The Role of Intellectual Property in Agricultural Public-private Partnerships in the Context of Development

Download The Role of Intellectual Property in Agricultural Public-private Partnerships in the Context of Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Role of Intellectual Property in Agricultural Public-private Partnerships in the Context of Development by : Lois Muraguri

Download or read book The Role of Intellectual Property in Agricultural Public-private Partnerships in the Context of Development written by Lois Muraguri and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food insecurity is an important global problem severely affecting developing countries, particularly those in Asia and Africa. Agricultural research in developing countries is characterised by the following tension: the private sector has plenty of applied research skills and experience but these are primarily used for commercial gain; the public sector has excellent research but the research is often not applied. Agricultural public private partnerships are currently acclaimed as a means of redressing this tension through optimising the complementary synergies between the two sectors in order to address food security. Private sector involvement in agriculture, including public private partnerships (PPPs) has increased in the past two decades as has the use of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in agriculture research. The two sectors have differing and sometimes conflicting perspectives on IP as a concept and in the strategies used to manage intellectual property. IPRs have the potential to enhance or hinder the achievement of a partnership's objectives. This thesis investigates whether, to what extent and in what ways IP is relevant to food security oriented PPPs. It uses two case studies in India and Kenya involving two centres in the Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR) to locate the role that IP plays in the formation and execution of food security oriented PPPs in the context of development. It argues for a bespoke analysis of PPPs as the preferred means through which the impact and effect of factors such as IPRs can be meaningfully examined. It finds that the relevance of IP to food security oriented PPPs in developing countries is determined by two factors: the nature of the technology used in the partnership and the stage of the partnership.

Food Security and Intellectual Property - How the Private and the Public Sectors Use IP to Enhance Agricultural Productivity

Download Food Security and Intellectual Property - How the Private and the Public Sectors Use IP to Enhance Agricultural Productivity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WIPO
ISBN 13 : 9280521225
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Food Security and Intellectual Property - How the Private and the Public Sectors Use IP to Enhance Agricultural Productivity by : World Intellectual Property Organization

Download or read book Food Security and Intellectual Property - How the Private and the Public Sectors Use IP to Enhance Agricultural Productivity written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of public events is planned with a view to demonstrate IP driven success stories of agricultural development with a particular focus on food security. A coordinated action is intended with selected partners from the plant related innovation industry, the public agricultural research sector, farmers associations of selected developing countries, relevant intergovernmental (FAO, UPOV), non governmental organizations and potential donors. A first Seminar was held on June 14, 2011, at the WIPO Headquarters in Geneva.

The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology Innovation

Download The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology Innovation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849801932
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology Innovation by : David Castle

Download or read book The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology Innovation written by David Castle and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . recommended to anyone interested in the thrilling subject of the relationship of IPRs and innovation. Ralf Uhrich, Journal of Intellectual Property This is an outstanding piece of scholarship. It will serve as a powerful stimulant for new research in the field and as a reliable guide for practitioners. Calestous Juma, Harvard University, US Intellectual property rights (IPRs), particularly patents, occupy a prominent position in innovation systems, but to what extent they support or hinder innovation is widely disputed. Through the lens of biotechnology, this book delves deeply into the main issues at the crossroads of innovation and IPRs to evaluate claims of the positive and negative impacts of IPRs on innovation. An international group of scholars from a range of disciplines economic geography, health law, business, philosophy, history, public health, management examine how IPRs actually operate in innovation systems, not just from the perspective of theory but grounded in their global, regional, national, current and historical contexts. In so doing, the contributors seek to uncover and move beyond deeply held assumptions about the role of IPRs in innovation systems. Scholars and students interested in innovation, science and technology policy, intellectual property rights and technology transfer will find this volume of great interest. The findings will also be of value to decision makers in science and technology policy and managers of intellectual property in biotechnology and venture capital firms.

Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure

Download Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513576569
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure by : Manal Fouad

Download or read book Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure written by Manal Fouad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment in infrastructure can be a driving force of the economic recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of shrinking fiscal space. Public-private partnerships (PPP) bring a promise of efficiency when carefully designed and managed, to avoid creating unnecessary fiscal risks. But fiscal illusions prevent an understanding the sources of fiscal risks, which arise in all infrastructure projects, and that in PPPs present specific characteristics that need to be addressed. PPP contracts are also affected by implicit fiscal risks when they are poorly designed, particularly when a government signs a PPP contract for a project with no financial sustainability. This paper reviews the advantages and inconveniences of PPPs, discusses the fiscal illusions affecting them, identifies a diversity of fiscal risks, and presents the essentials of PPP fiscal risk management.

