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Viscoelastic Properties Of Sulfonated Styrene Ionomers
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Book Synopsis Viscoelastic Properties of Sulfonated Styrene Ionomers by : M. Rigdahl
Download or read book Viscoelastic Properties of Sulfonated Styrene Ionomers written by M. Rigdahl and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viscoelastic Behavior of Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers by : Daesik Kim
Download or read book Viscoelastic Behavior of Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers written by Daesik Kim and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viscoelastic Behavior of Low Molecular Weight Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers by : Hongying Zhao
Download or read book Viscoelastic Behavior of Low Molecular Weight Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers written by Hongying Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viscoelastic Behavior of Low Mw Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers by : Hongying Zhao
Download or read book Viscoelastic Behavior of Low Mw Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers written by Hongying Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2013-09-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionomers written by M.R. Tant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have achieved an enviable position as the class of materials having the highest volume of production, exceeding that of both metals and ceramics. The meteoric rise in the production and utilization of polymers has been due to advances in polymer synthesis which allow the creation of specific and well-defined molecular structures, to new knowledge concerning the relationships between polymer structure and properties, and to an improved understanding of how processing can be used as a tool to develop morphological features which result in desired properties. Polymers have truly become 'engineered materials' in every sense of the term. Polymer scientists and engineers are forever seeking to modify and improve the properties of synthetic polymeric systems for use in specific applications. Towards this end they have often looked to nature for advice on how to design molecules for specific needs. An excellent illustration of this is the use of noncovalent bonding (ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals) in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, where these noncovalent bonds, acting both intra and intermolecularly, precisely control the structure and thus the function of the entire system. The utilization of ionic bonding, in particular in man-made polymers has attracted widespread interest in recent years, since ionic interactions exert a similar strong influence on the structure and properties of these synthetic systems.
Book Synopsis Rheology of Oligomeric Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers by : Chongwen Huang
Download or read book Rheology of Oligomeric Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers written by Chongwen Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionomers are flexible polymers containing small amount of covalently attached ionic groups. Those polar groups tend to form ionic aggregates in low dielectric polymer medium due to their strong polar/ionic interactions. The ionic aggregates, serving as physical crosslinks, endow the ionomers with excellent physical and mechanical properties. Owing to the absence of chain entanglement, oligomeric sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) ionomers were selected as a model system to understand the dynamics of ionomers. Firstly, oligomeric SPS ionomers with different degrees of sulfonation (p) and metal cations were prepared from two oligomeric PS precursors. The gel point of SPS ionomers was determined as p = p[subscript c], corresponding to one ionic group per chain on average. Below the gel point, p p[subscript c], the ionomer behaves like a sol with delayed Rouse relaxation. Close to the gel point, p ~ p[subscript c], characteristic power law relaxations occur. Above the gel point, p p[subscript c], ionomers show a plateau in the G', and the plateau modulus increases with increasing p but remains constant for all different metal cations. Based on the mean field theory of Rubinstein and Semenov, a reversible gelation model was developed to analyze and predict the LVE behavior of SPS ionomers. This model, with only two parameters, the Rouse relaxation time of the Kuhn segment t0 and ionic dissociation time t[subscript s], predicts well the LVE behavior of SPS ionomers with all different p and alkali cations. The obtained segment relaxation time, t0, increases linearly with the increasing p but remains nearly unchanged for different metal cations. The ionic dissociation time, t[subscript s], however, highly depends on the type of metal cation, serving as an indicator for the strength of ionic interaction. For alkali metal cations, t[subscript s]increases with the decrease in cation radius due to the increased Coulomb energy. While for alkaline metal cations, where one divalent cation is connected by two acid groups,t[subscript s] increases with increasing cation radius possibly due to the restricted mobility of the larger divalent cations. For divalent transition metal cations, the t[subscript s] is strongly related to the electron configuration of the divalent metal cation, especially the configuration of d orbital, which may be related to the formation of covalent bonds within metal salts. Secondly, the binary ionomer blends, prepared from two SPS ionomers with the same molecular weight but different sulfonation degrees and metal cations, show identical gel point and similar power law relaxation behavior with that of neat ionomers. However, even at the same ionic concentration, the