chapter 3 assesses the impact of FDI on poverty, inequality, employment and wages, using case study evidence from Ethiopia, Turkey and Vietnam. Chapter 4 presents a new framework to measure FDI regulatory risk that is linked to specific legal and regulatory measures. Chapter S focuses on factors for increasing the effectiveness of investment promotion agencies.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment by : Karl P Sauvant
Download or read book The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment written by Karl P Sauvant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, foreign direct investments have spurred widespread liberalization of the foreign direct investment (FDI) regulatory framework. By opening up to foreign investors and encouraging FDI, which could result in increased capital and market access, many countries have improved the operational conditions for foreign affiliates and strengthened standards of treatment and protection. By assuring investors that their investment will be legally protected with closed bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and double taxation treaties (DTTs), this in turn creates greater interest in FDI.
Book Synopsis International Studies by : Scott Straus
Download or read book International Studies written by Scott Straus and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenge of teaching international studies is to help students think coherently about the multiple causes and effects of global problems. In International Studies: Global Forces, Interactions, and Tensions, award-winning scholars Scott Straus and Barry Driscoll introduce students to the foundations of the course; the major actors, institutions and theories; as well as the contemporary problems that will matter most to students. In the fully updated Second Edition, the authors give students a clear framework that pinpoints how key factors—forces, interactions, and tensions—contribute to current world events and global problems like human rights abuses, economic inequality, pandemic and global health responses, and food security. The book raises the bar for the Introduction to International Studies course and is relevant to students from a wide variety of backgrounds with diverse interests in geography, sociology, political science, and anthropology. Included with this text The online resources for your text are available via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site. Learn more.
Book Synopsis External Sector Report 2024 by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book External Sector Report 2024 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-07-12 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year’s report provides the external sector assessment of 30 of the world’s largest economies on the basis of their 2023 data. With tight monetary policy conditions in key advanced economies continuing in 2023, the US dollar remained strong in 2023 and early 2024 by historical standards, while other reserve currency movements have been mixed. Net capital inflows to emerging market and developing economies recovered slightly from the lows experienced in 2022 but remained negative in 2023. Gross inflows and outflows in emerging markets declined, however. Against this background, the global current account balance (defined as the cross-country sum of absolute values of current account) narrowed significantly in 2023, while the excess global current account balance (in excess of the current account norms) has remained broadly unchanged relative to 2022. The report also analyzes the historical pattern in the external sector implications of energy price swings. Energy-importing countries are exposed to adverse effects of negative oil supply shocks but can adopt several policy measures to soften the impact. Possible implications of the clean energy transition and the evolving correlation between the oil price and US dollar are discussed. Lastly, the report contains external sector assessments of individual economies, which are based on a wide range of methods including a multilaterally consistent model of current accounts.
