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The Missing Martyrs
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Book Synopsis The Missing Martyrs by : Charles Kurzman
Download or read book The Missing Martyrs written by Charles Kurzman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are there so few Muslim terrorists? With more than a billion Muslims in the world-many of whom supposedly hate the West and ardently desire martyrdom-why don't we see terrorist attacks every day? Where are the missing martyrs? These questions may seem counterintuitive, in light of the death and devastation that terrorists have wrought around the world. But the scale of violence, outside of civil war zones, has been far lower than the waves of attacks that the world feared in the wake of 9/11. Terrorists' own publications complain about Muslims' failure to join their cause. The Missing Martyrs draws on government sources and revolutionary publications, public opinion surveys and election results, historical documents and in-depth interviews with Muslims in the Middle East and around the world to examine barriers to terrorist recruitment, including liberal Islam, revolutionary rivalries, and an inelastic demand for U.S. foreign policy. This revised edition, updated to include the self-proclaimed "Islamic State," concludes that fear of terrorism should be brought into alignment with the actual level of threat, and that government policies and public opinion should be based on evidence rather than alarmist hyperbole.
Book Synopsis The Martyrs of Karbala by : Kamran Scot Aghaie
Download or read book The Martyrs of Karbala written by Kamran Scot Aghaie and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative study examines patterns of change in Shi’i symbols and rituals over the past two centuries to reveal how modernization has influenced the societal, political, and religious culture of Iran. Shi’is, who support the Prophet Mohammad’s progeny as his successors in opposition to the Sunni caliphate tradition, make up 10 to 15 percent of the world’s Muslim population, roughly half of whom live in Iran. Throughout the early history of the Islamic Middle East, the Sunnis have been associated with the state and the ruling elite, while Shi’is have most often represented the political opposition and have had broad appeal among the masses. Moharram symbols and rituals commemorate the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, in which the Prophet Mohammad’s grandson Hoseyn and most of his family and supporters were massacred by the troops of the Umayyad caliph Yazid. Moharram symbols and rituals are among the most pervasive and popular aspects of Iranian culture and society. This book traces patterns of continuity and change of Moharran symbols and rituals in three aspects of Iranian life: the importance of these rituals in promoting social bonds, status, identities, and ideals; ways in which the three major successive regimes (Qujars, Pahlavis, and the Islamic Republic), have either used these rituals to promote their legitimacy, or have suppressed them because they viewed them as a potential political threat; and the uses of Moharram symbolism by opposition groups interested in overthrowing the regime. While the patterns of government patronage have been radically discontinuous over the past two centuries, the roles of these rituals in popular society and culture have been relatively continuous or have evolved independently of the state. The political uses of modern-day rituals and the enduring symbolism of the Karbala narratives continue today.
Book Synopsis Mass Graves, Truth and Justice by : Ellie Smith
Download or read book Mass Graves, Truth and Justice written by Ellie Smith and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the world, mass graves, often containing a multitude of human remains, are sites of human loss, suffering and unimaginable acts of cruelty. While no one mass grave or its investigation is the same, all mass graves contain evidence that is essential to the realisation of justice and accountability goals for victims, affected communities, states in transition and the international community.
Book Synopsis Peter Martyr Vermigli and the European Reformations: Semper Reformanda by : Frank A. James
Download or read book Peter Martyr Vermigli and the European Reformations: Semper Reformanda written by Frank A. James and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays on Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-1562) not only demonstrate his shaping influence on Reformed Protestantism, but also illuminates some of his more important and provocative contributions to the various Reformations in sixteenth-century Europe, both Catholic and Protestant.
Download or read book Pseudo-martyr written by John Donne and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1993 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pseudo-Martyr was Donne's first published work and the only one he wrote as a lawyer. It is also an autobiographical document which reveals how Donne resolved his own lapse from Catholicism so that he could remain loyal to the king. A descendant of Thomas More's sister, Donne had inherited a rich tradition from the Counter-Reformation, which he sought to reconcile with the political absolutes of his day. Anthony Raspa provides a definitive critical edition of this long-neglected work, setting it in its historical context and making the forest of quotations and references given by Donne in the main body of the text and its margins intelligible to the modern reader.
