Science And Culture In Europe

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The Cultural Authority of Science

Author : Martin Bauer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351670719
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Authority of Science by : Martin Bauer

Download or read book The Cultural Authority of Science written by Martin Bauer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cultural authority of science is the authority that is granted to science in any particular context. This authority is as much a matter of image and perceived legitimacy as of statutory guarantee. However, while authority can be charismatic, based on tradition or based on competence, we would assume that science aims to be an authority of competence. To what extent does science have the last word, or stand above opinion on public issues? This Indo-European led collaboration aims to map the cultural authority of science, and to construct a system of indicators to observe this ‘science culture’ based on artefacts (science news analysis) and espoused beliefs and evaluations (public attitude data). Indeed, through a series of studies the authors examine the cultural authority of science in light of the challenges posed by European, Asian, African and American developments and debates. In particular, two main ideas are examined: the ‘Lighthouse’ model, whereby science is shining into a stormy sea of ignorance and mistrust; and the ‘Bungee Jump’ model, which demonstrates how science occasionally experiences a rough ride against a backdrop of goodwill. Presenting expertise in discourse analysis, computer-assisted text analysis and largescale survey analysis, The Cultural Authority of Science will be of interest to a global audience concerned with the standing of science in society. In particular, it may appeal to scholars and students of fields such as sociology of science, science communication, science studies, scientometrics, innovation studies and social psychology.

Wonder and Science

Author : Mary Baine Campbell
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501705059
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Wonder and Science by : Mary Baine Campbell

Download or read book Wonder and Science written by Mary Baine Campbell and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2004-12-10 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the early modern period, western Europe was transformed by the proliferation of new worlds—geographic worlds found in the voyages of discovery and conceptual and celestial worlds opened by natural philosophy, or science. The response to incredible overseas encounters and to the profound technological, religious, economic, and intellectual changes occurring in Europe was one of nearly overwhelming wonder, expressed in a rich variety of texts. In the need to manage this wonder, to harness this imaginative overabundance, Mary Baine Campbell finds both the sensational beauty of early scientific works and the beginnings of the divergence of the sciences—particularly geography, astronomy, and anthropology—from the writing of fiction. Campbell's learned and brilliantly perceptive new book analyzes a cross section of texts in which worlds were made and unmade; these texts include cosmographies, colonial reports, works of natural philosophy and natural history, fantastic voyages, exotic fictions, and confessions. Among the authors she discusses are André Thevet, Thomas Hariot, Francis Bacon, Galileo, Margaret Cavendish, and Aphra Behn. Campbell's emphasis is on developments in England and France, but she considers works in languages other than English or French which were well known in the polyglot book culture of the time. With over thirty well-chosen illustrations, Wonder and Science enhances our understanding of the culture of early modern Europe, the history of science, and the development of literary forms, including the novel and ethnography.

The Sciences in Enlightened Europe

Author : William Clark
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226109404
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sciences in Enlightened Europe by : William Clark

Download or read book The Sciences in Enlightened Europe written by William Clark and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1999-07 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radically reorienting our understanding of the Enlightenment, this book explores the complex relations between "englightened" values and the making of scientific knowledge. Here monsters and automata, barometers and botanical gardens, polite academics and boisterous clubs, plans for violent wars and for universal peace, are all relocated in the landscape of enlightened Europe. The contributors show how changing forms of discipline, machinery, and instrumentation affected the emergence of new kinds of knowledge; consider how institutions of public rate taste and conversation helped provide a common frame for the study of human and nonhuman natures; and explore the regional operations of scientific culture at the geographical fringes of Europe. Covering a wide range of scientific disciplines, both in the principal European countries and in areas peripheral to Europe, the book also includes ample illustrations and an extensive bibliography. Implicated in the rise of both fascism and liberal secularism, the moral and political values that shaped the Enlightenment remain controversial today. Through careful scrutiny of how these values influenced and were influenced by the concrete practices of its sciences, this book gives us an entirely new sense of the Enlightenment. -- from back cover.

Science, Religion and Communism in Cold War Europe

Author : Paul Betts
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137546395
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Religion and Communism in Cold War Europe by : Paul Betts

Download or read book Science, Religion and Communism in Cold War Europe written by Paul Betts and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-14 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religion and science were fundamental aspects of Eastern European communist political culture from the very beginning, and remained in uneasy tension across the region over the decades. While both topics have long attracted a great deal of scholarly attention, they almost invariably have been studied discretely as separate stories. Religion, Science and Communism in Cold War Europe is the first scholarly effort to explore the delicate interface of religion, science and communism in Cold War Europe. It brings together an international team of researchers who address this relationship from a number of national viewpoints and thematic perspectives, ranging from mysticism to social science, space exploration to the socialist lifecycle, and architectural heritage to pop culture.

