Stingless Bees Honey From Yucatan

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Stingless Bee Honeys from Yucatán

Author : Elizabeth de la Luz Ortiz Vázquez
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781634842228
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Stingless Bee Honeys from Yucatán by : Elizabeth de la Luz Ortiz Vázquez

Download or read book Stingless Bee Honeys from Yucatán written by Elizabeth de la Luz Ortiz Vázquez and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic diseases and microbial infections are increasing threats for human health. There are numerous natural compounds that can contribute to control acute infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Also, these bioactive molecules can prevent several disorders like hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Honey has been reported as an antimicrobial substance in the treatment of skin injuries, stomach diseases and fungal colonization of mucosa. In this sense, the high impact of antibacterial effect in honey has been demonstrated in the inhibition of strains that have resistance to antibiotics. Some species with antibiotic resistance that have been reported as susceptible to honey compounds are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a similar way, honey is a natural source of antioxidant compounds that promotes several aspects of human health like blood pressure stabilization and control of reactive oxygen species, in synergy with other compounds present in honey; antioxidants can kill opportunistic pathogens that could proliferate in diverse tissues and organs. However, the current studies of honey have been focused in one bee species, Apis mellifera; this social insect is the predominant producer of honey around the world, and it is used as a pollinator of several crops. In contrast to this predominance, the study of native bees, like stingless bees, remains poorly explored. The initial reports have documented the potential of these honeys in the treatment of burn injuries, diabetic complications and cataracts. Also, this honey is highly effective in the control of several bacterial and fungal infections recalcitrant to available antibiotics. All of these results make this organic product very demanded in many nations around the globe. The purpose of this book is to describe the ancient uses of Melipona beecheii honey in the Mayan culture before the arrival of Spanish conquerors, the present state of the melipona cultures in the inhabitants of Yucatan Peninsula, the physical, chemical and nutraceutical properties of this valuable product, relevant aspects of the quality control and the more exciting discoveries about the medicinal properties of melipona honey. Without a doubt, the information contained in this book would contribute to promote the conservation of stingless bee species and to encourage the fair trade of the honey produced by these species.

Stingless Bee's Honey from Yucatán

Author : Elizabeth de la Luz Ortiz Vázquez
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781634842211
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Stingless Bee's Honey from Yucatán by : Elizabeth de la Luz Ortiz Vázquez

Download or read book Stingless Bee's Honey from Yucatán written by Elizabeth de la Luz Ortiz Vázquez and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic diseases and microbial infections are increasing threats for human health. There are numerous natural compounds that can contribute to control acute infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Also, these bioactive molecules can prevent several disorders like hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Honey has been reported as an antimicrobial substance in the treatment of skin injuries, stomach diseases and fungal colonisation of mucosa. In this sense, the high impact of antibacterial effect in honey has been demonstrated in the inhibition of strains that have resistance to antibiotics. Some species with antibiotic resistance that have been reported as susceptible to honey compounds are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a similar way, honey is a natural source of antioxidant compounds that promotes several aspects of human health like blood pressure stabilisation and control of reactive oxygen species, in synergy with other compounds present in honey; antioxidants can kill opportunistic pathogens that could proliferate in diverse tissues and organs. However, the current studies of honey have been focused in one bee species, Apis mellifera; this social insect is the predominant producer of honey around the world, and it is used as a pollinator of several crops. In contrast to this predominance, the study of native bees, like stingless bees, remains poorly explored. The initial reports have documented the potential of these honeys in the treatment of burn injuries, diabetic complications and cataracts. Also, this honey is highly effective in the control of several bacterial and fungal infections recalcitrant to available antibiotics. All of these results make this organic product very demanded in many nations around the globe. The purpose of this book is to describe the ancient uses of Melipona beecheii honey in the Mayan culture before the arrival of Spanish conquerors, the present state of the melipona cultures in the inhabitants of Yucatan Peninsula, the physical, chemical and nutraceutical properties of this valuable product, relevant aspects of the quality control and the more exciting discoveries about the medicinal properties of melipona honey. Without a doubt, the information contained in this book would contribute to promote the conservation of stingless bee species and to encourage the fair trade of the honey produced by these species.

