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Subsidies In International Trade
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Book Synopsis Subsidies in International Trade by : Gary Clyde Hufbauer
Download or read book Subsidies in International Trade written by Gary Clyde Hufbauer and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1984 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to explain and analyze both the concepts underlying the subsidy problem and the most important of the issues involved.
Book Synopsis Subsidies and International Trade by : J. Bourgeois
Download or read book Subsidies and International Trade written by J. Bourgeois and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-11-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a first attempt to come to grips with legal and policy issues of subsidies in international trade in a public discussion in the European Community by academics, private practitioners and public servants.
Book Synopsis Subsidies and Countervailing Measures : Understanding the International Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and Related Provisions of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of 1979 by : Andrew L. Stoler
Download or read book Subsidies and Countervailing Measures : Understanding the International Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and Related Provisions of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of 1979 written by Andrew L. Stoler and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Subsidies in the Context of the WTO's Free Trade System by : Gurwinder Singh
Download or read book Subsidies in the Context of the WTO's Free Trade System written by Gurwinder Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses subsidies from various perspectives and creates a model that determines whether or not their use is justified. Further, it analyses the various causes of trade distortion, trade-discriminatory practices, and other issues associated with unregulated subsidies. In addition, the book considers how these issues fall within the scope of subsidies described under the SCM Agreement. The primary discussion from the perspective of WTO objective concerns the trade practice of awarding subsidies, for exports and also for protectionist purposes. Here, the terms justifiable and non-justifiable are used as hypothetical parameters to determine the extent of state support, considering the country classification based on economic and technological criteria, and their objectives for development. These parameters are distinct from Prohibited, Actionable, and Non-Actionable subsidies, as classified under the SCM Agreement. Subsidies awarded for the purposes of development and for welfare are considered as justifiable, whereas subsidies for the promotion of exports or state measures adopted for protectionist purposes are non-justifiable. Lastly, the book addresses the implications of such subsidies on the core objectives of the WTO and in connection with fair trade values.
Book Synopsis Industrial Subsidies and Friction in World Trade by : Rambod Behboodi
Download or read book Industrial Subsidies and Friction in World Trade written by Rambod Behboodi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1994-10-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National industrial subsidies are a major irritant in international trading relations. There have been many attempts to curb the damaging effects of subsidies on the international trading order; most have met with stiff oppostion and mixed success. Today the combination of industrial subsidies and the countervailing duties intended to combat them p
Book Synopsis The Law of Subsidies Under the GATT/WTO System by : Marc Benitah
Download or read book The Law of Subsidies Under the GATT/WTO System written by Marc Benitah and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2001-11-12 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work on the law of subsidies has been long-awaited by many actors in international trade. With its introduction of the concept of 'attenuation' of entitlement, Marc Benitah's utterly new analysis alters our understanding of the international economic law of subsidies - and its future invocation and jurisprudence - forever. The issue of subsidies is arguably the predominant theme, at this moment, in international economic law, and a consistent approach to the legal treatment of subsidies is urgently needed. In Professor Benitah's view, the answer lies in the recognition that entitlements granted to a party seeking to defend itself against the `adverse effects' of subsidies must be `attenuated' in order to avoid undesirable economic and social consequences. In the various techniques of attenuation - thoroughly described and analyzed in this book - may be found the unifying thread on which a logical, coherent law of subsidies may be strung. Why techniques of attenuation are intimately linked to the birth of past and future legal disputes relating to subsidies Why significant techniques of attenuation (e.g. taking into account the positive impact of a subsidy on consumers) have not arisen in the GATT/WTO context Why much recent theoretical debate on the concept of 'distortion' has not led to a breakthrough in the law of subsidies Why attenuations favouring developing countries are surprisingly legally vulnerable in practice Why deliberate recourse to techniques of attenuation necessitates their continuing clarification through a case law process. By referring to the legal materials of both the GATT 1947 and the WTO systems at each point in his demonstration, Professor Benitah lays a substantial groundwork for determining innovative WTO norms.
