The Cultural Authority Of Science

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The Cultural Authority of Science

Author : Martin W Bauer
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351670719
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Authority of Science by : Martin W Bauer

Download or read book The Cultural Authority of Science written by Martin W Bauer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cultural authority of science is the authority that is granted to science in any particular context. This authority is as much a matter of image and perceived legitimacy as of statutory guarantee. However, while authority can be charismatic, based on tradition or based on competence, we would assume that science aims to be an authority of competence. To what extent does science have the last word, or stand above opinion on public issues? This Indo-European led collaboration aims to map the cultural authority of science, and to construct a system of indicators to observe this ‘science culture’ based on artefacts (science news analysis) and espoused beliefs and evaluations (public attitude data). Indeed, through a series of studies the authors examine the cultural authority of science in light of the challenges posed by European, Asian, African and American developments and debates. In particular, two main ideas are examined: the ‘Lighthouse’ model, whereby science is shining into a stormy sea of ignorance and mistrust; and the ‘Bungee Jump’ model, which demonstrates how science occasionally experiences a rough ride against a backdrop of goodwill. Presenting expertise in discourse analysis, computer-assisted text analysis and largescale survey analysis, The Cultural Authority of Science will be of interest to a global audience concerned with the standing of science in society. In particular, it may appeal to scholars and students of fields such as sociology of science, science communication, science studies, scientometrics, innovation studies and social psychology.

Cultural Boundaries of Science

Author : Thomas F. Gieryn
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226292618
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Boundaries of Science by : Thomas F. Gieryn

Download or read book Cultural Boundaries of Science written by Thomas F. Gieryn and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1999-01-15 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text argues that an explanation for the cultural authority of science lies where scientific claims leave laboratories and enter boardrooms and living rooms. Here, one uses "maps" to decide who to believe - cultural maps demarcating "science" from pseudoscience, ideology, faith, or nonsense.

Science under Fire

Author : Andrew Jewett
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674987918
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Science under Fire by : Andrew Jewett

Download or read book Science under Fire written by Andrew Jewett and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans have long been suspicious of experts and elites. This new history explains why so many have believed that science has the power to corrupt American culture. Americans today are often skeptical of scientific authority. Many conservatives dismiss climate change and Darwinism as liberal fictions, arguing that “tenured radicals” have coopted the sciences and other disciplines. Some progressives, especially in the universities, worry that science’s celebration of objectivity and neutrality masks its attachment to Eurocentric and patriarchal values. As we grapple with the implications of climate change and revolutions in fields from biotechnology to robotics to computing, it is crucial to understand how scientific authority functions—and where it has run up against political and cultural barriers. Science under Fire reconstructs a century of battles over the cultural implications of science in the United States. Andrew Jewett reveals a persistent current of criticism which maintains that scientists have injected faulty social philosophies into the nation’s bloodstream under the cover of neutrality. This charge of corruption has taken many forms and appeared among critics with a wide range of social, political, and theological views, but common to all is the argument that an ideologically compromised science has produced an array of social ills. Jewett shows that this suspicion of science has been a major force in American politics and culture by tracking its development, varied expressions, and potent consequences since the 1920s. Looking at today’s battles over science, Jewett argues that citizens and leaders must steer a course between, on the one hand, the naïve image of science as a pristine, value-neutral form of knowledge, and, on the other, the assumption that scientists’ claims are merely ideologies masquerading as truths.

Conjuring Science

Author : Christopher P. Toumey
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780813522852
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis Conjuring Science by : Christopher P. Toumey

Download or read book Conjuring Science written by Christopher P. Toumey and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toumey focuses on the ways in which the symbols of science are employed to signify scientific authority in a variety of cases, from the selling of medical products to the making of public policy about AIDS/HIV--a practice he calls "conjuring" science. It is this "conjuring" of the images and symbols of scientific authority that troubles Toumey and leads him to reflect on the history of public understanding and perceptions of science in the United States.

Instituting Science

Author : Timothy Lenoir
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804729253
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Instituting Science by : Timothy Lenoir

Download or read book Instituting Science written by Timothy Lenoir and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early practitioners of the social studies of science turned their attention away from questions of institutionalization, which had tended to emphasize macrolevel explanations, and attended instead to microstudies of laboratory practice. Though sympathetic to this approach--as the microstudies included in this book attest--the author is interested in re-investigating certain aspects of institution formation, notably the formation of scientific, medical, and engineering disciplines. He emphasizes the manner in which science as cultural practice is imbricated with other forms of social, political, and even aesthetic practices. This book offers case studies that reexamine certain critical junctures in the traditional historical picture of the evolution of the role of the scientist in modern Western society. It focuses especially on the establishment of new disciplines within German research universities in the nineteenth century, the problematic relationship that emerged between science, industry, and the state at the turn of the twentieth century, and post-World War II developments in science and technology. After an Introduction and two chapters dealing with science and technology as cultural production and the struggles of disciplines to achieve legitimation and authority, the author considers the following topics: the organic physics of 1847; the innovative research program of Carl Ludwig as a model for institutionalizing science-based medicine; optics, painting, and ideology in Germany, 1845-95; Paul Ehrlich's "magic bullet"; the Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia; and the introduction of nuclear magnetic resonance instrumentation into the practice of organic chemistry.