Stingless Bees of Mexico

Author : José Javier G. Quezada-Euán
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319777858
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Stingless Bees of Mexico by : José Javier G. Quezada-Euán

Download or read book Stingless Bees of Mexico written by José Javier G. Quezada-Euán and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stingless bees are the most diverse group of highly social bees and are key species in our planet’s tropical and subtropical regions, where they thrive. In Mexico, the management of stingless bees dates back centuries, and they were an essential part of the culture and cosmogony of native peoples like the Maya. In recent decades a vast amount of information has been gathered on stingless bees worldwide. This book summarizes various aspects of the biology and management of stingless bees, with special emphasis on the Mexican species and the traditions behind their cultivation. Much of the information presented here was produced by the author and the team of researchers at the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán in the course of three decades of working with these insects. Given the breadth of its coverage, the book offers an equally valuable reference guide for academics, students and beekeepers alike.

Pot-Pollen in Stingless Bee Melittology

Author : Patricia Vit
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319618393
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Pot-Pollen in Stingless Bee Melittology by : Patricia Vit

Download or read book Pot-Pollen in Stingless Bee Melittology written by Patricia Vit and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers pot-pollen—the other product, besides honey, stored in cerumen pots by Meliponini. Critical assessment is given of stingless bee and pot-pollen biodiversity in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Topics addressed include historical biogeography, cultural knowledge, bee foraging behavior, pollination, ecological interactions, health applications, microbiology, the natural history of bee nests, and chemical, bioactive and individual plant components in stored pollen. Pot-pollen maintains the livelihoods of stingless bees and provides many interesting biological products that are just now beginning to be understood. The Meliponini have developed particular nesting biologies, uses of building materials, and an architecture for pollen storage. Environmental windows provide optimal temperature and availability of pollen sources for success in plant pollination and pollen storage. Palynological composition and pollen taxonomy are used to assess stingless honey bee pollination services. Pollen processing with microorganisms in the nest modifies chemical composition and bioactivity, and confers nutraceutical benefits to the honey and pollen widely relished by native people. Humans have always used stingless bees. Yet, sustainable meliponiculture (stingless bee-keeping) projects have so far lacked a treatise on pot-pollen, which experts provide in this transdisciplinary, groundbreaking volume.

Het Land Van Maïs en Honing

Author : Harriet J. De Jong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789051872873
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Het Land Van Maïs en Honing by : Harriet J. De Jong

Download or read book Het Land Van Maïs en Honing written by Harriet J. De Jong and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holländ. und span. Zusammenfass.

Honey Production in Modern and Ancient Yucatán

Author : Briana Bianco
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Honey Production in Modern and Ancient Yucatán by : Briana Bianco

Download or read book Honey Production in Modern and Ancient Yucatán written by Briana Bianco and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to historic documents and scarce archaeological data, apiculture with the stingless bee, Melipona beecheii, was significant in the diet, economy, tribute, medicine, and ritual practices of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Current practices with stingless bees give us a frame of reference for interpreting archaeological data. This paper focuses on the ethnoarchaeological studies carried out in Yucatán, Mexico. Soil samples collected from underneath and near modern beehives, as well as samples of honey and wax, were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in order to identify possible chemical signatures. Soil samples taken from locations at Hacienda San Pedro Cholul suspected to be apiaries were also tested. The soil was tested for pH and nitrogen with the goal of developing new methods to identify beekeeping in the archaeological record. Results indicate that there are similarities in the chemical components of modern soils from apiaries, modern stingless bee honey, modern stingless bee wax, and soils from a hacienda that may have had an apiary located there in the past. Beekeeping practices have changed as a result of the introduction of other species of bees and taxation under the Spanish colonial regime. This and globalization have caused the intensification of honey and wax production. The global economy has economy has linked Yucatan's beekeeping cooperatives with the rest of the world. However, ethnoarchaeological and soil chemical studies provide insight about the disappearance of traditional beekeeping practices and current traditional ecological knowledge, the disappearance of the variety of plants necessary to produce honey, and the disappearance of stingless bees themselves.