The Cambridge Handbook of Public-Private Partnerships, Intellectual Property Governance, and Sustainable Development

Download The Cambridge Handbook of Public-Private Partnerships, Intellectual Property Governance, and Sustainable Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316811999
Total Pages : 811 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (168 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Public-Private Partnerships, Intellectual Property Governance, and Sustainable Development by : Margaret Chon

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Public-Private Partnerships, Intellectual Property Governance, and Sustainable Development written by Margaret Chon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public–private partnerships (PPPs) play an increasingly prominent role in addressing global development challenges. United Nations agencies and other organizations are relying on PPPs to improve global health, facilitate access to scientific information, and encourage the diffusion of climate change technologies. For this reason, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highlights their centrality in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). At the same time, the intellectual property dimensions and implications of these efforts remain under-examined. Through selective case studies, this illuminating work contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between PPPs and intellectual property considered within a global knowledge governance framework, that includes innovation, capacity-building, technological learning, and diffusion. Linking global governance of knowledge via intellectual property to the SDGs, this is the first book to chart the activities of PPPs at this important nexus.

Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation

Download Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mihr
ISBN 13 : 9781424320264
Total Pages : 1998 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation by : Anatole F. Krattiger

Download or read book Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation written by Anatole F. Krattiger and published by Mihr. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V. 1. Innovation and IP management: a contextual overview; Specific strategies and mechanisms for facilitating access to innovation; The policy and legal environment for innovation; The IP toolbox; Institutional policies and strategies; Establishing and operating technology transfer offices; Contracts and agreements to support partnerships; Inventors and inventions; Evaluation and valuation of technologies; Patents and patenting: balancing protection with the public domain; v. 2. Technology and product licensing; Dealmaking and marketing technology to product-development partners; The public sector and tentrepreneurship; Freedom to operate and risk management; Monitoring, enforcement, and resolving disputes; Bioprospecting, tradictional knowledge, and benefit sharing; Putting intelectual property to work: experiences from around the world.

The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture and Allied Sciences

Download The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture and Allied Sciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351125265
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture and Allied Sciences by : Chandan Roy

Download or read book The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture and Allied Sciences written by Chandan Roy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important volume provides a basic understanding of the different forms of intellectual property rights in agricultural science. It provides an abundance of information on the use of IP laws in agriculture and allied subjects and their proper implementation in real-life practice. The chapter authors discuss different kinds of IP laws and their current status in developed as well as developing countries throughout the world. The protection of biological resources is crucial for food security for future generations. Biological resources are the source of several important genes. Researchers are interested in the development of plant varieties that can increase crop production, withstand dramatic climatic changes, etc. Protecting intellectual property rights in plant varieties and the rights of farmers and others are discussed in this volume. It also looks at new trends and developments in the field involving new IP strategies and the application of IP laws in agriculture and biotechnology and in the management of plant genetic resources.

Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium on the Role of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition

Download Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium on the Role of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 925109330X
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium on the Role of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium on the Role of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The FAO international symposium on “The role of agricultural biotechnologies in sustainable food systems and nutrition” took place from 15 to 17 February 2016 at FAO headquarters, Rome. Over 400 people attended, including 230 delegates from 75 member countries and the European Union, as well as representatives of intergovernmental organizations, private sector entities, civil society organizations, academia/research organizations and producer organizations/cooperatives. The symposium encompassed the crop, livestock, forestry and fishery sectors and was organized around three main themes: i) climate change; ii) sustainable food systems and nutrition; and iii) people, policies, institutions and communities. The proceedings provide the main highlights of the symposium which covered a broad range of biotechnologies, from low-tech approaches such as those involving use of microbial fermentation processes, biofertilizers, biopesticides and artificial insemination, to high-tech approaches suc h as those involving advanced DNA-based methodologies and genetically modified organisms. The full report has been divided into sections and individual chapters for ease of downloading: Introduction to the Proceedings Chapter 1. Opening plenary session Chapter 2. High-level ministerial session Chapter 3. Parallel sessions: Climate change Chapter 4. Parallel sessions: Sustainable food systems and nutrition Chapter 5. Parallel sessions: People, policies, institutions and communities Chapter 6. Student interactive session: Bringing fresh perspectives Chapter 7. Side events: Reports Chapter 8. Final plenary session For more information, visit the webpage http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agribiotechs-symposium/en/.

