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Author : Orhan Gunduz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Surface and Subsurface Flow and Contaminant Transport Modeling in Lower Altamaha Watershed written by Orhan Gunduz and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Orhan Gunduz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 934 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (556 download)
Download or read book Coupled Flow and Contaminant Transport Modeling in Large Watersheds written by Orhan Gunduz and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hybrid surface/subsurface flow and transport model is developed that blends distributed parameter models with simpler lumped parameter models. The hybrid model solves the channel flow and saturated groundwater flow domains in continuous time using fully distributed physically-based formulations. This system is supplemented with the overland flow and unsaturated groundwater flow that uses lumped parameter descriptions in discrete time. In the proposed model, a one-dimensional channel flow model is dynamically coupled with a two-dimensional vertically-averaged groundwater flow model along the river bed. As an alternative to the commonly applied iterative solution technique, a so-called simultaneous solution procedure is developed to provide a better understanding to the coupled flow problem. This new methodology is based on the principle of solving the two flow domains within a single matrix structure in a simultaneous manner. In addition to the flow model, a coupled contaminant transport model is also developed to simulate the migration of contaminants between surface and subsurface domains. The contaminant transport model dynamically couples a one-dimensional channel transport model with a two-dimensional vertically-averaged groundwater transport model. The coupling is performed at the river bed interface via advective and dispersive transport mechanisms. A modified extension of the proposed simultaneous solution procedure is also implemented to solve the coupled contaminant transport problem. The dynamic coupling provides the much needed understanding for the continuity of contaminants in strongly interacting surface/subsurface systems such as a river and an unconfined aquifer. The coupled flow and transport models are applied to the lower Altamaha watershed in southern Georgia. The flow model is used to perform simulations of hydrologic and hydraulic conditions along the river and in the dynamically linked surfacial aquifer. The model predicted the flood patterns including the magnitude of peaks and their arrival times with accuracy. Under the given flow conditions, the transport model is then implemented to test alternative contaminant transport patterns both in the river and within the aquifer. It has been found that the channel network would serve as a conduit for rapid transport of contaminants within the aquifer to large distances in small time frames.
Author : Zhiguo He
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Flow, Sediment, and Contaminant Transport in Integrated Surface-subsurface Systems written by Zhiguo He and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydro-system within a watershed includes many environmental processes, such as rainfall, runoff, groundwater flow, infiltration, evapotranspiration, recharge, upland erosion, sediment transport, and contaminant transport. In order to investigate these processes and evaluate their effects on water environments, numerical models have been recognized as an increasingly efficient and effective tool. Due to the natural intrinsic connections between surface and subsurface waters, modeling of flow, upland soil erosion, and contaminant transport should be considered as an integrated system. This dissertation has developed a physically-based integrated numerical model for flow, sediment, and contaminant transport in the surface-subsurface system. In this model, the surface flow is calculated using a depth-averaged 2-D diffusion wave model, and the variably saturated subsurface flow is computed using the 3-D mixed-form Richards equation. Interactions between surface and subsurface flows are considered using the continuity conditions of the pressure head and exchange flux at the ground surface. A general form of the surface flow equation based on the diffusion wave approximation is developed, which is intrinsically coupled with the variably saturated subsurface flow equation. The upland soil erosion and transport model employs the concept of nonequilibrium that considers both erosion and deposition. The model simulates nonuniform total-load sediment transport, with detachments from rainsplash and/or hydraulic erosion driven by overland flow. Contaminant transports in both surface and subsurface domains are described using advection-diffusion equations. The model considers the sediment sorption and desorption of the contaminant, as well as contaminant exchanges between surface and subsurface due to infiltration, diffusion, and bed change. The integrated numerical model is evaluated by simulating several published laboratory- and field-scale experiments. It is further applied to compute flow discharge, sediment and pesticide concentration during storm events in the Deep Hollow Lake watershed, Mississippi. The sensitivity analysis of the model is also performed using different values for several model parameters. The results have shown that the integrated model framework is capable of simulating the rainfall-runoff related hydrological processes in natural surface-subsurface systems.