Stingless Bees

Author : Christoph Grüter
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030600904
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Stingless Bees by : Christoph Grüter

Download or read book Stingless Bees written by Christoph Grüter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stingless bees (Meliponini) are the largest and most diverse group of social bees, yet their largely tropical distribution means that they are less studied than their relatives, the bumble bees and honey bees. Stingless bees produce honey and collect pollen from tens of thousands of tropical plant species and, in the process, provide critical pollination services in the tropics. Like many other insects, they are struggling with new human-made challenges like habitat destruction, climate change and new diseases. This book provides an overview of stingless bee biology, with chapters on the evolutionary history, nesting biology, colony organisation and division of labour of stingless bees. In addition, it explores their defence strategies, foraging ecology, and varied communication methods. Accordingly, the book offers an accessible introduction and reference guide for students, researchers and laypeople interested in the biology of bees.

Honey

Author : Md. Ibrahim Khalil
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119113296
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Honey by : Md. Ibrahim Khalil

Download or read book Honey written by Md. Ibrahim Khalil and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-12 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honey A vital understanding of the health effects of this renowned natural food Honey is among the most famous and widely available natural food products in the world, and its flavor profiles are well understood. Despite its use as a natural remedy by many societies, however, there has until recently been no systematic attempt to assess the scientific basis for claims about honey’s health benefits. The ubiquity of honey and honey-derived natural remedies make such an assessment highly desirable. Honey: Composition and Health Benefits offers a systematic assessment for the first time, analyzing the substances that make up honey and their health effects, both separately and in combination. Dedicating full chapters to each of honey’s constituent materials, this book provides the first full-length and comprehensive treatment of this natural food. It also includes content on other honey products such as royal jelly, propolis, and bee venom. It promises to shed scientific light on centuries of tradition. Honey readers will also find: Detailed treatment of honey’s constituent carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and more Closing chapters dealing with contaminants and toxins found in honey A vast and distinguished team of global contributors with decades of expertise Honey promises to be essential for food scientists, nutritionists, and health scientists, both in academic research and in industry.

Pot-Honey

Author : Patricia Vit
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146144960X
Total Pages : 655 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Pot-Honey by : Patricia Vit

Download or read book Pot-Honey written by Patricia Vit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stingless bees are one of the most diverse, attractive, fascinating, conspicuous and useful of all the insect groups of the tropical world. This is a formidable and contentious claim but I believe it can be backed up. They are fifty times more species rich than the honey bees, the other tribe of highly eusocial bees. They are ubiquitous in the tropics and thrive in tropical cities. In rural areas, they nest in a diversity of sites and are found on the flowers of a broad diversity of crop plants. Their role in natural systems is barely studied but they almost certainly deserve that hallowed title of keystone species. They are popular with the general public and are greatly appreciated in zoos and gardens. The chapters of this book provide abundant further evidence of the ecological and economic importance of stingless bees.

The Reason for Flowers

Author : Stephen Buchmann
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1476755523
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reason for Flowers by : Stephen Buchmann

Download or read book The Reason for Flowers written by Stephen Buchmann and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the roles flowers play in the production of our foods, spices, medicines, and perfumes reveals their origins, myriad shapes, colors, textures and scents, bizarre sex lives, and how humans-- and the natural world-- relate and depend upon them.

Status of Pollinators in North America

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309102898
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Status of Pollinators in North America by : National Research Council

Download or read book Status of Pollinators in North America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.