blends exhibit a longer terminal relaxation time but a lower plateau modulus due to their broader relaxation time spectrum, which is probably originated from the broader distribution of ionic groups along the ionomer chains. In addition, the comparison of the experimental data and model predictions for the ionomer blends indicates that the mixing of different alkali cations follows a simple mixing rule: the average ionic dissociation frequency, i.e. the reciprocal of t[subscript s], of the blend is the number average of the ionic dissociation frequency of the two component cations. Thirdly, in order to understand the nonlinear rheological behavior, the steady shear and startup shear behavior of SPS ionomers were investigated with p p[subscript c], p ~ p[subscript c], and p p[subscript c]. When p p[subscript c], the ionomer exhibits typical shear thinning behavior. When p p[subscript c], evident melt fracture occurs after the Newtonian region. Only when p ~ p[subscript c], shear thickening emerges. The shear thickening behavior is accompanied by the absence of nonlinearity in the first normal stress difference coefficient, and the appearance of strain hardening in the growth viscosity during the startup shear. The magnitude of shear thickening increases with the decrease of temperature, the cation radius, and the molecular weight of the PS precursor, due to the increased contrast between the ionic dissociation time t[subscript s] and the Rouse relaxation of the Kuhn segment, t0. Fourthly, the LVE behavior of partially neutralized SPS ionomers with different sulfonation degrees (p) and neutralization degrees (x) was investigated and compared with their dielectric response. The x-independence of the plateau modulus and the similar LVE behavior between the partially neutralized SPS ionomers and the blends of fully neutralized SPS ionomer with unneutralized SPS ionomer containing the same amount of sodium indicate that both sodium sulfonates and sulfonic acid groups are associated in the same ionic aggregates and both contribute to the formation of the ionic network. In particular, the ionic dissociation time, t[subscript s], obtained from the reversible gelation model, is controlled by the neutralization degree x rather than the ionic concentration p. The increase of x enhances the of t[subscript s] and zero shear viscosity t0, especially near complete neutralization. Dielectric studies show that this rapid increase of t[subscript s] and t0 is related to the decrease of dielectric constant e[subscript s] within the ionic aggregates due to the decreased amount of polar acid groups. The t[subscript s], predicted from the localized dielectric constant e[subscript s] using Onsager equation, agrees well with those determined from LVE study. It indicates that the plasticization effect of the acid groups is to soften the ionic interaction between metal sulfonate groups through enhancing the localized dielectric constant. Lastly, the effect of covalent crosslinking on the viscoelastic behavior of the zinc sulfonated EPDM/ zinc stearate (ZnSEPDM/ZnSt) shape memory compounds was examined under different temperatures and ZnSt loadings. The incorporation of ZnSt decreases the low-T creep compliance due to the irradiation induced degradation, but significantly increases the high-T creep compliance owing to the plasticization effect of ZnSt. The incorporation of covalent crosslinking significantly reduces the creep compliance of ZnSEPDM/ZnSt compounds, especially at high T and high loadings of ZnSt. After fitting with the Burger model, it was found that the covalent crosslinking could sufficiently reduce the plasticization effect of ZnSt through the suppression of the ion-hopping process. Therefore, the shape recovery performance of the ZnSEPDM/ZnSt can be greatly improved through reducing the irrecoverable creep compliance via covalent crosslinking.
Book Synopsis Structure and Properties of Ionomers by : Michel Pineri
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Ionomers written by Michel Pineri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1987-05-31 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Villard de Lans, France, June 15-21, 1986
Book Synopsis Structure and Viscoelastic Properties of Styrene-based Ionomers by : Navratil, Martin
Download or read book Structure and Viscoelastic Properties of Styrene-based Ionomers written by Navratil, Martin and published by Department of Chemistry, McGill University. This book was released on 1972 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research in Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structure and Properties of Ionomers by : Michel Pineri
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Ionomers written by Michel Pineri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionomers, that is polymers containing a low concentration of charged units along the chain, have been the subject of increasing interest during the past twenty years. The presence of ionic groups in the poly mer changes some of its properties dramatically. Increases in the modu lus and the viscosity of several orders of magnitude have been observed, and changes in the glass transition of hundreds of degrees are possible. In addition, diffusion coefficients can be modified drastically. These changes are due primarily to the presence of reversible ionic cross links in these materials. Because of the low dielectric constant of most organic polymers, the ions or ionic dipoles tend to aggregate ; this aggregation process, however, is limited, because the ionic groups are covalently bonded to the organic chain. Host of the fundamental research done on these materials has been devoted to a determination of the extent of association, the structure of the aggregates, the limi ting factors, and the correlations between molecular and supermolecular structure and the resul ting properties.
