Receptor Usage And Pathogenesis In Acute And Chronic Viral Infection

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Receptor usage and pathogenesis in acute and chronic viral infection

Author : Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190668
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Receptor usage and pathogenesis in acute and chronic viral infection by : Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota

Download or read book Receptor usage and pathogenesis in acute and chronic viral infection written by Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first phase of the viral life cycle, the virus enters cells using a specific cell surface receptor. Many viruses use multiple receptors: some of which are unique to a certain cell type, while others are ubiquitous in many cell types. Depending on the receptors used, the viral cell tropism is determined, which may result in the characteristic distribution of virus- infected cells/tissues. Obviously, virus entry is not the whole story. After the virus enters, various cellular proteins interact with it – some support virus replication, while others inhibit it. The intrinsic anti-viral cellular machinery differs among cell types; thus, viral cell tropism based on the receptor usage plays an important role in the pathogenesis. For example, HIV-1 utilizes one of two co-receptors, CXCR4 or CCR5, in addition to a major receptor, CD4. CCR5 expression is restricted to a certain subset of memory CD4+T cells, while CXCR4 expression is rather ubiquitous among CD4+T cells. Therefore, the latent infection of CCR5-utilizing HIV-1 in resting memory (CCR5+) T cells would be largely responsible for intermittent virus blimps accompanied by immune activation during chronic HIV infection. This may explain why CCR5-utilizing HIV-1 is preferentially isolated in the early phase of HIV-1 infection, even when the HIV-1 transmitter carries CXCR4-utilizing HIV-1 in abundance. In the case of the measles virus, CD150 (Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule: SLAM) is a major receptor, while vaccine strains utilize CD46 when CD150 is not available. The third possible entry receptor would also be utilized for the infection of lung epithelial cells. The impact of these receptor usages in vivo on the disease outcome is now under investigation. We also know that the distinct use of host cell sugar moieties mediates species tropism in the influenza virus, and that a mutant virus breaking the species barrier is highly pathogenic in humans. Thanks to the recent development of reverse genetics, it is now possible to visualize virus-infected cells, or even the virus itself, by using highly sensitive flow cytometery or microscopy. How viral cell tropism, determined by the receptor used, can affect the disease course of acute and chronic virus infection is an important question to address. In this Research Topic, we focus on studies connecting virus receptor usage and the pathogenesis of various viruses causing acute or chronic infection.

Persistent Viral Infections

Author : R. Ahmed
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Persistent Viral Infections by : R. Ahmed

Download or read book Persistent Viral Infections written by R. Ahmed and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1999 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent Viral Infections Edited by Rafi Ahmed Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, USA and Irvin S. Y. Chen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA During the past decade much of our attention has focused on diseases associated with viral persistence. Major breakthroughs in immunology, and the advent of molecular approaches to study pathogenesis have increased our understanding of the complex virus-host interactions that occur during viral persistence. Persistent Viral Infections focuses on: * The pathogenesis and immunology of chronic infections * Animal models that provide, or have the potential to provide, major insights This volume will be essential reading for virologists, immunologists, oncologists and neurologists.

Fenner and White's Medical Virology

Author : Christopher J. Burrell
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123751578
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Fenner and White's Medical Virology by : Christopher J. Burrell

Download or read book Fenner and White's Medical Virology written by Christopher J. Burrell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fenner and White's Medical Virology, Fifth Edition provides an integrated view of related sciences, from cell biology, to medical epidemiology and human social behavior. The perspective represented by this book, that of medical virology as an infectious disease science, is meant to provide a starting point, an anchor, for those who must relate the subject to clinical practice, public health practice, scholarly research, and other endeavors. The book presents detailed exposition on the properties of viruses, how viruses replicate, and how viruses cause disease. These chapters are then followed by an overview of the principles of diagnosis, epidemiology, and how virus infections can be controlled. The first section concludes with a discussion on emergence and attempts to predict the next major public health challenges. These form a guide for delving into the specific diseases of interest to the reader as described in Part II. This lucid and concise, yet comprehensive, text is admirably suited to the needs of not only advanced students of science and medicine, but also postgraduate students, teachers, and research workers in all areas of virology. Features updated and expanded coverage of pathogenesis and immunity Contains the latest laboratory diagnostic methods Provides insights into clinical features of human viral disease, vaccines, chemotherapy, epidemiology, and control