Stingless Bees of Mexico

Author : José Javier G. Quezada-Euán
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783319777863
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (778 download)

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Book Synopsis Stingless Bees of Mexico by : José Javier G. Quezada-Euán

Download or read book Stingless Bees of Mexico written by José Javier G. Quezada-Euán and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stingless bees are the most diverse group of highly social bees and are key species in our planet's tropical and subtropical regions, where they thrive. In Mexico, the management of stingless bees dates back centuries, and they were an essential part of the culture and cosmogony of native peoples like the Maya. In recent decades a vast amount of information has been gathered on stingless bees worldwide. This book summarizes various aspects of the biology and management of stingless bees, with special emphasis on the Mexican species and the traditions behind their cultivation. Much of the information presented here was produced by the author and the team of researchers at the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán in the course of three decades of working with these insects. Given the breadth of its coverage, the book offers an equally valuable reference guide for academics, students and beekeepers alike.

The Value of Things

Author : Jennifer P. Mathews
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816536325
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis The Value of Things by : Jennifer P. Mathews

Download or read book The Value of Things written by Jennifer P. Mathews and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jade, stone tools, honey and wax, ceramics, rum, land. What gave these commodities value in the Maya world, and how were those values determined? What factors influenced the rise and fall of a commodity’s value? The Value of Things examines the social and ritual value of commodities in Mesoamerica, providing a new and dynamic temporal view of the roles of trade of commodities and elite goods from the prehistoric Maya to the present. Editors Jennifer P. Mathews and Thomas H. Guderjan begin the volume with a review of the theoretical literature related to the “value of things.” Throughout the volume, well-known scholars offer chapters that examine the value of specific commodities in a broad time frame—from prehistoric, colonial, and historic times to the present. Using cases from the Maya world on both the local level and the macro-regional, contributors look at jade, agricultural products (ancient and contemporary), stone tools, salt, cacao (chocolate), honey and wax, henequen, sugarcane and rum, land, ceramic (ancient and contemporary), and contemporary tourist handicrafts. Each chapter author looks into what made their specific commodity valuable to ancient, historic, and contemporary peoples in the Maya region. Often a commodity’s worth goes far beyond its financial value; indeed, in some cases, it may not even be viewed as something that can be sold. Other themes include the rise and fall in commodity values based on perceived need, rarity or overproduction, and change in available raw materials; the domestic labor side of commodities, including daily life of the laborers; and relationships between elites and nonelites in production. Examining, explaining, and theorizing how people ascribe value to what they trade, this scholarly volume provides a rich look at local and regional Maya case studies through centuries of time. Contributors: Rani T. Alexander Dean E. Arnold Timothy Beach Briana Bianco Steven Bozarth Tiffany C. Cain Scott L. Fedick Thomas H. Guderjan John Gust Eleanor Harrison-Buck Brigitte Kovacevich Samantha Krause Joshua J. Kwoka Richard M. Leventhal Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach Jennifer P. Mathews Heather McKillop Allan D. Meyers Gary Rayson Mary Katherine Scott E. Cory Sills

Yucatán

Author : David Sterling
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292735812
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Yucatán by : David Sterling

Download or read book Yucatán written by David Sterling and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-03-30 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, James Beard Foundation Best Cookbook of the Year Award, 2015 James Beard Foundation Best International Cookbook Award, 2015 The Art of Eating Prize for Best Food Book of the Year, 2015 The Yucatán Peninsula is home to one of the world's great regional cuisines. With a foundation of native Maya dishes made from fresh local ingredients, it shares much of the same pantry of ingredients and many culinary practices with the rest of Mexico. Yet, due to its isolated peninsular location, it was also in a unique position to absorb the foods and flavors of such far-flung regions as Spain and Portugal, France, Holland, Lebanon and the Levant, Cuba and the Caribbean, and Africa. In recent years, gourmet magazines and celebrity chefs have popularized certain Yucatecan dishes and ingredients, such as Sopa de lima and achiote, and global gastronomes have made the pilgrimage to Yucatán to tantalize their taste buds with smoky pit barbecues, citrus-based pickles, and fiery chiles. But until now, the full depth and richness of this cuisine has remained little understood beyond Yucatán's borders. An internationally recognized authority on Yucatecan cuisine, chef David Sterling takes you on a gastronomic tour of the peninsula in this unique cookbook, Yucatán: Recipes from a Culinary Expedition. Presenting the food in the places where it's savored, Sterling begins in jungle towns where Mayas concoct age-old recipes with a few simple ingredients they grow themselves. He travels over a thousand miles along the broad Yucatán coast to sample a bounty of seafood; shares "the people's food"at bakeries, chicharronerías, street vendors, home restaurants, and cantinas; and highlights the cooking of the peninsula's three largest cities—Campeche, Mérida, and Valladolid—as well as a variety of pueblos noted for signature dishes. Throughout the journey, Sterling serves up over 275 authentic, thoroughly tested recipes that will appeal to both novice and professional cooks. He also discusses pantry staples and basic cooking techniques and offers substitutions for local ingredients that may be hard to find elsewhere. Profusely illustrated and spiced with lively stories of the region's people and places, Yucatán: Recipes from a Culinary Expedition is the long-awaited definitive work on this distinctive cuisine.