Book Synopsis International Trade Subsidy Rules and Tax and Financial Export Incentives by : Paulo Penteado Neto
Download or read book International Trade Subsidy Rules and Tax and Financial Export Incentives written by Paulo Penteado Neto and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Trade Subsidy Rules and Tax and Financial Export Incentives is an inquiry into the interrelations between international trade subsidy rules and the use of tax and financial export incentives by developing countries. Its central claim is that developing countries should be allowed to adopt - based on their right to development - certain such incentives without violating the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules concerning subsidies. It advances the idea that the right to development of developing and least-developed countries (LDCs) entitles them to use tax and financial export incentives vis--vis comparatively more developed nations. However, in order to actualize this right, the existing WTO regulations must go through a process of revision. This process should craft an exception, available exclusively to developing countries and LDCs, allowing them to apply fiscal and financial export incentives against countries with a higher level of development, without being accused of granting prohibited subsidies. As a result of this policy reform, the WTO itself would incorporate development and fair/just trade concerns into its regulatory framework, providing an exceptional treatment for a patently exceptional situation. In doing so, the WTO would be contributing to a more equal international trade scene and a more developed and freer world.
Book Synopsis Subsidy Issues in International Commerce by : Geoffrey R. Denton
Download or read book Subsidy Issues in International Commerce written by Geoffrey R. Denton and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Regulation of Subsidies Within the General Agreement on Trade in Services of the WTO by : Pietro Poretti
Download or read book The Regulation of Subsidies Within the General Agreement on Trade in Services of the WTO written by Pietro Poretti and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) extends the multilateral trading system to services. Little is said In the GATS about subsidies, beyond stipulating that subsidies are subject to the existing provisions, including the most-favoured-nation and national-treatment principles, and that Members shall enter into negotiations with a view to developing the disciplines necessary to avoid the trade distorting effects of subsidies." "This timely book provides a comprehensive analysis of services subsidies under the GATS. It begins with a description of services and trade in services, and of the salient characteristics that make regulation of services subsidies more complex than those associated with agricultural and industrial goods. It then analyzes the economic arguments underpinning the need for regulation, as well as the need for governments to retain sufficient latitude to implement non-trade-related policy measures. A description of the information available on services subsidies is followed by a classification of services subsidies according to their distortive effects, and by a detailed analysis of those elements that may form a definition of services subsidies for the purpose of a future regulatory framework." "A key section is devoted to the analysis of those existing provisions of the GATS that may exert a certain measure of discipline on services subsidies, and to the question of the desirability and technical feasibility of countervailing measures. Rules on services subsidies contained in regional trade agreements and the need for special and differential treatment for services subsidies by developing countries are also discussed. Finally, and prior to the conclusion, two sectoral studies deal with the question of subsidies aimed at attracting foreign direct investment and subsidies to the audiovisual sector." "This work represents the first extensive and comprehensive analysis of the issue of services subsidies in the context of the GATS, and includes numerous references to relevant European Union State Aid legislation and jurisprudence." --Book Jacket.
Book Synopsis Subsidies to Chinese Industry by : Usha C.V. Haley
Download or read book Subsidies to Chinese Industry written by Usha C.V. Haley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government subsidies have contributed to China's success as manufacturer and exporter in capital-intensive industries. China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to stabilize and create common understandings of markets among governments and firms.
Book Synopsis WTO Disciplines on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures by : Dominic Coppens
Download or read book WTO Disciplines on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures written by Dominic Coppens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the WTO leave appropriate policy space to its Members to pursue legitimate objectives, such as the economic development of developing countries, the conversion to a greener economy, or recovery in times of a global economic downturn? This legal and normative analysis of the WTO rules on subsidies and countervailing measures sheds light on why governments resort to subsidization and, by tracing the historical origins of the SCM Agreement and the Agreement on Agriculture, on why they have been willing to gradually confine their policy space. This sets the stage for a systematic and comprehensive legal analysis of both agreements, which integrates the vast amount of case law and proposals tabled in the Doha round. A separate case study explores the complex rules on export credit support, and the book closes with an in-depth normative assessment of these WTO rules on subsidies and countervailing measures.