Book Synopsis Desiring Martyrs by : Harry O. Maier
Download or read book Desiring Martyrs written by Harry O. Maier and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martyrs create space and time through the actions they take, the fate they suffer, the stories they prompt, the cultural narratives against which they take place and the retelling of their tales in different places and contexts. The title "Desiring Martyrs" is meant in two senses. First, it refers to protagonists and antagonists of the martyrdom narratives who as literary characters seek martyrs and the way they inscribe certain kinds of cultural and social desire. Second, it describes the later celebration of martyrs via narrative, martyrdom acts, monuments, inscriptions, martyria, liturgical commemoration, pilgrimage, etc. Here there is a cultural desire to tell or remember a particular kind of story about the past that serves particular communal interests and goals. By applying the spatial turn to these ancient texts the volume seeks to advance a still nascent social geographical understanding of emergent Christian and Jewish martyrdom. It explores how martyr narratives engage pre-existing time-space configurations to result in new appropriations of earlier traditions.
Book Synopsis Christ in the Night of Glory by : Sahba Publications
Download or read book Christ in the Night of Glory written by Sahba Publications and published by BookRix. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A book narrating the story of Ayatollah Khamenei’s visit to homes of Christian martyrs is translated into English to provide international readers with the chance to read the interesting events in the meetings. Since coming to office as president of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Khamenei has been frequently visiting the families of Iranian martyrs. While the majority of the meetings have been with the families of Muslim martyrs, a considerable part of it has been more significant as it has been about Christian martyrs. As two major religious minorities in Iran, Armenians and Assyrians have also been among Revolutionary demonstrators who toppled Shah and also among combatants who bravely fought against Saddam Hussein’s army during eight years of war to defend the Islamic Republic of Iran. About a year ago, a book titled as “Christ in the Night of Glory” was published in Iran which narrated the stories of several meetings of Ayatollah Khamenei with families of Christian martyrs. The book tells the story of visits made by Ayatollah Khamenei since 1984 when he was president of the time until early 2011 to the time of his leadership. The interesting point about the meetings is the surprising nature of it and the reaction of hosts when they realize that the Leader will go to their homes in few minutes. Each story begins with a short introduction of the martyr and then comes to the visit and the conversations made between the Leader of the Islamic Revolution and the martyr’s family members. This narrative theme actually makes the book more interesting and makes it a must-read. Now, nearly a year after its publication, and with Christmas and New Year time, and after a recent visit by Leader of the Revolution to an Assyrian martyr’s home, a translation of the book into English is published. “We cannot describe the incredible atmosphere of these intimate, affectionate, kind and emotional meetings in a few words; one must read them all. We may, however, say that the readers often find, when reading them, that tears fill their eyes: they are not tears of pity but of human love, admiration, empathy and appreciation,” describes English translator of the book Fazlollah Nikayin, continuing that “the other outstanding feature of these meetings is that most often the grief-stricken atmosphere in the house gradually changes and the bereaved family members, especially the mothers of the martyrs, are really consoled and feel a greater pride for their sons who fought and died for a patriotic, rightful cause.” According to the publisher, this translation into English from the original Persian will be sent to Armenia, Lebanon, Europe and the USA for the further knowledge of Armenians (and Assyrians) who were living in Iran since ancient times. Meanwhile, a number of the narrations and stories of the book along with their photos can be read on the website of it at sahbabooks.com.