The European Commission

Author : Manuel Szapiro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780957150133
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Commission by : Manuel Szapiro

Download or read book The European Commission written by Manuel Szapiro and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practitioner-focused inside-view of what the European Commission is and does, who works for it and their different roles, and how it goes about its work.

The Science of Citizen Science

Author : Katrin Vohland
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030582787
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Citizen Science by : Katrin Vohland

Download or read book The Science of Citizen Science written by Katrin Vohland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.

The Lost World of Old Europe

Author : David W. Anthony
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691143880
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lost World of Old Europe by : David W. Anthony

Download or read book The Lost World of Old Europe written by David W. Anthony and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the prehistoric Copper Age, long before cities, writing, or the invention of the wheel, Old Europe was among the most culturally rich regions in the world. Its inhabitants lived in prosperous agricultural towns. The ubiquitous goddess figurines found in their houses and shrines have triggered intense debates about women's roles. The Lost World of Old Europe is the accompanying catalog for an exhibition at New York University's Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. This superb volume features essays by leading archaeologists as well as breathtaking color photographs cataloguing the objects, some illustrated here for the first time. The heart of Old Europe was in the lower Danube valley, in contemporary Bulgaria and Romania. Old European coppersmiths were the most advanced metal artisans in the world. Their intense interest in acquiring copper, Aegean shells, and other rare valuables gave rise to far-reaching trading networks. In their graves, the bodies of Old European chieftains were adorned with pounds of gold and copper ornaments. Their funerals were without parallel in the Near East or Egypt. The exhibition represents the first time these rare objects have appeared in the United States. An unparalleled introduction to Old Europe's cultural, technological, and artistic legacy, The Lost World of Old Europe includes essays by Douglass Bailey, John Chapman, Cornelia-Magda Lazarovici, Ioan Opris and Catalin Bem, Ernst Pernicka, Dragomir Nicolae Popovici, Michel Séfériadès, and Vladimir Slavchev.

Designs on Nature

Author : Sheila Jasanoff
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400837316
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Designs on Nature by : Sheila Jasanoff

Download or read book Designs on Nature written by Sheila Jasanoff and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and politics have converged today across much of the industrialized world. Debates about genetically modified organisms, cloning, stem cells, animal patenting, and new reproductive technologies crowd media headlines and policy agendas. Less noticed, but no less important, are the rifts that have appeared among leading Western nations about the right way to govern innovation in genetics and biotechnology. These significant differences in law and policy, and in ethical analysis, may in a globalizing world act as obstacles to free trade, scientific inquiry, and shared understandings of human dignity. In this magisterial look at some twenty-five years of scientific and social development, Sheila Jasanoff compares the politics and policy of the life sciences in Britain, Germany, the United States, and in the European Union as a whole. She shows how public and private actors in each setting evaluated new manifestations of biotechnology and tried to reassure themselves about their safety. Three main themes emerge. First, core concepts of democratic theory, such as citizenship, deliberation, and accountability, cannot be understood satisfactorily without taking on board the politics of science and technology. Second, in all three countries, policies for the life sciences have been incorporated into "nation-building" projects that seek to reimagine what the nation stands for. Third, political culture influences democratic politics, and it works through the institutionalized ways in which citizens understand and evaluate public knowledge. These three aspects of contemporary politics, Jasanoff argues, help account not only for policy divergences but also for the perceived legitimacy of state actions.

Historia

Author : Gianna Pomata
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262162296
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Historia by : Gianna Pomata

Download or read book Historia written by Gianna Pomata and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays examine how the genre of historia reflects connections between the study of nature and the study of culture in early modern scholarly pursuits. The early modern genre of historia connected the study of nature and the study of culture from the early Renaissance to the eighteenth century. The ubiquity of historia as a descriptive method across a variety of disciplines--including natural history, medicine, antiquarianism, and philology--indicates how closely intertwined these scholarly pursuits were in the early modern period. The essays collected in this volume demonstrate that historia can be considered a key epistemic tool of early modern intellectual practices. Focusing on the actual use of historia across disciplines, the essays highlight a distinctive feature of early modern descriptive sciences: the coupling of observational skills with philological learning, empiricism with erudition. Thus the essays bring to light previously unexamined links between the culture of humanism and the scientific revolution. The contributors, from a range of disciplines that echoes the broad scope of early modern historia, examine such topics as the development of a new interest in historical method from the Renaissance artes historicae to the eighteenth-century tension between "history" and "system"; shifts in Aristotelian thought paving the way for revaluation of historia as descriptive knowledge; the rise of the new discipline of natural history; the uses of historia in anatomical and medical investigation and the writing of history by physicians; parallels between the practices of collecting and presenting information in both natural history and antiquarianism; and significant examples of the ease with which early seventeenth-century antiquarian scholars moved from studies of nature to studies of culture.

