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Researches Into The Probabilities Of Judgements In Criminal And Civil Cases
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Book Synopsis Researches Into the Probabilities of Judgements in Criminal and Civil Cases by : Siméon Denis Poisson
Download or read book Researches Into the Probabilities of Judgements in Criminal and Civil Cases written by Siméon Denis Poisson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Applying Statistics in the Courtroom by : Philip Good
Download or read book Applying Statistics in the Courtroom written by Philip Good and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-07-11 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is directed at both attorneys and statisticians to ensure they will work together successfully on the application of statistics in the law. Attorneys will learn how best to utilize the statistician's talents, while gaining an enriched understanding of the law relevant to audits, jury selection, discrimination, environmental hazards, evidence, and torts as it relates to statistical issues. Statisticians will learn that the law is what judges say it is and to frame their arguments accordingly. This book will increase the effectiveness of both parties in presenting and attacking statistical arguments in the courtroom. Topics covered include sample and survey methods, probability, testing hypotheses, and multiple regression.
Book Synopsis The Error of Truth by : Steven J. Osterlind
Download or read book The Error of Truth written by Steven J. Osterlind and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative thinking is our inclination to view natural and everyday phenomena through a lens of measurable events, with forecasts, odds, predictions, and likelihood playing a dominant part. The Error of Truth recounts the astonishing and unexpected tale of how quantitative thinking came to be, and its rise to primacy in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Additionally, it considers how seeing the world through a quantitative lens has shaped our perception of the world we live in, and explores the lives of the individuals behind its early establishment. This worldview was unlike anything humankind had before, and it came about because of a momentous human achievement: we had learned how to measure uncertainty. Probability as a science was conceptualised. As a result of probability theory, we now had correlations, reliable predictions, regressions, the bellshaped curve for studying social phenomena, and the psychometrics of educational testing. Significantly, these developments happened during a relatively short period in world history— roughly, the 130-year period from 1790 to 1920, from about the close of the Napoleonic era, through the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolutions, to the end of World War I. At which time, transportation had advanced rapidly, due to the invention of the steam engine, and literacy rates had increased exponentially. This brief period in time was ready for fresh intellectual activity, and it gave a kind of impetus for the probability inventions. Quantification is now everywhere in our daily lives, such as in the ubiquitous microchip in smartphones, cars, and appliances; in the Bayesian logic of artificial intelligence, as well as applications in business, engineering, medicine, economics, and elsewhere. Probability is the foundation of quantitative thinking. The Error of Truth tells its story— when, why, and how it happened.
Book Synopsis The Fact-finding Process and Burden of Proof During Litigation by : Jan Hendrik De la Rey
Download or read book The Fact-finding Process and Burden of Proof During Litigation written by Jan Hendrik De la Rey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the manner in which facts are proven with specific emphasis on the role which the concept of probabilities' plays in achieving the burden of proof. It is illustrated that the concept of probabilities' plays a central role throughout the process of determining the accountability of a litigant, including fact-finding during the evaluation of the adduced evidence and the application of the burden of proof. This study distinguishes between the findings of individual facts, as opposed to the finding of whether the case of a party, as reflected by the cumulative effect of the individually proven facts, has been proven. It is submitted that, despite traditionally perceived views, the concept of probabilities' is applied in exactly the same manner to both these aspects of a legal dispute, the only variable being the degree of probabilities as determined by a specific stage and nature of the litigation. The research focuses on both criminal and civil cases. The dissertation is based on current South African practices as reflected in judgments in different law reports and, to some extent, on English and American legal practices. Copyright.
Download or read book Math on Trial written by Leila Schneps and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wrong hands, math can be deadly. Even the simplest numbers can become powerful forces when manipulated by politicians or the media, but in the case of the law, your liberty -- and your life -- can depend on the right calculation. In Math on Trial, mathematicians Leila Schneps and Coralie Colmez describe ten trials spanning from the nineteenth century to today, in which mathematical arguments were used -- and disastrously misused -- as evidence. They tell the stories of Sally Clark, who was accused of murdering her children by a doctor with a faulty sense of calculation; of nineteenth-century tycoon Hetty Green, whose dispute over her aunt's will became a signal case in the forensic use of mathematics; and of the case of Amanda Knox, in which a judge's misunderstanding of probability led him to discount critical evidence -- which might have kept her in jail. Offering a fresh angle on cases from the nineteenth-century Dreyfus affair to the murder trial of Dutch nurse Lucia de Berk, Schneps and Colmez show how the improper application of mathematical concepts can mean the difference between walking free and life in prison. A colorful narrative of mathematical abuse, Math on Trial blends courtroom drama, history, and math to show that legal expertise isn't't always enough to prove a person innocent.
Book Synopsis Evidence, Proof and Probability by : Sir Richard Eggleston
Download or read book Evidence, Proof and Probability written by Sir Richard Eggleston and published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. This book was released on 1983 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
Book Synopsis The Value Gap by : Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen
Download or read book The Value Gap written by Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toni Ronnow-Rasmussen explores the distinction between what is finally good and what is finally good-for: he argues that these two value notions are equally important in ethics and practical deliberation. His analysis challenges the widespread idea that there are no genuine practical and moral dilemmas.
Author :American Bar Association. House of Delegates Publisher :American Bar Association ISBN 13 :9781590318737 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (187 download)
Book Synopsis Model Rules of Professional Conduct by : American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Book Synopsis DNA Technology in Forensic Science by : National Research Council
Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.