Book Synopsis The Routledge History of Terrorism by : Randall D. Law
Download or read book The Routledge History of Terrorism written by Randall D. Law and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though the history of terrorism stretches back to the ancient world, today it is often understood as a recent development. Comprehensive enough to serve as a survey for students or newcomers to the field, yet with enough depth to engage the specialist, The Routledge History of Terrorism is the first single-volume authoritative reference text to place terrorism firmly into its historical context. Terrorism is a transnational phenomenon with a convoluted history that defies easy periodization and narrative treatment. Over the course of 32 chapters, experts in the field analyze its historical significance and explore how and why terrorism emerged as a set of distinct strategies, tactics, and mindsets across time and space. Chapters address not only familiar topics such as the Northern Irish Troubles, the Palestine Liberation Organization, international terrorism, and the rise of al-Qaeda, but also lesser-explored issues such as: American racial terrorism state terror and terrorism in the Middle Ages tyrannicide from Ancient Greece and Rome to the seventeenth century the roots of Islamist violence the urban guerrilla, terrorism, and state terror in Latin America literary treatments of terrorism. With an introduction by the editor explaining the book’s rationale and organization, as well as a guide to the definition of terrorism, an historiographical chapter analysing the historical approach to terrorism studies, and an eight-chapter section that explores critical themes in the history of terrorism, this book is essential reading for all those interested in the past, present, and future of terrorism.
Book Synopsis The Libyan Revolution and Its Aftermath by : Peter Cole
Download or read book The Libyan Revolution and Its Aftermath written by Peter Cole and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a novel, incisive and wide-ranging account of Libya's '17 February Revolution' by tracing how critical towns, communities and political groups helped to shape its course. Each community, whether geographical (e.g. Misrata, Zintan), tribal/communal (e.g. Beni Walid) or political (e.g. the Muslim Brotherhood) took its own path into the uprisings and subsequent conflict of 2011, according to their own histories and relationship to Muammar Qadhafi's regime. The story of each group is told by the authors, based on reportage and expert analysis, from the outbreak of protests in Benghazi in February 2011 through to the transitional period following the end of fighting in October 2011. They describe the emergence of Libya's new politics through the unique stories of those who made it happen, or those who fought against it. The Libyan Revolution and its Aftermath brings together leading journalists, academics, and specialists, each with extensive field experience amidst the constituencies they depict, drawing on interviews with fighters, politicians and civil society leaders who have contributed their own account of events to this volume.
Book Synopsis The Missing Martyrs by : Charles Kurzman
Download or read book The Missing Martyrs written by Charles Kurzman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are there so few Muslim terrorists? With more than a billion Muslims in the world-many of whom supposedly hate the West and ardently desire martyrdom-why don't we see terrorist attacks every day? Where are the missing martyrs? These questions may seem counterintuitive, in light of the death and devastation that terrorists have wrought around the world. But the scale of violence, outside of civil war zones, has been far lower than the waves of attacks that the world feared in the wake of 9/11. Terrorists' own publications complain about Muslims' failure to join their cause. The Missing Martyrs draws on government sources and revolutionary publications, public opinion surveys and election results, historical documents and in-depth interviews with Muslims in the Middle East and around the world to examine barriers to terrorist recruitment, including liberal Islam, revolutionary rivalries, and an inelastic demand for U.S. foreign policy. This revised edition, updated to include the self-proclaimed "Islamic State," concludes that fear of terrorism should be brought into alignment with the actual level of threat, and that government policies and public opinion should be based on evidence rather than alarmist hyperbole.