SARS, MERS and other Viral Lung Infections

Author : David S. Hui
Publisher : European Respiratory Society
ISBN 13 : 1849840709
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis SARS, MERS and other Viral Lung Infections by : David S. Hui

Download or read book SARS, MERS and other Viral Lung Infections written by David S. Hui and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral respiratory tract infections are important and common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past two decades, several novel viral respiratory infections have emerged with epidemic potential that threaten global health security. This Monograph aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome and other viral respiratory infections, including seasonal influenza, avian influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus, through six chapters written by authoritative experts from around the globe.

Viral Pathogenesis

Author : Michael G. Katze
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128011742
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Viral Pathogenesis by : Michael G. Katze

Download or read book Viral Pathogenesis written by Michael G. Katze and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Pathogenesis: From Basics to Systems Biology, Third Edition, has been thoroughly updated to cover topical advances in the evolving field of viral pathogenesis, while also providing the requisite classic foundational information for which it is recognized. The book provides key coverage of the newfound ability to profile molecular events on a system-wide scale, which has led to a deeper understanding of virus-host interactions, host signaling and molecular-interaction networks, and the role of host genetics in determining disease outcome. In addition, the content has been augmented with short chapters on seminal breakthroughs and profiles of their progenitors, as well as short commentaries on important or controversial issues in the field. Thus, the reader will be given a view of virology research with perspectives on issues such as biomedical ethics, public health policy, and human health. In summary, the third edition will give the student a sense of the exciting new perspectives on viral pathogenesis that have been provided by recent developments in genomics, computation, modeling, and systems biology. Covers all aspects of viral infection, including viral entry, replication, and release, as well as innate and adaptive immunity and viral pathogenesis Provides a fresh perspective on the approaches used to understand how viruses cause disease Features molecular profiling techniques, whole genome sequencing, and innovative computational methods Highlights the use of contemporary approaches and the insights they provide to the field

Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis

Author : A. L. Notkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461252504
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis by : A. L. Notkins

Download or read book Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis written by A. L. Notkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current proliferation of scientific information makes it difficult for even the most diligent reader to keep up with the latest developments in his/her own field, let alone other areas of interest. Review articles are one solution, but they too have become so voluminous and detailed that they often defeat the purpose for which they were intended. We have attempted to ease this problem by using a different format. In this volume on Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis, we have assembled a series of mini-reviews/editorials, 1,000 to 2,000 words in length. Each is a pithy distil lation of the state-of-the-art with emphasis on current thinking and unifying concepts rather than a compendium of the literature. The 53 articles, all written by active workers in their respective fields, are organized systemati cally so that the book will provide busy investigators, teachers and students of up-to-date information in a very brief and easily read a conceptual core able form. In addition, the authors have attempted to identify unresolved problems and point to future directions.

Advanced Concepts in Human Immunology: Prospects for Disease Control

Author : Pooja Jain
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030339467
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Concepts in Human Immunology: Prospects for Disease Control by : Pooja Jain

Download or read book Advanced Concepts in Human Immunology: Prospects for Disease Control written by Pooja Jain and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights information derived primarily from clinical samples, with particular reference to theoretical and scientific aspects of the human immune system. This text will focus on topics that range from host-pathogen interactions in infectious disease to host immune response in cancer, allergic diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. The reader will also have a well-rounded understanding of the behavior of the immune system with particular emphasis on the role of immunoproteomics in immunotherapy, neuroprotective immunity for neurodegenerative and neuroinfectious disease, leukemia-associated dendritic cell induction of adaptive immunity dysregulation, and the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer, infection, as well as neuroinflammation. Taken together, the contents of this book are intended for both clinicians and researchers in academia and industry.