Cultural Boundaries of Science

Author : Thomas F. Gieryn
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022682442X
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Boundaries of Science by : Thomas F. Gieryn

Download or read book Cultural Boundaries of Science written by Thomas F. Gieryn and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is science so credible? Usual answers center on scientists' objective methods or their powerful instruments. In his new book, Thomas Gieryn argues that a better explanation for the cultural authority of science lies downstream, when scientific claims leave laboratories and enter courtrooms, boardrooms, and living rooms. On such occasions, we use "maps" to decide who to believe—cultural maps demarcating "science" from pseudoscience, ideology, faith, or nonsense. Gieryn looks at episodes of boundary-work: Was phrenology good science? How about cold fusion? Is social science really scientific? Is organic farming? After centuries of disputes like these, Gieryn finds no stable criteria that absolutely distinguish science from non-science. Science remains a pliable cultural space, flexibly reshaped to claim credibility for some beliefs while denying it to others. In a timely epilogue, Gieryn finds this same controversy at the heart of the raging "science wars."

Contesting Cultural Authority

Author : Frank M. Turner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521372572
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Contesting Cultural Authority by : Frank M. Turner

Download or read book Contesting Cultural Authority written by Frank M. Turner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-04-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume of essays which constitutes a major overview of the Victorian intellectual enterprise.

Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal

Author : Heather Douglas
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 082297357X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by : Heather Douglas

Download or read book Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal written by Heather Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be “value-free.” In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence. Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

Victorian Science and Literature

Author : Gowan Dawson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781848930919
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Victorian Science and Literature by : Gowan Dawson

Download or read book Victorian Science and Literature written by Gowan Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Disrupting Science

Author : Kelly Moore
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691162093
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Disrupting Science by : Kelly Moore

Download or read book Disrupting Science written by Kelly Moore and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Drawing extensively from archival sources and in-depth interviews, Kelly Moore examines the features of American science that made it an attractive target for protesters in the early cold war and Vietnam eras, including scientists' work in military research and activities perceived as environmentally harmful. She describes the intellectual traditions that protesters drew from - liberalism, moral individualism, and the New Left - and traces the rise and influence of scientist-led protest organizations such as Science for the People and the Union of Concerned Scientists. Moore shows how scientist protest activities disrupted basic assumptions about science and the ways scientific knowledge should be produced, and recast scientists' relationships to political and military institutions."--Jacket.

Inscribing Science

Author : Timothy Lenoir
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804727778
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (277 download)

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Book Synopsis Inscribing Science by : Timothy Lenoir

Download or read book Inscribing Science written by Timothy Lenoir and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphors of inscription and writing figure prominently in all levels of discourse in and about science. The description of nature as a book written in the language of mathematics has been a common trope since at least the time of Galileo, a metaphor supplemented in our own day by the characterization of DNA sequences as the code for the book of life, decipherable in terms of protein semantic units. An important recent direction in the fields of science and literature studies is to consider such descriptions as more than metaphoric, as revelatory of the processes of signification in science more generally. Nearly everywhere we look, the "semiotic turn” is upon us. Recent science and technology studies have been characterized by a rich diversity of research directions, manifesting several trends apparently counter to one another. On the one hand stands the rich tradition of detailed microstudies of experiments, instruments, and scientific practice; on the other hand are grouped studies grander in scope, aimed at examining science within the framework of cultural production. This volume of sixteen essays seeks common ground among these different approaches by juxtaposing work from historically focused science and literature studies with work inspired by poststructuralist philosophy and semiotics. The contributors are Gillian Beer, Lisa Bloom, Robert Brain, Lorraine Daston, Richard M. Doyle, David Gugerli, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Friedrich Kittler, Timothy Lenoir, Alex Pang, Philip Prodger, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Robin Rider, Brian Rotman, Simon Schaffer, and Bernhard Siegert.

Is Science Racist?

