Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Reasoning Representation And Process
Download Reasoning Representation And Process full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Reasoning Representation And Process ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Reasoning: Representation and Process by : Rachel Joffe Falmagne
Download or read book Reasoning: Representation and Process written by Rachel Joffe Falmagne and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1975, this volume contains original reports of new models and data in the areas of propositional reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, and transitive inference in children and adults of the time. A wide range of theoretical viewpoints is represented, and an effort is made to integrate the models and empirical findings, as well as place them in a common perspective and elucidate the general issues and questions relevant to these various approaches. The study of logical reasoning was undergoing rapid expansion at the time and this volume brings together the latest thinking in the area, in such a way that the relation between Piagetian and non-Piagetian traditions are examined, as well as the connection between the study of reasoning and the area of linguistic inquiry. The discussions of metatheoretical issues, such as the notion of logical competence and separability of representation and logical processing, as regards the various models presented herein, made this volume required reading for all those interested in reasoning in children and adults at the time.
Book Synopsis Reasoning: Representation and Process by : Rachel Joffe Falmagne
Download or read book Reasoning: Representation and Process written by Rachel Joffe Falmagne and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1975, this volume contains original reports of new models and data in the areas of propositional reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, and transitive inference in children and adults of the time. A wide range of theoretical viewpoints is represented, and an effort is made to integrate the models and empirical findings, as well as place them in a common perspective and elucidate the general issues and questions relevant to these various approaches. The study of logical reasoning was undergoing rapid expansion at the time and this volume brings together the latest thinking in the area, in such a way that the relation between Piagetian and non-Piagetian traditions are examined, as well as the connection between the study of reasoning and the area of linguistic inquiry. The discussions of metatheoretical issues, such as the notion of logical competence and separability of representation and logical processing, as regards the various models presented herein, made this volume required reading for all those interested in reasoning in children and adults at the time.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and the Design of Intelligent Agents by : Michael Gelfond
Download or read book Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and the Design of Intelligent Agents written by Michael Gelfond and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-10 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation and reasoning is the foundation of artificial intelligence, declarative programming, and the design of knowledge-intensive software systems capable of performing intelligent tasks. Using logical and probabilistic formalisms based on answer set programming (ASP) and action languages, this book shows how knowledge-intensive systems can be given knowledge about the world and how it can be used to solve non-trivial computational problems. The authors maintain a balance between mathematical analysis and practical design of intelligent agents. All the concepts, such as answering queries, planning, diagnostics, and probabilistic reasoning, are illustrated by programs of ASP. The text can be used for AI-related undergraduate and graduate classes and by researchers who would like to learn more about ASP and knowledge representation.
Book Synopsis Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes by : Jonathan Evans
Download or read book Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes written by Jonathan Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.
Book Synopsis Mental Models in Discourse Processing and Reasoning by : G. Rickheit
Download or read book Mental Models in Discourse Processing and Reasoning written by G. Rickheit and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-10-29 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this interdisciplinary discussion on mental models, researchers from various areas in cognitive science tackle the following questions: What is a mental model? What are the prospects and limitations in applying the mental model notion in cognitive science? How can the ideas on the nature of mental models and their mode of operation be empirically substantiated? The primary goal of the research group was to work out a definition of mental models that embraces the overall use of this construct in cognitive science as well as the more specific conceptions used in particular research domains such as cognitive linguistics. Theoretical claims about the properties of mental models were discussed and their tenability evaluated against the empirical evidence. The volume is divided into three parts. Fundamental aspects of mental models are presented in the first section, the following part contains contributions to the function of mental models in discourse processing, and finally problems of mental models in reasoning and problem solving are outlined.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Representation by : Arthur B. Markman
Download or read book Knowledge Representation written by Arthur B. Markman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation is fundamental to the study of mind. All theories of psychological processing are rooted in assumptions about how information is stored. These assumptions, in turn, influence the explanatory power of theories. This book fills a gap in the existing literature by providing an overview of types of knowledge representation techniques and their use in cognitive models. Organized around types of representations, this book begins with a discussion of the foundations of knowledge representation, then presents discussions of different ways that knowledge representation has been used. Both symbolic and connectionist approaches to representation are discussed and a set of recommendations about the way representations should be used is presented. This work can be used as the basis for a course on knowledge representation or can be read independently. It will be useful to students of psychology as well as people in related disciplines--computer science, philosophy, anthropology, and linguistics--who want an introduction to techniques for knowledge representation.
Book Synopsis Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic by : Willis F. Overton
Download or read book Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic written by Willis F. Overton and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A presentation of current work that systematically explores and articulates the nature, origin and development of reasoning, this volume's primary aim is to describe and examine contemporary theory and research findings on the topic of deductive reasoning. Many contributors believe concepts such as "structure," "competence," and "mental logic" are necessary features for a complete understanding of reasoning. As the book emanates from a Jean Piaget Symposium, his theory of intellectual development as the standard contemporary treatment of deductive reasoning is used as the context in which the contributors elaborate on their own perceptions.
Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education by : Olle ten Cate
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education written by Olle ten Cate and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume describes and explains the educational method of Case-Based Clinical Reasoning (CBCR) used successfully in medical schools to prepare students to think like doctors before they enter the clinical arena and become engaged in patient care. Although this approach poses the paradoxical problem of a lack of clinical experience that is so essential for building proficiency in clinical reasoning, CBCR is built on the premise that solving clinical problems involves the ability to reason about disease processes. This requires knowledge of anatomy and the working and pathology of organ systems, as well as the ability to regard patient problems as patterns and compare them with instances of illness scripts of patients the clinician has seen in the past and stored in memory. CBCR stimulates the development of early, rudimentary illness scripts through elaboration and systematic discussion of the courses of action from the initial presentation of the patient to the final steps of clinical management. The book combines general backgrounds of clinical reasoning education and assessment with a detailed elaboration of the CBCR method for application in any medical curriculum, either as a mandatory or as an elective course. It consists of three parts: a general introduction to clinical reasoning education, application of the CBCR method, and cases that can used by educators to try out this method.