Book Synopsis The Roman Martyrs by : Michael Lapidge
Download or read book The Roman Martyrs written by Michael Lapidge and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roman Martyrs contains translations of forty Latin passiones of saints who were martyred in Rome or its near environs, during the period before the peace of the Church (c. 312). Some of the Roman martyrs are universally known-SS. Agnes, Sebastian or Laurence, for example-but others are scarcely recognized outside the ecclesiastical landscape of Rome itself. Each of the translated passiones is accompanied by an individual introduction and commentary; the translations are preceded by an Introduction which describes the principal features of this little-known genre of Christian literature, and are followed by five Appendices which present translated texts which are essential for understanding the cult of Roman martyrs. This volume offers the first collection of the Roman passiones martyrum translated into a modern language. They were mostly composed during the period 425-675, by anonymous authors who were presumably clerics of the Roman churches or cemeteries which housed the martyrs' remains. It is clear that they were composed in response to the explosion of pilgrim traffic to martyrial shrines from the late fourth century onwards, at a time when authentic records (protocols) of their trials and executions had long since vanished, and the authors of the passiones were obliged to imagine the circumstances in which martyrs were tried and executed. The passiones are works of fiction; and because they abound in ludicrous errors of chronology, they have been largely ignored by historians of the early Church. Although they cannot be used as evidence for the original martyrdoms, they nevertheless allow a fascinating glimpse of the concerns which animated Christians during the period in question: for example, the preservation of virginity, or the ever-present threat posed by pagan practices. As certain aspects of Roman life will have changed little between the second century and the fifth, the passiones shed valuable light on many aspects of Roman society, not least the nature of a trial before an urban prefect, and the horrendous tortures which were a central feature of such trials. The passiones are an indispensable resource for understanding the topography of late antique Rome and its environs, as they characteristically contain detailed reference to the places where the martyrs were tried, executed, and buried.
Book Synopsis St Martyr Tryphon (with Falcon) by : Anna A. Markova
Download or read book St Martyr Tryphon (with Falcon) written by Anna A. Markova and published by Vladimir Djambov. This book was released on with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Wealth without work Pleasure without conscience Science without humanity Knowledge without character Politics without principle Commerce without morality Worship without sacrifice. https://vidjambov.blogspot.com/2023/01/book-inventory-vladimir-djambov-talmach.html
Book Synopsis Unburied Memories: The Politics of Bodies of Sacred Defense Martyrs in Iran by : Pedram Khosronejad
Download or read book Unburied Memories: The Politics of Bodies of Sacred Defense Martyrs in Iran written by Pedram Khosronejad and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, almost a generation has passed since the Iran–Iraq war and the memory of it is set to diminish with each passing generation. The following questions emerge. Can we say that the gradual disappearance of war’s memory means that, increasingly, Iranians will see the Iran–Iraq war solely as an historical event? How can we defend or reject this idea? Today, with which elements and values should we look at the Iran–Iraq war memorials and ceremonies? To what extent will war museums and materials culture be influenced by these new values? In the period during and immediately after the Iran–Iraq war (1980-88), national bereavement and commemoration of martyrs was neither apparent in common state policy nor a social need. Even at the turn of the 21st century, anyone walking through Iranian cities, many of which had been the main scene of the bloody massacre and direct targets of the Iraqi Republican Guard, will have found traces of the terrible, almost unimaginable, human losses. However, today’s Iranians can see modern war memorials and monuments in many parts of the urban and rural landscape. Yet, at the same time, the changing landscape has separated Iranians from such remnants of the violence. It can be argued that many people, in their wish to look forward to a more hopeful future, do not wish to be reminded of this period in Iranian history. This book was originally published as a special issue of Visual Anthropology.
