The Psychology Of Logical Reasoning

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The Psychology of Proof

Author : Lance J. Rips
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262517213
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Proof by : Lance J. Rips

Download or read book The Psychology of Proof written by Lance J. Rips and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. In this provocative book, Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. Rips argues that certain inference principles are so central to our notion of intelligence and rationality that they deserve serious psychological investigation to determine their role in individuals' beliefs and conjectures. Asserting that cognitive scientists should consider deductive reasoning as a basis for thinking, Rips develops a theory of natural reasoning abilities and shows how it predicts mental successes and failures in a range of cognitive tasks. In parts I and II of the book, Rips builds insights from cognitive psychology, logic, and artificial intelligence into a unified theoretical structure. He defends the idea that deduction depends on the ability to construct mental proofs—actual memory units that link given information to conclusions it warrants. From this base Rips develops a computational model of deduction based on two cognitive skills: the ability to make suppositions or assumptions and the ability to posit sub-goals for conclusions. A wide variety of original experiments support this model, including studies of human subjects evaluating logical arguments as well as following and remembering proofs. Unlike previous theories of mental proof, this one handles names and variables in a general way. This capability enables deduction to play a crucial role in other thought processes, such as classifying and problem solving. In part III, Rips compares the theory to earlier approaches in psychology which confined the study of deduction to a small group of tasks, and examines whether the theory is too rational or too irrational in its mode of thought.

Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

Author : Norbert M. Seel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441914277
Total Pages : 3643 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by : Norbert M. Seel

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.

The Psychology of Logical Reasoning

Author : John Samuel Lindsey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Logical Reasoning by : John Samuel Lindsey

Download or read book The Psychology of Logical Reasoning written by John Samuel Lindsey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Art Of Logical Thinking Or The Laws Of Reasoning

Author : William Walker Atkinson
Publisher : Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Art Of Logical Thinking Or The Laws Of Reasoning by : William Walker Atkinson

Download or read book The Art Of Logical Thinking Or The Laws Of Reasoning written by William Walker Atkinson and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhance your logical thinking skills with "The Art Of Logical Thinking Or The Laws Of Reasoning" by William Walker Atkinson, a comprehensive guide that explores the principles and techniques of effective reasoning and logical analysis. Immerse yourself in Atkinson's teachings as he unveils the art of thinking critically and making sound decisions. As the pages unfold, delve into the art of logical thinking, covering aspects from deductive and inductive reasoning to the laws that govern effective thought processes. William Walker Atkinson provides readers with practical exercises and insights to sharpen their logical thinking skills, offering a valuable resource for anyone seeking to enhance their cognitive abilities. But here's a question that resonates with those aiming to improve their logical thinking: What are the key laws and principles that govern logical reasoning, and how can individuals apply these laws to everyday decision-making and problem-solving? Reflect on the transformative teachings presented by Atkinson, prompting contemplation on the practical applications of logical thinking in various aspects of life. Experience the art of logical thinking with "The Art Of Logical Thinking." Short, instructive paragraphs guide you through Atkinson's principles, encouraging you to embrace the practices that can lead to improved reasoning and more effective decision-making. Are you ready to unlock the art of logical thinking and enhance your cognitive abilities? Join William Walker Atkinson on a logical exploration through the pages of "The Art Of Logical Thinking" and discover the keys to thinking critically and making informed decisions. Open the doors to a world of improved reasoning. Purchase "The Art Of Logical Thinking" now, and let Atkinson's timeless wisdom be your guide on the journey to developing logical thinking skills that can be applied in various aspects of your life. Seize the opportunity to own a piece of cognitive brilliance. Embrace the art of logical thinking with "The Art Of Logical Thinking" and let Atkinson's insights inspire you to approach challenges and decisions with a sharper and more logical mind.

The Nature of Reasoning

Author : Jacqueline P. Leighton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521009287
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nature of Reasoning by : Jacqueline P. Leighton

Download or read book The Nature of Reasoning written by Jacqueline P. Leighton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are bombarded with information - press releases, television news, Internet websites, and office memos, just to name a few - on a daily basis. However, the important conclusions that may or need to be inferred from such information are typically not provided. We must draw the conclusions by ourselves. How do we draw these conclusions? This book addresses how we reason to reach sensible conclusions. The purpose of this book is to organize in one volume what is known about reasoning, such as its structural prerequisites, its mechanisms, its susceptibility to pragmatic influences, its pitfalls, and the bases for its development. Given that reasoning underlies so many of our intellectual activities - when we learn, criticize, analyze, judge, infer, evaluate, optimize, apply, discover, imagine, devise, and create - we stand to gain a great deal if we can learn to define, operate, apply, and nurture our reasoning.