The Science of Describing

Author : Brian W. Ogilvie
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226620867
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Describing by : Brian W. Ogilvie

Download or read book The Science of Describing written by Brian W. Ogilvie and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Out of the diverse traditions of medical humanism, classical philology, and natural philosophy, Renaissance naturalists created a new science devoted to discovering and describing plants and animals. Drawing on published natural histories, manuscript correspondence, garden plans, travelogues, watercolors, and drawings, The Science of Describing reconstructs the evolution of this discipline of description through four generations of naturalists. In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, naturalists focused on understanding ancient and medieval descriptions of the natural world, but by the mid-sixteenth century naturalists turned toward distinguishing and cataloguing new plant and animal species. To do so, they developed new techniques of observing and recording, created botanical gardens and herbaria, and exchanged correspondence and specimens within an international community. By the early seventeenth century, naturalists began the daunting task of sorting through the wealth of information they had accumulated, putting a new emphasis on taxonomy and classification. Illustrated with woodcuts, engravings, and photographs, The Science of Describing is the first broad interpretation of Renaissance natural history in more than a generation and will appeal widely to an interdisciplinary audience.

Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe

Author : Peter Burke
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139462636
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe by : Peter Burke

Download or read book Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe written by Peter Burke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-03-29 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking 2007 volume gathers an international team of historians to present the practice of translation as part of cultural history. Although translation is central to the transmission of ideas, the history of translation has generally been neglected by historians, who have left it to specialists in literature and language. This book seeks to achieve an understanding of the contribution of translation to the spread of information in early modern Europe. It focuses on non-fiction: the translation of books on religion, history, politics and especially on science, or 'natural philosophy', as it was generally known at this time. The chapters cover a wide range of languages, including Latin, Greek, Russian, Turkish and Chinese. The book will appeal to scholars and students of the early modern and later periods, to historians of science and of religion, as well as to anyone interested in translation studies.

Cultures of Economy in South-Eastern Europe

Author : Jurij Murasov
Publisher : transcript Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3839450268
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultures of Economy in South-Eastern Europe by : Jurij Murasov

Download or read book Cultures of Economy in South-Eastern Europe written by Jurij Murasov and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ubiquitous »cultural turn« of the 1990s did not spare the thinkers of economics - however, at the same time, economic topics have gained a new importance in cultural studies. This volume focuses on cultures of economy in regions of former Yugoslavia as part of South-Eastern Europe, supported by theoretical perspectives. It examines narratives and poetics of economy in literature, film, and art, as well as in public discourse. The contributors spotlight different historical periods: the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, Socialist Yugoslavia and the transitional and neoliberal period since the 1990s.

Science and Technology Governance and Ethics

Author : Miltos Ladikas
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319146939
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Technology Governance and Ethics by : Miltos Ladikas

Download or read book Science and Technology Governance and Ethics written by Miltos Ladikas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the possibilities for effective global governance of science in Europe, India and China. Authors from the three regions join forces to explore how ethical concerns over new technologies can be incorporated into global science and technology policies. The first chapter introduces the topic, offering a global perspective on embedding ethics in science and technology policy. Chapter Two compares the institutionalization of ethical debates in science, technology and innovation policy in three important regions: Europe, India and China. The third chapter explores public perceptions of science and technology in these same three regions. Chapter Four discusses public engagement in the governance of science and technology, and Chapter Five reviews science and technology governance and European values. The sixth chapter describes and analyzes values demonstrated in the constitution of the People’s Republic of China. Chapter Seven describes emerging evidence from India on the uses of science and technology for socio-economic development, and the quest for inclusive growth. In Chapter Eight, the authors propose a comparative framework for studying global ethics in science and technology. The following three chapters offer case studies and analysis of three emerging industries in India, China and Europe: new food technologies, nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Chapter 12 gathers all these threads for a comprehensive discussion on incorporating ethics into science and technology policy. The analysis is undertaken against the backdrop of different value systems and varying levels of public perception of risks and benefits. The book introduces a common analytical framework for the comparative discussion of ethics at the international level. The authors offer policy recommendations for effective collaboration among the three regions, to promote responsible governance in science and technology and a common analytical perspective in ethics.