Book Synopsis Martyrdom and Terrorism by : Dominic Janes
Download or read book Martyrdom and Terrorism written by Dominic Janes and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, terrorism has become closely associated with martyrdom in the minds of many terrorists and in the view of nations around the world. In Islam, martyrdom is mostly conceived as "bearing witness" to faith and God. Martyrdom is also central to the Christian tradition, not only in the form of Christ's Passion or saints faced with persecution and death, but in the duty to lead a good and charitable life. In both religions, the association of religious martyrdom with political terror has a long and difficult history. The essays of this volume illuminate this history--following, for example, Christian martyrdom from its origins in the Roman world, to the experience of the deaths of "terrorist" leaders of the French Revolution, to parallels in the contemporary world--and explore historical parallels among Islamic, Christian, and secular traditions. Featuring essays from eminent scholars in a wide range of disciplines, Martyrdom and Terrorism provides a timely comparative history of the practices and discourses of terrorism and martyrdom from antiquity to the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Justin, Philosopher and Martyr by : Denis Minns
Download or read book Justin, Philosopher and Martyr written by Denis Minns and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-08-13 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Justin Martyr (c.100-165) was one of the key apologists of the Early Church. Oxford Early Christian Texts presents a new critical edition of the Greek text of the Apologies with introduction, English translation, and textual commentary. Editors Denis Minns and Paul Parvis take a searching look at the text transmitted by the single fourteenth-century manuscript containing the works of Justin. They attempt to see behind the work of the Byzantine editor, and his predecessors, who sought to make sense of the badly damaged text before them. The commentary is designed not merely to annotate the text but to identify and draw out Justin's train of thought and the structure of his argument. It explains the readings adopted in the text by setting Justin's Greek within his Christian, Hellenistic, and philosophical contexts. The introduction traces the complex history of the text in manuscript and print and discusses the puzzling relationship of the Second Apology to the First, and suggests a new solution. Justin is located against the background of the diversity of Christianity in the second century. A new understanding of Justin emerges from this work. His thought is often sharper, and his language more pointed than has been recognised, and the difficulty of the task he set himself of bridging the enormous gap between two cultures is clearly shown.
Book Synopsis The Martyrdom of the Franciscans by : Christopher MacEvitt
Download or read book The Martyrdom of the Franciscans written by Christopher MacEvitt and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While hagiographies tell of Christian martyrs who have died in an astonishing number of ways and places, slain by members of many different groups, martyrdom in a Franciscan context generally meant death at Muslim hands; indeed, in Franciscan discourse, "death by Saracen" came to rival or even surpass other definitions of what made a martyr. The centrality of Islam to Franciscan conceptions of martyrdom becomes even more apparent—and problematic—when we realize that many of the martyr narratives were largely invented. Franciscan authors were free to choose the antagonist they wanted, Christopher MacEvitt observes, and they almost always chose Muslims. However, martyrdom in Franciscan accounts rarely leads to conversion of the infidel, nor is it accompanied, as is so often the case in earlier hagiographical accounts, by any miraculous manifestation. If the importance of preaching to infidels was written into the official Franciscan Rule of Order, the Order did not demonstrate much interest in conversion, and the primary efforts of friars in Muslim lands were devoted to preaching not to the native populations but to the Latin Christians—mercenaries, merchants, and captives—living there. Franciscan attitudes toward conversion and martyrdom changed dramatically in the beginning of the fourteenth century, however, when accounts of the martyrdom of four Franciscans said to have died while preaching in India were written. The speed with which the accounts of their martyrdom spread had less to do with the world beyond Christendom than with ecclesiastical affairs within, MacEvitt contends. The Martyrdom of the Franciscans shows how, for Franciscans, martyrdom accounts could at once offer veiled critique of papal policies toward the Order, a substitute for the rigorous pursuit of poverty, and a symbolic way to overcome Islam by denying Muslims the solace of conversion.
Book Synopsis Iraq in Wartime by : Dina Rizk Khoury
Download or read book Iraq in Wartime written by Dina Rizk Khoury and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "When US-led forces invaded Iraq in 2003, they occupied a country that had been at war for 23 years. Yet in their attempts to understand Iraqi society and history, few policy makers, analysts and journalists took into account the profound impact that Iraq's long engagement with war had on the Iraqis' everyday engagement with politics, the business of managing their daily lives, and their cultural imagination. Drawing on government documents and interviews, Dina Rizk Khoury traces the political, social and cultural processes of the normalization of war in Iraq during the last twenty-three years of Ba'thist rule. Khoury argues that war was a form of everyday bureaucratic governance and examines the Iraqi government's policies of creating consent, managing resistance and religious diversity, and shaping public culture. Coming on the tenth anniversary of the US-led invasion of Iraq, this book tells a multilayered story of a society in which war has become the norm"--