Logical Reasoning

Author : Bradley Harris Dowden
Publisher : Bradley Dowden
ISBN 13 : 9780534176884
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Logical Reasoning by : Bradley Harris Dowden

Download or read book Logical Reasoning written by Bradley Harris Dowden and published by Bradley Dowden. This book was released on 1993 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to engage students' interest and promote their writing abilities while teaching them to think critically and creatively. Dowden takes an activist stance on critical thinking, asking students to create and revise arguments rather than simply recognizing and criticizing them. His book emphasizes inductive reasoning and the analysis of individual claims in the beginning, leaving deductive arguments for consideration later in the course.

Rationality and Reasoning

Author : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135472300
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and Reasoning by : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans

Download or read book Rationality and Reasoning written by Jonathon St. B.T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1 Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it. As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.

The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning (Psychology Revivals)

Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317820452
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning (Psychology Revivals) by : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans

Download or read book The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning (Psychology Revivals) written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1982, this was an extensive and up-to-date review of research into the psychology of deductive reasoning, Jonathan Evans presents an alternative theoretical framework to the rationalist approach which had dominated much of the published work in this field at the time. The review falls into three sections. The first is concerned with elementary reasoning tasks, in which response latency is the prime measure of interest. The second and third sections are concerned with syllogistic and propositional reasoning respectively, in which interest has focused on the explanation of frequently observed logical errors. In an extended discussion it is argued that reasoning processes are content specific, and give little indication of the operation of any underlying system of logical competence. Finally, a dual process theory of reasoning, with broad implications and connections with other fields of psychology, is elaborated and assessed in the light of recent evidence.

Emotion and Reasoning

Author : Isabelle Blanchette
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134548192
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (345 download)

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Book Synopsis Emotion and Reasoning by : Isabelle Blanchette

Download or read book Emotion and Reasoning written by Isabelle Blanchette and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between emotion and cognition is a fundamental issue which has only recently been reintroduced as a legitimate object of study in experimental psychology. This book examines the significant impact that affective processes have on reasoning, and demonstrates how emotional reasoning cannot simply be equated with faulty reasoning. Emotion and Reasoning presents contributions from leading researchers from a variety of disciplines, including experimental cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuropsychology, and experimental psychopathology. The opening chapters consider how emotions affect reasoning processes in individuals living with psychopathology. A second section focuses upon experimental investigations of emotion and basic reasoning processes, and a final section explores the physiological bases of emotion-reasoning interaction. Together, the chapters in this volume provide a multidisciplinary overview of key topics on emotion and reasoning, and a survey of recent research in this area. Emotion and Reasoning will be of great interest to advanced students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, and affective neuroscience.

The Developmental Psychology of Reasoning and Decision-making

Author : Henry Markovits
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781315856568
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (565 download)

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Book Synopsis The Developmental Psychology of Reasoning and Decision-making by : Henry Markovits

Download or read book The Developmental Psychology of Reasoning and Decision-making written by Henry Markovits and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical thinking is a critically important cognitive skill. It is not just essential for mathematical and scientific understanding, it is also of prime importance when trying to navigate our complex and increasingly sophisticated world. Written by world class researchers in the field, The Developmental Psychology of Reasoning and Decision-Making describes the ways that children learn to reason, and how reasoning can be used to overcome the influence of beliefs and intuitions. The chapters in this edited collection focus on the new, revolutionary paradigm in reasoning and cover the recent research on the development of reasoning in two important areas: Cognitive abilities required to reason well and how these abilities develop in children and adolescents. Recent empirical data showing the effect intuition and prior belief have on reasoning, even when the outcome is inappropriate. Different theoretical and empirical perspectives from recent Piagetian theory, mental models and gist processing are examined, along with empirical results looking at specific aspects of reasoning in children. The key theme of the book is to better understand how reasoning develops not only through examining 'logical' reasoning, but also the nature of the interactions between people's intuitions and their reasoning abilities. The Developmental Psychology of Reasoning and Decision-Making provides an overview of the main theories and key empirical results related to the development of reasoning and should be of particular interest to students and researchers in developmental psychology and education, along with those in cognitive psychology.