Crossing Borders, Crossing Cultures

Author : Massimo Rospocher
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110643545
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Crossing Borders, Crossing Cultures by : Massimo Rospocher

Download or read book Crossing Borders, Crossing Cultures written by Massimo Rospocher and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-09-23 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the challenges and possibilities of research into the European dimensions of popular print culture. Popular print culture has traditionally been studied with a national focus. Recent research has revealed, however, that popular print culture has many European dimensions and shared features. A group of specialists in the field has started to explore the possibilities and challenges of research on a wide, European scale. This volume contains the first overview and analysis of the different approaches, methodologies and sources that will stimulate and facilitate future comparative research. This volume first addresses the benefits of a media-driven approach, focussing on processes of content recycling, interactions between text and image, processes of production and consumption. A second perspective illuminates the distribution and markets for popular print, discussing audiences, prices and collections. A third dimension refers to the transnational dimensions of genres, stories, and narratives. A last perspective unravels the communicative strategies and dynamics behind European bestsellers. This book is a source of inspiration for everyone who is interested in research into transnational cultural exchange and in the fascinating history of popular print culture in Europe.

Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe

Author : Ursula Klein
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226439704
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe by : Ursula Klein

Download or read book Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe written by Ursula Klein and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is often assumed that natural philosophy was the forerunner of early modern natural sciences. But where did these sciences’ systematic observation and experimentation get their starts? In Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe, the laboratories, workshops, and marketplaces emerge as arenas where hands-on experience united with higher learning. In an age when chemistry, mineralogy, geology, and botany intersected with mining, metallurgy, pharmacy, and gardening, materials were objects that crossed disciplines. Here, the contributors tell the stories of metals, clay, gunpowder, pigments, and foods, and thereby demonstrate the innovative practices of technical experts, the development of the consumer market, and the formation of the observational and experimental sciences in the early modern period. Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe showcases a broad variety of forms of knowledge, from ineffable bodily skills and technical competence to articulated know-how and connoisseurship, from methods of measuring, data gathering, and classification to analytical and theoretical knowledge. By exploring the hybrid expertise involved in the making, consumption, and promotion of various materials, and the fluid boundaries they traversed, the book offers an original perspective on important issues in the history of science, medicine, and technology.

Fireworks

Author : Simon Werrett
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226893774
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Fireworks by : Simon Werrett

Download or read book Fireworks written by Simon Werrett and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fireworks are synonymous with celebration in the twenty-first century. But pyrotechnics—in the form of rockets, crackers, wheels, and bombs—have exploded in sparks and noise to delight audiences in Europe ever since the Renaissance. Here, Simon Werrett shows that, far from being only a means of entertainment, fireworks helped foster advances in natural philosophy, chemistry, mathematics, and many other branches of the sciences. Fireworks brings to vibrant life the many artful practices of pyrotechnicians, as well as the elegant compositions of the architects, poets, painters, and musicians they inspired. At the same time, it uncovers the dynamic relationships that developed between the many artists and scientists who produced pyrotechnics. In so doing, the book demonstrates the critical role that pyrotechnics played in the development of physics, astronomy, chemistry and physiology, meteorology, and electrical science. Richly illustrated and drawing on a wide range of new sources, Fireworks takes readers back to a world where pyrotechnics were both divine and magical and reveals for the first time their vital contribution to the modernization of European ideas.

Science and Scientification in South Asia and Europe

Author : Taylor & Francis Group
Publisher : Routledge Chapman & Hall
ISBN 13 : 9781032173214
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (732 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Scientification in South Asia and Europe by : Taylor & Francis Group

Download or read book Science and Scientification in South Asia and Europe written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Routledge Chapman & Hall. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume critically examines the role of science in the humanities and social sciences. It studies how cultures and societies in South Asia and Europe underwent a transformation with the adoption or adaptation of scientific methods, turning ancient cultural processes and phenomena into an enhanced scientific structure. The chapters in this book Discuss the development of science as a method in modern and historical contexts and the differences between modern science, scientification and pseudoscience. Study the interactions between bodies of knowledge such as Sanskrit and computer science; mathematics and Vedic mathematics; science and philosophy. Drawing on textual material, extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of philosophy, Indology, history, linguistics, history and philosophy of science and social science.