Uncitral Legislative Guide on Public-Private Partnerships

Download Uncitral Legislative Guide on Public-Private Partnerships PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789211303995
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Uncitral Legislative Guide on Public-Private Partnerships by : United Nations

Download or read book Uncitral Legislative Guide on Public-Private Partnerships written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Legislative Provisions and the Legislative Guide on Public-Private Partnerships were prepared by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and adopted at its fifty-second session (Vienna, 8-19 July 2019). In addition to representatives of member States of the Commission, representatives of many other States and of several international organizations, both intergovernmental and non-governmental, participated actively in the preparatory work. The Model Legislative Provisions translate into legislative language the advice given in the recommendations contained in the Legislative Guide. The Model Legislative Provisions are intended to assist in the establishment of a legislative framework favourable to public-private partnerships (PPPs). The Model Legislative Provisions follow the corresponding notes in the Legislative Guide, which offer an analytical introduction with references to financial, regulatory, legal, policy and other issues raised in the subject area. The user is advised to read the Model Legislative Provisions together with the Legislative Guide, which provide background information to enhance understanding of the legislative recommendations. The Model Legislative Provisions deal with matters that it is important to address in legislation specifically concerned with PPPs. They do not deal with other areas of law that, as discussed in the Legislative Guide, also have an impact on PPPs. Moreover, the successful implementation of PPPs typically requires various measures beyond the establishment of an appropriate legislative framework, such as adequate administrative structures and practices, organizational capability, technical expertise, appropriate human and financial resources and economic stability.

Biodiversity and the Law

Download Biodiversity and the Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113657106X
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biodiversity and the Law by : Charles R. McManis

Download or read book Biodiversity and the Law written by Charles R. McManis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we promote global economic development, while simultaneously preserving local biological and cultural diversity? This authoritative volume, written by leading legal experts and biological and social scientists from around the world, aims to address this question in all of its complexity. The first part of the book focuses on biodiversity and examines what we are losing, why and what is to be done. The second part addresses biotechnology and looks at whether it is part of the solution or part of the problem, or perhaps both. The third section examines traditional knowledge, explains what it is and how, if at all, it should be protected. The fourth and final part looks at ethnobotany and bioprospecting and offers practical lessons from the vast and diverse experiences of the contributors.

Methodology for the Development of National Intellectual Property Strategies - Toolkit - Tool 3: Benchmarking Indicators

Download Methodology for the Development of National Intellectual Property Strategies - Toolkit - Tool 3: Benchmarking Indicators PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WIPO
ISBN 13 : 9280524208
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Methodology for the Development of National Intellectual Property Strategies - Toolkit - Tool 3: Benchmarking Indicators by : World Intellectual Property Organization

Download or read book Methodology for the Development of National Intellectual Property Strategies - Toolkit - Tool 3: Benchmarking Indicators written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2014-02-21 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A companion handbook to the Baseline Questionnaire designed to support the collection of baseline survey data, providing an in-depth analysis explaining the benchmarking indicators used in the assessment of the national lP system.

Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture

Download Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821344965
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (449 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture by : Uma J. Lele

Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture written by Uma J. Lele and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intellectual property rights, agriculture, and the worl bank; Perspectives from international agricultural research centers; Perspectives from industry; Perspectives from national systems and universities; A model for international owned goods; Summary and implications for the world bank.

Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Varieties

Download Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Varieties PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251052228
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Varieties by : Laurence R. Helfer

Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Varieties written by Laurence R. Helfer and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study provides an overview of the international intellectual property system regulating plant varieties. It identifies the essential features of this system, including the policies supporting the grant of intellectual property rights (IPRs) and the societal objectives in tension with IPRs, the institutions that have shaped the international intellectual property system, and the basic components contained in the relevant international treaties. The study aims to set forth regulatory options for national governments to protect plant varieties while achieving other public policy objectives relating to plant genetic resources.

Sustainable Agricultural Development

Download Sustainable Agricultural Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400705190
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Agricultural Development by : Mohamed Behnassi

Download or read book Sustainable Agricultural Development written by Mohamed Behnassi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to many challenges (i.e. climate change, energy, water and land shortage, high demands on food, land grabbing, etc.), agriculture production potential is expected to be seriously affected; thus, increasing food insecurity and hunger in many already affected regions (especially in Africa). In this context, sustainable agriculture is highly recommended as an eco-system approach where soil, water, plants, environment and living organisms live in harmony. Innovative technologies and research should be developed to ensure sustainable agriculture and productivity using modern irrigation systems, improved varieties, improved soil quality, etc. In the meantime, the preservation of natural environment should be based on resource conservation technologies and best management practices. Sustainable Agricultural Development, not only raises the serious ethical and social issues underlying these huge environmental problems, but also aims at presenting successful experiences from all over the world in relation with sustainable farming, sustainable management of water and land resources, and innovative processes in livestock production. It also aims at providing inputs to decision making processes and encouraging the transfer of relevant know-how, technologies and expertise to different countries where similar agro-climatic conditions may exist; thus saving precious resources and promoting sustainable agricultural development as a relevant approach to tackle the food security challenge. Finally, this book focuses on the paradigmatic and policy dimensions and call for an innovative approach by analyzing the key themes in a complex and interrelated manner.