Author : Claudia Valenzuela
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Application of HSPF to the Lower Altamaha River Basin written by Claudia Valenzuela and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George Yeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (455 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Model Simulating Water Flow and Contaminant and Sediment Transport in WAterSHed Systems of 1-D Stream-river Network, 2-D Overland Regime, and 3-D Subsurface Media (WASH123D: Version 1.0) written by George Yeh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the development of a numerical model simulating water flow and contaminant and sediment transport in watershed systems of one-dimensional river/stream network, two-dimensional overland regime, and three-dimensional sub surface media. The model is composed of two modules: flow and transport. Three options are provided in modeling the flow module in river/stream network and overland regime: the kinematic wave approach, diffusion wave approach, and dynamic wave approach. The kinematic and diffusion wave approaches are known to be numerically robust in terms of numerical convergency and stability; i.e., they can generate convergent and stable simulations over a wide range of ground surface slopes in the entire watershed. The question is the accuracy of these simulations. The kinematic wave approach usually produces accurate solutions only over the region of steep slopes. The diffusion wave approach normally gives accurate solutions over the region of mild to steep slopes. However, neither approach has the ability to yield accurate solutions over the region of small slopes, in which the inertial forces are no longer negligible compared to the gravitational forces. The kinematic wave approach cannot address the problems of backwater effects. On the other hand, a dynamic wave approach, having included all forces, can theoretically have the potential to generate accurate simulations over all ranges of slopes in a watershed. The subsurface flow is described by Richard's equation where water flow through saturated-unsaturated porous media is accounted for.
Author : Orhan Gunduz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Simultaneous Solution Approach for Coupled Surface and Subsurface Flow Modeling written by Orhan Gunduz and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vijay P. Singh
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420037439
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Watershed Models written by Vijay P. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watershed modeling is at the heart of modern hydrology, supplying rich information that is vital to addressing resource planning, environmental, and social problems. Even in light of this important role, many books relegate the subject to a single chapter while books devoted to modeling focus only on a specific area of application. Recognizing the
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (455 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Model Simulating Water Flow and Contaminant and Sediment Transport in WAterSHed Systems of 1-D Stream-River Network, 2-D Overland Regime, and 3-D Subsurface Media (WASH123D: Version 1.0). written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the development of a numerical model simulating water flow and contaminant and sediment transport in watershed systems of one-dimensional river/stream network, two-dimensional overland regime, and three-dimensional sub surface media. The model is composed of two modules: flow and transport. Three options are provided in modeling the flow module in river/stream network and overland regime: the kinematic wave approach, diffusion wave approach, and dynamic wave approach. The kinematic and diffusion wave approaches are known to be numerically robust in terms of numerical convergency and stability; i.e., they can generate convergent and stable simulations over a wide range of ground surface slopes in the entire watershed. The question is the accuracy of these simulations. The kinematic wave approach usually produces accurate solutions only over the region of steep slopes. The diffusion wave approach normally gives accurate solutions over the region of mild to steep slopes. However, neither approach has the ability to yield accurate solutions over the region of small slopes, in which the inertial forces are no longer negligible compared to the gravitational forces. The kinematic wave approach cannot address the problems of backwater effects. On the other hand, a dynamic wave approach, having included all forces, can theoretically have the potential to generate accurate simulations over all ranges of slopes in a watershed. The subsurface flow is described by Richard's equation where water flow through saturated-unsaturated porous media is accounted for.