Book Synopsis Clinical Trials by : Steven Piantadosi
Download or read book Clinical Trials written by Steven Piantadosi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-05-07 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Trials Comprehensive resource presenting methods essential in planning, designing, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting clinical trials The Fourth Edition of Clinical Trials builds on the text’s reputation as a straightforward, detailed, and authoritative presentation of quantitative methods for clinical trials, discussing principles of design for various types of clinical trials and elements of planning the experiment, assembling a study cohort, assessing data, and reporting results. Each chapter contains an introduction and summary to reinforce key points. Discussion questions stimulate critical thinking and help readers understand how they can apply their newfound knowledge. Written by a highly qualified author with significant experience in the field, the Fourth Edition of Clinical Trials approaches the topic with: Problems that may arise during a trial, and accompanying common sense solutions Design alternatives for addressing many questions in therapeutic development Statistical principles with new and provocative topics, such as generalizing results, operating characteristics, trial issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, and more Alternative medicine, ethics, middle development, comparative studies, adaptive designs, and clinical trials using point of care data Revamped exercise sets, updated and extensive references, new material on endpoints and the developmental pipeline, and revisions of numerous sections, tables, and figures Standing out due to its accessible and broad coverage of statistical design methods which are the building blocks of clinical trials and medical research, Clinical Trials is an essential learning aid on the subject for undergraduate and graduate clinical trials courses.
Book Synopsis Decision Theory and the Legal Process by : Stuart S. Nagel
Download or read book Decision Theory and the Legal Process written by Stuart S. Nagel and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Probability, Random Processes, and Statistical Analysis by : Hisashi Kobayashi
Download or read book Probability, Random Processes, and Statistical Analysis written by Hisashi Kobayashi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with the fundamentals of probability, random processes and statistical analysis, this insightful book also presents a broad range of advanced topics and applications. There is extensive coverage of Bayesian vs. frequentist statistics, time series and spectral representation, inequalities, bound and approximation, maximum-likelihood estimation and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, geometric Brownian motion and Itô process. Applications such as hidden Markov models (HMM), the Viterbi, BCJR, and Baum–Welch algorithms, algorithms for machine learning, Wiener and Kalman filters, and queueing and loss networks are treated in detail. The book will be useful to students and researchers in such areas as communications, signal processing, networks, machine learning, bioinformatics, econometrics and mathematical finance. With a solutions manual, lecture slides, supplementary materials and MATLAB programs all available online, it is ideal for classroom teaching as well as a valuable reference for professionals.
Book Synopsis Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence for Forensic Scientists by : Colin Aitken
Download or read book Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence for Forensic Scientists written by Colin Aitken and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-08-13 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence for Forensic Scientists established itself as a highly regarded authority on this area. Fully revised and updated, the second edition provides significant new material on areas of current interest including: Glass Interpretation Fibres Interpretation Bayes’ Nets The title presents comprehensive coverage of the statistical evaluation of forensic evidence. It is written with the assumption of a modest mathematical background and is illustrated throughout with up-to-date examples from a forensic science background. The clarity of exposition makes this book ideal for all forensic scientists, lawyers and other professionals in related fields interested in the quantitative assessment and evaluation of evidence. 'There can be no doubt that the appreciation of some evidence in a court of law has been greatly enhanced by the sound use of statistical ideas and one can be confident that the next decade will see further developments, during which time this book will admirably serve those who have cause to use statistics in forensic science.' D.V. Lindley
Book Synopsis Hypothetical Thinking by : Jonathan St B. T. Evans
Download or read book Hypothetical Thinking written by Jonathan St B. T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B. T. Evans presents his pioneering hypothetical thinking theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical thinking theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this Classic Edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students.
Book Synopsis Cambridge International AS and A Level Mathematics: Probability & Statistics 2 Coursebook by : Jayne Kranat
Download or read book Cambridge International AS and A Level Mathematics: Probability & Statistics 2 Coursebook written by Jayne Kranat and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series has been developed specifically for the Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics (9709) syllabus to be examined from 2020. Cambridge International AS & A Level Mathematics: Probability & Statistics 2 matches the corresponding unit of the syllabus, with a clear and logical progression through. It contains materials on topics such as hypothesis testing, Poisson distribution, linear combinations and continuous random variables, and sampling. This coursebook contains a variety of features including recap sections for students to check their prior knowledge, detailed explanations and worked examples, end-of-chapter and cross-topic review exercises and 'Explore' tasks to encourage deeper thinking around mathematical concepts. Answers to coursebook questions are at the back of the book.
Book Synopsis Thought and Knowledge by : Diane F. Halpern
Download or read book Thought and Knowledge written by Diane F. Halpern and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-10-25 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thought and Knowledge applies theory and research from the learning sciences to teach students the critical thinking skills that they need to succeed in today’s world. The text identifies, defines, discusses, and deconstructs contemporary challenges to critical thinking, from fake news, alternative facts, and deep fakes, to misinformation, disinformation, post-truth, and more. It guides students through the explosion of content on the internet and social media and enables them to become careful and critical evaluators as well as consumers. The text is grounded in psychological science, especially the cognitive sciences, and brought to life through humorous and engaging language and numerous practical and real-world examples and anecdotes. This edition has been streamlined with thoughtful consideration over what content to keep, what to cut, and how much new and current research to add. Critical thinking skills are presented in every chapter, empowering students to learn more efficiently, research more productively, and present logical, critical, and informed arguments. The skills are reviewed at the end of the chapter, and a complete list of skills with definitions and examples are included in the appendix. The text is supported by a companion website that features a robust set of instructor and student resources: www.routledge.com/cw/halpern. Thought and Knowledge can be used as a core text in critical thinking courses offered in departments of psychology, philosophy, English, or across the humanities and social sciences, or as a supplement in any course where critical thinking is emphasized.