Book Synopsis Subsidies and International Trade by :
Download or read book Subsidies and International Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Subsidies in World Fisheries by : Matteo Milazzo
Download or read book Subsidies in World Fisheries written by Matteo Milazzo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past six years, the world's fishery sector has reached a turning point with global fish production reaching a plateau of approximately 100 million tons annually. While aquaculture output continued to grow, yields from capture fisheries were uneven and showed increasing signs of stagnation because of widespread overfishing and overcapitalization, ineffective management, deteriorating resource health, declining or flat global harvests, and inefficient economic and trade policies. This paper examines the role of subsidies in fisheries.
Book Synopsis International Trade and Industrial Policies by : Steven Joshua Warnecke
Download or read book International Trade and Industrial Policies written by Steven Joshua Warnecke and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-06-17 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Subsidies by : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Download or read book Government Subsidies written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-09-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Book Synopsis The Challenge of Reducing Subsidies and Trade Barriers by : Kym Anderson
Download or read book The Challenge of Reducing Subsidies and Trade Barriers written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is one of 10 studies for the Copenhagen Consensus Project that sought to evaluate the most feasible opportunities to improve welfare globally and alleviate poverty in developing countries. Anderson argues that phasing out distortionary government subsidies and barriers to international trade will yield an extraordinarily high benefit-cost ratio. A survey is provided of recent estimates using global economywide simulation models of the benefits of doing that by way of the current Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations. Even if adjustment costs are several times as large as suggested by available estimates, the benefit-cost ratio from seizing this opportunity exceeds 20. That is much higher than the rewards from regional or bilateral trade agreements or from providing preferential access for least-developed countries' exports to high-income countries. Such reform would simultaneously contribute to alleviating several of the other key challenges reflected in the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis The WTO Law of Subsidies by : Marc Benitah
Download or read book The WTO Law of Subsidies written by Marc Benitah and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsidies are arguably the dominant theme in International Economic Law. A prolific case law has been elaborated by WTO Panels and Appellate Body in response to the multitude of complaints lodged in the past two decades (Softwood Lumber, Airbus, Boeing, etc.) Unfortunately, it is possible to be overwhelmed by the complexity of this case law. This book provides a comprehensive approach in response to this complexity. First, it avoids unnecessary legal jargon, making it accessible to a large public. Second, it adopts a comprehensive and progressive approach where legal subtleties are not avoided but presented at the right moment and the right place. The reader is therefore not overwhelmed from the outset by a multitude of details. The first Part of the book adopts the perspective of a WTO Member seeking to counter an alleged subsidy granted by another Member. To this end, this first Part scans and analyzes in detail all WTO Agreements, containing cumulative disciplines and remedies relating to subsidies. Therefore, it is not only the SCM Agreement that is scanned and analyzed but also the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), GATT 1994, and even the 1980 Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft (ATCA). The second Part of the book adopts the perspective of a WTO Member accused of granting subsidies violating subsidies disciplines.To this end, an original classification is offered of the various strategies that can be used by this Member. For this purpose, a distinction is made between the “threshold strategy” where the existence of a challengeable subsidy is recused from the outset, the “denying violation of disciplines strategy,”the “exemption or exception strategy,” the “procedural and evidentiary strategy,” and finally the “implementing strategy.” The last Part of this book, which could turn out to be the most useful for the community of agents concerned by subsidies, offers an original examination of pending legal issues. To this end, a relevant distinction is established between pending legal issues partially answered by present case law and pending legal issues not still answered by present case law. This case law and the norms disciplining subsidies in WTO Agreements are of utmost importance first for International Trade Ministries, Parliaments, and International Institutions (OECD, CNUCED, FAO, etc.). However, Non-Governmental Organizations (World Wide Fund, etc.) are also directly concerned by this topic regarding, for example, fisheries subsidies and their impact on overexploitation of marine resources. The private sector (fishing fleets, fishermen, extractive industries, etc.) is also affected by this topic particularly regarding future investments.Law firms involved in subsidies cases are naturally at the forefront of the community of agents concerned by this topic.