Author : Jonathan Marks
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745689256
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Is Science Racist? by : Jonathan Marks

Download or read book Is Science Racist? written by Jonathan Marks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every arena of science has its own flash-point issues—chemistry and poison gas, physics and the atom bomb—and genetics has had a troubled history with race. As Jonathan Marks reveals, this dangerous relationship rumbles on to this day, still leaving plenty of leeway for a belief in the basic natural inequality of races. The eugenic science of the early twentieth century and the commodified genomic science of today are unified by the mistaken belief that human races are naturalistic categories. Yet their boundaries are founded neither in biology nor in genetics and, not being a formal scientific concept, race is largely not accessible to the scientist. As Marks argues, race can only be grasped through the humanities: historically, experientially, politically. This wise, witty essay explores the persistence and legacy of scientific racism, which misappropriates the authority of science and undermines it by converting it into a social weapon.

Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins

Author : Denis R. Alexander
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226608425
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins by : Denis R. Alexander

Download or read book Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins written by Denis R. Alexander and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-05-15 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of human history, the sciences, and biology in particular, have often been manipulated to cause immense human suffering. For example, biology has been used to justify eugenic programs, forced sterilization, human experimentation, and death camps—all in an attempt to support notions of racial superiority. By investigating the past, the contributors to Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins hope to better prepare us to discern ideological abuse of science when it occurs in the future. Denis R. Alexander and Ronald L. Numbers bring together fourteen experts to examine the varied ways science has been used and abused for nonscientific purposes from the fifteenth century to the present day. Featuring an essay on eugenics from Edward J. Larson and an examination of the progress of evolution by Michael J. Ruse, Biology and Ideology examines uses both benign and sinister, ultimately reminding us that ideological extrapolation continues today. An accessible survey, this collection will enlighten historians of science, their students, practicing scientists, and anyone interested in the relationship between science and culture.

Victorian Science as Cultural Authority

Author : Gowan Dawson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Victorian Science as Cultural Authority by : Gowan Dawson

Download or read book Victorian Science as Cultural Authority written by Gowan Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cultural Boundaries of Science

Author : Thomas F. Gieryn
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226292622
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Boundaries of Science by : Thomas F. Gieryn

Download or read book Cultural Boundaries of Science written by Thomas F. Gieryn and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1999-01-15 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is science so credible? Usual answers center on scientists' objective methods or their powerful instruments. In his new book, Thomas Gieryn argues that a better explanation for the cultural authority of science lies downstream, when scientific claims leave laboratories and enter courtrooms, boardrooms, and living rooms. On such occasions, we use "maps" to decide who to believe—cultural maps demarcating "science" from pseudoscience, ideology, faith, or nonsense. Gieryn looks at episodes of boundary-work: Was phrenology good science? How about cold fusion? Is social science really scientific? Is organic farming? After centuries of disputes like these, Gieryn finds no stable criteria that absolutely distinguish science from non-science. Science remains a pliable cultural space, flexibly reshaped to claim credibility for some beliefs while denying it to others. In a timely epilogue, Gieryn finds this same controversy at the heart of the raging "science wars."

Engaging Science

Author : Joseph Rouse
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501718622
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Engaging Science by : Joseph Rouse

Download or read book Engaging Science written by Joseph Rouse and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing this century's major debates over realism and the rationality of scientific knowledge, Joseph Rouse believes that these disputes oversimplify the political and cultural significance of the sciences. He provides an alternative understanding of science that focuses on practices rather than knowledge. Rouse first outlines the shared assumptions by ostensibly opposed interpretive stances toward science: scientific realism, social constructivism, empiricism, and postempiricist historical rationalism. He then advances cultural studies as an alternative approach, one that understands the sciences as ongoing patterns of situated activity whose material setting is part of practice. Cultural studies of science, the author suggests, take seriously their own participation in and engagement with the culture of science, rejecting the purported detachment of earlier philosophical or sociological standpoints. Rather, such studies offer specific, critical discussions of how and why science matters, and to whom, and how opportunites for meaningful understanding and action are transformed by scientific practices.

From Nature to Experience

Author : Roger Lundin
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742548404
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (484 download)

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Book Synopsis From Nature to Experience by : Roger Lundin

Download or read book From Nature to Experience written by Roger Lundin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2007 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is Volume Two, the second of two volumes which describe techniques for the inspection of railroad track in the United States. Track inspection is described from the personal perspective of a retired railroad and Federal Railroad Administration track inspector. This volume covers rail flaws, crossties, continuous welded rail, and other structural conditions. Volume Two ends with a chapter on new automated inspection systems. The book is recommended for new and experienced railroad track inspectors and anyone interested in railroad track safety.