Book Synopsis Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by : Ronald Brachman
Download or read book Knowledge Representation and Reasoning written by Ronald Brachman and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2004-05-19 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation is at the very core of a radical idea for understanding intelligence. This book talks about the central concepts of knowledge representation developed over the years. It is suitable for researchers and practitioners in database management, information retrieval, object-oriented systems and artificial intelligence.
Book Synopsis Rationality and Reasoning by : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans
Download or read book Rationality and Reasoning written by Jonathon St. B.T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1 Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it. As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Processes in Comprehension by : Marcel A. Just
Download or read book Cognitive Processes in Comprehension written by Marcel A. Just and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1978. Cognitive Processes in Comprehension is a look at what goes on in the mind of the listener or reader when he hears a sentence during a conversation or reads a passage in a book. For most adults, comprehension is rapid, automatic, and effortless. But, despite its apparent simplicity, comprehension includes a myriad of subprocesses, each of which by itself constitutes a formidable computational task.
Book Synopsis Process Neural Networks by : Xingui He
Download or read book Process Neural Networks written by Xingui He and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-05 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, this book sets forth the concept and model for a process neural network. You’ll discover how a process neural network expands the mapping relationship between the input and output of traditional neural networks and greatly enhances the expression capability of artificial neural networks. Detailed illustrations help you visualize information processing flow and the mapping relationship between inputs and outputs.
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning by : Jonathan Evans
Download or read book The Psychology of Deductive Reasoning written by Jonathan Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1982, this was an extensive and up-to-date review of research into the psychology of deductive reasoning, Jonathan Evans presents an alternative theoretical framework to the rationalist approach which had dominated much of the published work in this field at the time. The review falls into three sections. The first is concerned with elementary reasoning tasks, in which response latency is the prime measure of interest. The second and third sections are concerned with syllogistic and propositional reasoning respectively, in which interest has focused on the explanation of frequently observed logical errors. In an extended discussion it is argued that reasoning processes are content specific, and give little indication of the operation of any underlying system of logical competence. Finally, a dual process theory of reasoning, with broad implications and connections with other fields of psychology, is elaborated and assessed in the light of recent evidence.
Book Synopsis Processing interclausal Relationships by : Jean Costermans
Download or read book Processing interclausal Relationships written by Jean Costermans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 10 years, more and more linguistic and psycholinguistic research has been devoted to the study of discourse and written texts. Much of this research deals with the markers that underline the connections and the breaks between clauses and sentences plus the use of these markers -- by adults and children -- in the production and comprehension of oral and written material. In this volume, major observations and theoretical views from both sides of the Atlantic are brought together to appeal to a wide range of linguists, psychologists, and speech therapists. The volume presents contributions from researchers interested specifically in adult language and from others concerned with developmental aspects of language. Some contributors deal primarily with production, whereas others concentrate on comprehension. Some direct their attention to oral discourse while others focus on written texts. To preserve overall coherence, however, the contributors were given the following recommendations: * With regard to the level of linguistic analysis, the emphasis should be on the clause level -- more particularly, on the relationships between clauses. * Special emphasis should also be placed on linguistic markers (e.g., connectives, markers of segmentation, punctuation). * An overview of a given field of research should be offered, and current research should be put into perspective. * For contributors in the developmental field, attention should be paid to the fact that an account of the acquisition of some language functions throughout childhood should be included only if general principles of interclause relations that might be masked by the exclusive examination of adult evidence could be derived from it.
Book Synopsis The Development of Thinking and Reasoning by : Pierre Barrouillet
Download or read book The Development of Thinking and Reasoning written by Pierre Barrouillet and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking and reasoning are key activities for human beings. In this book a distinguished set of contributors provides a wide readership with up-to-date scientific advances in the developmental psychology of thinking and reasoning, both at the theoretical and empirical levels. The first part of the book illustrates how modern approaches to the study of thinking and reasoning have gone beyond the Piagetian legacy: through the investigation of avenues previously not explored, and by demonstrating that young children have higher capacities than was assumed within the Piagetian tradition. The second part focuses upon theoretical and empirical investigations of the interplay between logic and intuition in reasoning and decision making, and how these forms of thinking evolve with age, through the general framework of what is known as dual-process theories. Contrary to Piaget’s claim, it becomes apparent that elaborate adult reasoning could rely on some form of intuition. The Development of Thinking and Reasoning provides psychologists, educators and everyone interested in child development with an integrated and up-to-date series of chapters, written by prominent specialists in the areas of thinking, reasoning, and decision making.
Book Synopsis Advances in Engineering Design and Optimization III by : Guo Fu Li
Download or read book Advances in Engineering Design and Optimization III written by Guo Fu Li and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2012-10-26 with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the proceedings of the third International Conference on Engineering Design and Optimization (ICEDO 2012), held on May 25-27th 2012 in Shaoxing (P.R. China). Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). The 278 peer-reviewed papers are grouped into 4 chapters: Engineering Design - Theory and Practice; Product Design and Development; Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Optimization; Advanced Machining and Materials Processing Technology
Book Synopsis Probability and Statistics by : Cain Mckay
Download or read book Probability and Statistics written by Cain Mckay and published by Scientific e-Resources. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