Book Synopsis Designing of Elastomer Nanocomposites: From Theory to Applications by : Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber
Download or read book Designing of Elastomer Nanocomposites: From Theory to Applications written by Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science.The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics.Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned.Readership: Polymer scientists, or& nbsp;scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students.
Book Synopsis Elastomer Blends and Composites by : Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
Download or read book Elastomer Blends and Composites written by Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastomer Blends and Composites: Principles, Characterization, Advances, and Applications presents the latest developments in natural rubber and synthetic rubber-based blends and nanocomposites, with a focus on current trends, future directions and state-of-the-art applications. The book introduces the fundamentals of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, outlining synthesis, structure, properties, challenges and potential applications. This is followed by detailed coverage of compounding and formulations, manufacturing methods, and preparation of elastomer-based blends, composites, and nanocomposites. The next section of the book focuses on properties and characterization, examining elasticity, spectroscopy, barrier properties, and rheological, morphological, mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic behavior, and more. This is a highly valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in rubber (or elastomer) science, polymer blends, composites, polymer science, and materials science and engineering, as well as engineers, technologists, and scientists working with rubber-based materials for advanced applications. Guides the reader through the manufacturing, properties, characterization and latest innovations in elastomer blends and composites Addresses aging and degradation behavior, lifecycle analysis, and recycling of rubber-based materials Explores novel applications of rubber blends and composites in areas such as automotive, aerospace, medicine and engineering
Book Synopsis Introduction to Ionomers by : Adi Eisenberg
Download or read book Introduction to Ionomers written by Adi Eisenberg and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1998-05-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical introduction to one of today's most exciting and rapidly growing areas of polymer science. Introduction to Ionomers affords chemists, engineers, and graduate students an opportunity to familiarize themselves quickly and thoroughly with one of today's most commercially important classes of polymers. Featuring a balanced, fully integrated presentation of basic science and state-of-the-art applications, the book provides the depth of knowledge researchers need to make optimal use of established ionomeric processes or to develop new systems of their own. The book's primary conceptual thrust is the relationship between polymeric architecture and polymeric morphology and properties when affected by ionic groups. While it provides in-depth coverage of all common classes of ionomeric materials--including polystyrenes, polyethylenes, polyurethanes, and polyacrylics--non-crystalline materials are emphasized over partly-crystalline materials. Co-author Adi Eisenberg, a leading ionomer pioneer and innovator, provides a uniquely intimate historical perspective on the field as it has developed over the past three decades. Newcomers to ionomers will appreciate the authors' clear and methodical presentations of difficult concepts, designed to promote rapid mastery of the core principles involved. The product of an exhaustive survey of the huge and rapidly growing world literature on the subject, Introduction to Ionomers is also an excellent resource for experienced professionals attempting to stay abreast of important recent developments in the field.
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research in Progress Between ... and by : United States. Army Research Office
Download or read book Research in Progress Between ... and written by United States. Army Research Office and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise by : Herman F. Mark
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise written by Herman F. Mark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compact, affordable reference, revised and updated The Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise Third Edition provides the key information from the complete, twelve-volume Mark's Encyclopedia in an affordable, condensed format. Completely revised and updated, this user-friendly desk reference offers quick access to all areas of polymer science, including important advances in nanotechnology, imaging and analytical techniques, controlled polymer architecture, biomimetics, and more, all in one volume. Like the twelve-volume full edition, the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise Third Edition provides both SI and common units, carefully selected key references for each article, and hundreds of tables, charts, figures, and graphs.
Book Synopsis Smart Biomaterials by : Mitsuhiro Ebara
Download or read book Smart Biomaterials written by Mitsuhiro Ebara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-28 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of smart biomaterials and their potential applications, a field that is developing at a very rapid pace. Because smart biomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials that respond to small changes in external stimuli with large discontinuous changes in their physical properties, they have been designed to act as an “on–off” switch for, among others, bio separation, immunoanalysis, drug delivery technologies, gene therapy, diagnostics, bio sensors and artificial muscles. After an introduction to the topic and the history of smart biomaterials, the author gives the reader an in-depth look at the properties, mechanics, and characterization of smart biomaterials including hydrogels, particles, assemblies, surfaces, fibers and conjugates. Information on the wide range of applications for these materials follows, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, biosensors, bio separation and actuators. In addition, recent advances in shape memory biomaterials as active components of medical devices are also presented.