Bees in America

Author : Tammy Horn
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813137721
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Bees in America by : Tammy Horn

Download or read book Bees in America written by Tammy Horn and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2006-04-21 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Integrates history, technology, sociology, economics, and politics with this remarkable insect serving as the unifying concept” (Buffalo News). The tiny, industrious honey bee has become part of popular imagination—reflected in our art, our advertising, even our language itself with such terms as queen bee and busy as a bee. Honey bees—and the values associated with them—have influenced American culture for four centuries. Bees and beekeepers have represented order and stability throughout the changes, challenges, and expansions of a highly diverse country. Bees in America is an enlightening cultural history of bees and beekeeping in the United States. Tammy Horn, herself a beekeeper, offers a social and technological history from the colonial period, when the British first brought bees to the New World, to the present, when bees are being trained by the American military to detect bombs. Horn shows how the honey bee was one of the first symbols of colonization and how bees’ societal structures shaped our ideals about work, family, community, and leisure. This book is both a fascinating read and an “excellent example of the effects agriculture has on history” (Booklist). “A wealth of worthy material.” —Publishers Weekly

Rebellion Now and Forever

Author : Terry Rugeley
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804771308
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Rebellion Now and Forever by : Terry Rugeley

Download or read book Rebellion Now and Forever written by Terry Rugeley and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-19 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the origins, process, and consequences of forty years of nearly continual political violence in southeastern Mexico. Rather than recounting the well-worn narrative of the Caste War, it focuses instead on how four decades of violence helped shape social and political institutions of the Mexican southeast. Rebellion Now and Forever looks at Yucatán's famous Caste War from the perspective of the vast majority of Hispanics and Maya peasants who did not join in the great ethnic rebellion of 1847. It shows how the history of nonrebel territory was as dramatic and as violent as the front lines of the Caste War, and of greater significance for the larger evolution of Mexican society. The work explores political violence not merely as a method and process, but also as a molder of subsequent institutions and practices.

Bee Conservation

Author : Lynn V. Dicks
Publisher : Pelagic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1907807020
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Bee Conservation by : Lynn V. Dicks

Download or read book Bee Conservation written by Lynn V. Dicks and published by Pelagic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together scientific evidence and experience relevant to the practical conservation of wild bees. The authors worked with an international group of bee experts and conservationists to develop a global list of interventions that could benefit wild bees. They range from protecting natural habitat to controlling disease in commercial bumblebee colonies. For each intervention, the book summarises studies captured by the Conservation Evidence project, where that intervention has been tested and its effects on bees quantified. The result is a thorough guide to what is known, or not known, about the effectiveness of bee conservation actions throughout the world. Bee Conservation is the first in a series of synopses that will cover different species groups and habitats, gradually building into a comprehensive summary of evidence on the effects of conservation interventions for all biodiversity throughout the world. By making evidence accessible in this way, we hope to enable a change in the practice of conservation, so it can become more evidence-based. We also aim to highlight where there are gaps in knowledge. Evidence from all around the world is included. If there appears to be a bias towards evidence from northern European or North American temperate environments, this reflects a current bias in the published research that is available to us. Conservation interventions are grouped primarily according to the relevant direct threats, as defined in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Unified Classification of Direct Threats.