Author : Karl Bandilla
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (611 download)
Download or read book Large Scale Groundwater Flow and Contaminant Transport Modeling written by Karl Bandilla and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work introduces a combination of the vertically integrated Analytic Element and deterministic Streamline methods for watershed-scale groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling. This new method combines the Analytic Element Method's ability of modeling large spatial domains while preserving stream-scale details, with the conceptional elegance of the Streamline method. Both methods allow for parallel processing in order to reduce model run-times. The intended use of this new method is the study of non-point source contaminant transport on the watershed scale (e.g., nutrient loading to surface water from agricultural fields). A new iterative Analytic Element Method algorithm is devised for solving 2D steady-state groundwater flow models containing large numbers of head-specified elements (e.g. rivers and lakes).^The new algorithm improves convergence of models containing head-specified elements by explicitly computing fluxes of all such features at the start of each iteration. The new algorithm alsoenables the use of efficient parallel processing on distributed-memory super-computers. The combination of parallel processing and reduced number of iterations significantly extends the size and complexity of problems that can be modeled using the Analytic Element Method. The vertically integrated Analytic Element Method flow solution is used to construct three-dimensional particle tracks that define the geometry of the Streamline Method by approximating vertical flow. The inherently parallel nature of the algorithm supports the development of reactive transport models for spatial domains much larger than current grid-based methods.^The applicability of the new approach is verified for cases with negligible transverse dispersion through comparisons to analytic solutions and existing numerical solutions, and parallel performance is demonstrated through a realistic test problem based on the regional-scale transport of agricultural contaminants from spatially distributed sources.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Modeling Subsurface Contaminant Reactions and Transport at the Watershed Scale written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this research are: (1) to numerically examine the multiscale effects of physical and chemical mass transfer processes on watershed scale, variably saturated subsurface contaminant transport, and (2) to conduct numerical simulations on watershed scale reactive solute transport and evaluate their implications to uncertainty characterization and cost benefit analysis. Concurrent physical and chemical nonequilibrium caused by inter aggregate gradients of pressure head and solute concentration and intra-aggregate geochemical and microbiological processes, respectively, may arise at various scales and flowpaths. To this date, experimental investigations of these complex processes at watershed scale remain a challenge and numerical studies are often needed for guidance of water resources management and decision making. This research integrates the knowledge bases developed during previous experimental and numerical investigations at a proposed waste disposal site at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to study the concurrent effects of physical and chemical nonequilibrium. Comparison of numerical results with field data indicates that: (1) multiregion, preferential flow and solute transport exist under partially saturated condition and can be confirmed theoretically, and that (2) mass transfer between pore regions is an important process influencing contaminant movement in the subsurface. Simulations of watershed scale, multi species reactive solute transport suggest that dominance of geochemistry and hydrodynamics may occur simultaneously at different locales and influence the movement of one species relative to another. Execution times on the simulations of the reactive solute transport model also indicate that the model is ready to assist the selection of important parameters for site characterization.
Author : George Yeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (397 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Model Simulating Flow, Contaminant, and Sediment Transport in Watershed Systems (WASH12D) written by George Yeh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the development of a numerical model simulating water flow, contaminant transport, and sediment transport in watershed systems. The model is composed of two modules: flow and transport. Three options are provided in modeling the flow module in river/stream network and overland regime: the kinematic wave approach, diffusion wave approach, and dynamic wave approach. The kinematic and diffusion wave approaches are known to be numerically robust in terms of numerical convergency and stability, i.e., they can generate convergent and stable simulations over a wide range of ground surface slopes in the entire watershed. The question is the accuracy of these simulations. The kinematic wave approach usually produces accurate solutions only over the region of steep slopes. The diffusion wave approach normally gives accurate solutions over the region of mild to steep slopes. However, neither approach has the ability to yield accurate solutions over the region of small slopes, in which the inertial forces are no longer negligible compared with the gravitational forces. The kinematic wave approach cannot even address the problems of backwater effects. On the other hand, a dynamic wave approach, having included all forces, can theoretically have the potential to generate accurate simulations over all ranges of slopes in a watershed. A total of eight groups of example problems were given in this report to demonstrate the capability of this model. Continuing work is underway to incorporate a three-dimensional subsurface flow and chemical transport model into this watershed model. The Richards' equation and advection-dispersion reactive chemical transport equations will form the basis to simulate the subsurface flow and chemical transport module in saturated-unsaturated media.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Model Simulating Flow, Contaminant, and Sediment Transport in Watershed Systems (WASH12D). written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the development of a numerical model simulating water flow, contaminant transport, and sediment transport in watershed systems. The model is composed of two modules: flow and transport. Three options are provided in modeling the flow module in river/stream network and overland regime: the kinematic wave approach, diffusion wave approach, and dynamic wave approach. The kinematic and diffusion wave approaches are known to be numerically robust in terms of numerical convergency and stability, i.e., they can generate convergent and stable simulations over a wide range of ground surface slopes in the entire watershed. The question is the accuracy of these simulations. The kinematic wave approach usually produces accurate solutions only over the region of steep slopes. The diffusion wave approach normally gives accurate solutions over the region of mild to steep slopes. However, neither approach has the ability to yield accurate solutions over the region of small slopes, in which the inertial forces are no longer negligible compared with the gravitational forces. The kinematic wave approach cannot even address the problems of backwater effects. On the other hand, a dynamic wave approach, having included all forces, can theoretically have the potential to generate accurate simulations over all ranges of slopes in a watershed. A total of eight groups of example problems were given in this report to demonstrate the capability of this model. Continuing work is underway to incorporate a three-dimensional subsurface flow and chemical transport model into this watershed model. The Richards' equation and advection-dispersion reactive chemical transport equations will form the basis to simulate the subsurface flow and chemical transport module in saturated-unsaturated media.