Realizing the Potential of Public–Private Partnerships to Advance Asia's Infrastructure Development

Download Realizing the Potential of Public–Private Partnerships to Advance Asia's Infrastructure Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292614193
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Realizing the Potential of Public–Private Partnerships to Advance Asia's Infrastructure Development by : Akash Deep

Download or read book Realizing the Potential of Public–Private Partnerships to Advance Asia's Infrastructure Development written by Akash Deep and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication highlights how public–private partnerships (PPPs) can be effective to meet Asia's growing infrastructure needs. It shows how governments and their development partners can use PPPs to promote more inclusive and sustainable growth. The study finds that successful PPP projects are predicated on well-designed contracts, a stable economy, good governance and sound regulations, and a high level of institutional capacity to handle PPPs. It is the result of a collaboration between the Asian Development Bank, the Korea Development Institute, and other experts that supported the theme chapter "Sustaining Development through Public–Private Partnership" of the Asian Development Outlook 2017 Update.

Agricultural Innovation Systems

Download Agricultural Innovation Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821389440
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Agricultural Innovation Systems by : The World Bank

Download or read book Agricultural Innovation Systems written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing the ability of agriculture to meet rising global demand and to respond to the changes and opportunities will require good policy, sustained investments, and innovation - not business as usual. Investments in public Research and Development, extension, education, and their links with one another have elicited high returns and pro-poor growth, but these investments alone will not elicit innovation at the pace or on the scale required by the intensifying and proliferating challenges confronting agriculture. Experience indicates that aside from a strong capacity in Research and Development, the ability to innovate is often related to collective action, coordination, the exchange of knowledge among diverse actors, the incentives and resources available to form partnerships and develop businesses, and conditions that make it possible for farmers or entrepreneurs to use the innovations. While consensus is developing about what is meant by 'innovation' and 'innovation system', no detailed blueprint exists for making agricultural innovation happen at a given time, in a given place, for a given result. The AIS approach that looks at these multiple conditions and relationships that promote innovation in agriculture, has however moved from a concept to a sub-discipline with principles of analysis and action. AIS investments must be specific to the context, responding to the stage of development in a particular country and agricultural sector, especially the AIS. This sourcebook contributes to identifying, designing, and implementing the investments, approaches, and complementary interventions that appear most likely to strengthen AIS and to promote agricultural innovation and equitable growth. It emphasizes the lessons learned, benefits and impacts, implementation issues, and prospects for replicating or expanding successful practices. The information in this sourcebook derives from approaches that have been tested at different scales in different contexts. It reflects the experiences and evolving understanding of numerous individuals and organizations concerned with agricultural innovation, including the World Bank. This information is targeted to the key operational staff in international and regional development agencies and national governments who design and implement lending projects and to the practitioners who design thematic programs and technical assistance packages. The sourcebook can also be an important resource for the research community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

Nanotechnology and the Challenges of Equity, Equality and Development

Download Nanotechnology and the Challenges of Equity, Equality and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048196159
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanotechnology and the Challenges of Equity, Equality and Development by : Susan E. Cozzens

Download or read book Nanotechnology and the Challenges of Equity, Equality and Development written by Susan E. Cozzens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-10 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is enabling applications in materials, microelectronics, health, and agriculture, which are projected to create the next big shift in production, comparable to the industrial revolution. Such major shifts always co-evolve with social relationships. This book focuses on how nanotechnologies might affect equity/equality in global society. Nanotechnologies are likely to open gaps by gender, ethnicity, race, and ability status, as well as between developed and developing countries, unless steps are taken now to create a different outcome. Organizations need to change their practices, and cultural ideas must be broadened if currently disadvantaged groups are to have a more equal position in nano-society rather than a more disadvantaged one. Economic structures are likely to shift in the nano-revolution, requiring policymakers and participatory processes to invent new institutions for social welfare, better suited to the new economic order than those of the past.