The Psychology of Reasoning

Author : Walter Bowers Pillsbury
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781835916537
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Reasoning by : Walter Bowers Pillsbury

Download or read book The Psychology of Reasoning written by Walter Bowers Pillsbury and published by . This book was released on 2024-04-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Psychology of Reasoning" by Walter Bowers Pillsbury is a seminal work in the field of psychology, particularly focusing on the cognitive processes involved in reasoning. Published in 1910, Pillsbury's book delves into the intricate workings of the human mind as it engages in logical thinking and problem-solving. In this book, Pillsbury explores various aspects of reasoning, including deductive and inductive reasoning, decision-making, and problem-solving strategies. He examines how individuals form judgments, draw conclusions, and make sense of the world around them through the lens of psychological research and experimentation. Pillsbury delves into the role of perception, memory, and language in reasoning, highlighting the interplay between these cognitive processes in shaping our thought patterns and decision-making abilities. He also discusses the influence of emotions, biases, and social factors on reasoning, shedding light on the complexities of human cognition. Throughout the book, Pillsbury presents a comprehensive overview of the theories and empirical findings related to reasoning, drawing on insights from psychology, philosophy, and logic. He provides case studies, experimental evidence, and theoretical frameworks to support his arguments, offering readers a rich and nuanced understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying reasoning. "The Psychology of Reasoning" is not only a scholarly treatise on the subject but also a practical resource for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in understanding the nature of human thought and rationality. Pillsbury's work continues to be relevant today, serving as a foundation for further exploration and inquiry into the mysteries of the mind.

Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic

Author : Willis F. Overton
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134735146
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic by : Willis F. Overton

Download or read book Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic written by Willis F. Overton and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A presentation of current work that systematically explores and articulates the nature, origin and development of reasoning, this volume's primary aim is to describe and examine contemporary theory and research findings on the topic of deductive reasoning. Many contributors believe concepts such as "structure," "competence," and "mental logic" are necessary features for a complete understanding of reasoning. As the book emanates from a Jean Piaget Symposium, his theory of intellectual development as the standard contemporary treatment of deductive reasoning is used as the context in which the contributors elaborate on their own perceptions.

Psychology of Reasoning

Author : Peter Cathcart Wason
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674721272
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (212 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychology of Reasoning by : Peter Cathcart Wason

Download or read book Psychology of Reasoning written by Peter Cathcart Wason and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the core of the "Psychology of Reasoning" is a vigorous discussion that incorporates various illustrations--some of them humorous, all of them fascinating--of the use of reason under a wide variety of different conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the difficulties involved in dealing with negatively marked information that must be combined and used with other information for reaching conclusions. Thorough treatment is given as well to the search for plausible contexts that will render anomalous or ambiguous statements "sensible."

Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science

Author : Keith Stenning
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262293536
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science by : Keith Stenning

Download or read book Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science written by Keith Stenning and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new proposal for integrating the employment of formal and empirical methods in the study of human reasoning. In Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science, Keith Stenning and Michiel van Lambalgen—a cognitive scientist and a logician—argue for the indispensability of modern mathematical logic to the study of human reasoning. Logic and cognition were once closely connected, they write, but were “divorced” in the past century; the psychology of deduction went from being central to the cognitive revolution to being the subject of widespread skepticism about whether human reasoning really happens outside the academy. Stenning and van Lambalgen argue that logic and reasoning have been separated because of a series of unwarranted assumptions about logic. Stenning and van Lambalgen contend that psychology cannot ignore processes of interpretation in which people, wittingly or unwittingly, frame problems for subsequent reasoning. The authors employ a neurally implementable defeasible logic for modeling part of this framing process, and show how it can be used to guide the design of experiments and interpret results.

Mental Logic

Author : Martin D.S. Braine
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135689172
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Mental Logic by : Martin D.S. Braine

Download or read book Mental Logic written by Martin D.S. Braine and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1998-04 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, which includes some previously published work and the most recent writings of the late Martin Braine and his colleagues, will be of interest to cognitive scientists, philosophers of mind and logicians, developmentalists, and psycholinguists.

Logical Psych

Author : Philip Bell
Publisher : UNSW Press
ISBN 13 : 9780868405933
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis Logical Psych by : Philip Bell

Download or read book Logical Psych written by Philip Bell and published by UNSW Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable guide to skills of reasoning, explanation and writing. This book takes common problems in Psychology & relevant public controversies showing many arguments around the same problem. It also provides guidelines for writing good reports and essays.

Reasoning: Representation and Process

Author : Rachel Joffe Falmagne
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317404092
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning: Representation and Process by : Rachel Joffe Falmagne

Download or read book Reasoning: Representation and Process written by Rachel Joffe Falmagne and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1975, this volume contains original reports of new models and data in the areas of propositional reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, and transitive inference in children and adults of the time. A wide range of theoretical viewpoints is represented, and an effort is made to integrate the models and empirical findings, as well as place them in a common perspective and elucidate the general issues and questions relevant to these various approaches. The study of logical reasoning was undergoing rapid expansion at the time and this volume brings together the latest thinking in the area, in such a way that the relation between Piagetian and non-Piagetian traditions are examined, as well as the connection between the study of reasoning and the area of linguistic inquiry. The discussions of metatheoretical issues, such as the notion of logical competence and separability of representation and logical processing, as regards the various models presented herein, made this volume required reading for all those interested in reasoning in children and adults at the time.