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Development of a Distributed Watershed Contaminant Transport, Transformation and Fate (CTT & F) Sub-Module for Military Installations written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many U.S. Department of Defense installations contain soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater environments contaminated with explosives and energetics. Modeling as part of watershed management to meet water quality goals is not new but most current models were developed and tested two decades ago. Watershed models are largely confined to lumped and semi-distributed surface water simulation. Models that reflect hydrologic and aquatic impacts from military conditions are rare. Watershed models that enable diagnostic, predictive, and operational applications in conjunction with monitoring and data collection programs are virtually non-existent across the board and are urgently needed within the scientific and modeling communities. To meet this need a physically based, distributed source Contaminant Transport, Transformation and Fate (CTT & F) sub-module was developed by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, to simulate point and non-point sources across a watershed. The model operates on a cell by cell basis. Soil types, land uses, and other hydrologic characteristics can be varied spatially among cells. Potential chemicals are routed through the cells from the watershed divide to the outlet. The distributed, process-oriented structure of the model can be used for identifying critical source areas of non-point sources within the watershed, and can give insight on both the persistence and fate of explosives. The expectation is that a model of this type is able to quantify transport and transformation of multiple contaminants and can facilitate the assessment of the fate of distributed sources and lead to better management of the watershed environment for military installations. CTT & F can be linked to any distributed hydrologic model, assuming the hydrologic model provides the required flow and sediment transport fluxes. The ability of the model to simulate explosives in watersheds is demonstrated by a test case study in the laboratory environment.
Author : F. Richard Hauer
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080547435
Total Pages : 894 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Methods in Stream Ecology written by F. Richard Hauer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-27 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Stream Ecology, Second Edition, provides a complete series of field and laboratory protocols in stream ecology that are ideal for teaching or conducting research. This updated edition reflects recent advances in the technology associated with ecological assessment of streams, including remote sensing. In addition, the relationship between stream flow and alluviation has been added, and a new chapter on riparian zones is also included. The book features exercises in each chapter; detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae, and data sheets for in-field research for students; and taxanomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae. With a student-friendly price, this book is key for all students and researchers in stream and freshwater ecology, freshwater biology, marine ecology, and river ecology. This text is also supportive as a supplementary text for courses in watershed ecology/science, hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and landscape ecology. Exercises in each chapter Detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae, and data sheets for in-field research for students Taxanomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae Link from Chapter 22: FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION to an interactive program for assessing and modeling fish numbers
Author : Jose A. Amador
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0891189688
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Soil-based Wastewater Treatment written by Jose A. Amador and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our book addresses the needs of practitioners, engineers, scientists, regulators, resource managers, planners, and others with a need to know about septic systems. It arose after discussions about the need for a text that integrated current understanding of the hydrologic, physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in the treatment of wastewater using soil. In our experience, people working with septic systems – ourselves included – have a fragmented understanding of what these systems are, how they function, how wastewater moves through soil, how and which pollutants are removed, and how these systems impact the environment and public health. The relevant information is scattered across disciplines, information sources and audiences. This book is an attempt to collect and integrate this information in one place, and provide a scientific framework for understanding soil-based wastewater treatment.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book National Water Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kaarina Weckström
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402409904
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies written by Kaarina Weckström and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this edited volume is to introduce the scientific community to paleoenvironmental studies of estuaries, to highlight the types of information that can be obtained from such studies, and to promote the use of paleoenvironmental studies in estuarine management. Readers will learn about the the application of different paleoecological approaches used in estuaries that develop our understanding of their response to natural and human influences. Particular attention is given to the essential steps required for undertaking a paleoecological study, in particular with regard to site selection, core extraction and chronological techniques, followed by the range of indicators that can be used. A series of case studies are discussed in the book to demonstrate how paleoecological studies can be used to address key questions, and to sustainably manage these important coastal environments in the future. This book will appeal to professional scientists interested in estuarine studies and/or paleoenvironmental research, as well as estuarine managers who are interested in the incorporation of paleoenvironmental research into their management programs.