Prevention And Control Of Covid-19

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811220514
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Prevention And Control Of Covid-19 by :

Download or read book Prevention And Control Of Covid-19 written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shanghai COVID-19 Medical Treatment Expert Team edits this timely guide for effective prevention and control of COVID-19. Readers will obtain useful guidance on prevention and control of COVID-19 in different places ranging from homes, outdoors, workplaces, etc. You will know 'What is the purpose and significance of home quarantine?', ' When do you need to wear a mask?', 'How should you wash your hands?', 'Do you need to wear a mask in an elevator?', 'What foods are safe to eat and what are not?', 'How to deal with express parcels from major epidemic areas or other areas?' and many other useful tips.Related Link(s)

Receptor-independent/-associated viral tropism

Author : Akio Adachi
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 288919048X
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Receptor-independent/-associated viral tropism by : Akio Adachi

Download or read book Receptor-independent/-associated viral tropism written by Akio Adachi and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important and outstanding characteristics of viruses is their cellular and host tropism. As parasitic entities, viruses have to compromise with numbers of positive and negative factors present in target cells for their survival. In the absence of an appropriate interaction with cells, they do not replicate at all. Viral tropism can be therefore determined at each replication step, from the entry to progeny production in target cells. There are two major types of viral tropism, that is, the receptor-dependent and -independent tropisms. Restriction of viral replication occurs on the cell surface (receptor-dependent viral entry step) and/or intracellularly (receptor-independent post-entry replication steps). Viruses have acquired some mechanisms through adaptive mutations and/or recombinations to counteract a wide variety of cellular restriction factors, or to correctly interact with numerous cellular factors necessary for replication. They thereby can replicate, spread and survive in certain cell lineages, tissues, organs and finally in host individuals. This evolutional process/pressure would have generated profound effects on the biological properties of viruses. Recently, many cellular anti-viral factors with unique action mechanisms in addition to co-viral factors have been discovered by extensive studies on molecular genetics of viruses. Researches of these factors would lead to the effective clinical applications, as well as the increase of basic biological knowledge. In this Research Topic, we focus on the receptor-independent and uniquely associated viral tropism other than the strictly receptor-dependent or -mediated one. By presenting a series of centered articles, we describe here the unique properties of various virus species. Any types of the tier 1 article would be accepted and included in this Topic.

The Liver

Author : Irwin M. Arias
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119436834
Total Pages : 3126 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Liver by : Irwin M. Arias

Download or read book The Liver written by Irwin M. Arias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 3126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Molecular Virology

Author : Susanne Modrow
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642207174
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Virology by : Susanne Modrow

Download or read book Molecular Virology written by Susanne Modrow and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive overview on the knowledge of virus infection relevant for humans and animals. For each virus family the molecular details of the virus particle and the viral replication cycle are described. In the case of virus types with relevance for human and/or animal health the data on molecular biology, genetics and virus-cell interaction are combined with those concerning, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinics, prevention and therapy.

Coronaviruses

Author : Helena Jane Maier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781493924387
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Coronaviruses by : Helena Jane Maier

Download or read book Coronaviruses written by Helena Jane Maier and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to describe a variety of techniques that reflects the wide range of research currently performed in the field of coronavirology, and begins with an overview of current understandings of coronavirus replication and pathogenesis to introduce specialists and non-specialists to the field. The rest of the book is divided into several sections of chapters beginning with those that describe identification, diagnosis, and study of the evolution of coronaviruses. The next few chapters discuss the preparation of cells and organ cultures useful in propagating coronaviruses and titration techniques, as well as techniques for analyzing virus functions that require purification of the viruses. The next chapters describe two commonly used reverse genetics techniques for coronaviruses, and techniques detailing identification of cellular receptors, binding profiles of viral attachment proteins, and virus-cell fusion. The final chapters cover a broad spectrum of techniques to identify virus-host protein-protein interactions, confirm the functional role of these proteins in virus replication, study host cell responses through genome-wide or pathway-specific approaches, and visualize virus replication complexes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory. Authoritative and practical, Coronaviruses: Methods and Protocols appeals to a wide variety of scientists because it highlights techniques that are currently used in the coronovirology field, while also discussing practices applicable to other virology fields.

Human Cytomegalovirus

Author : Thomas E. Shenk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540773495
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Cytomegalovirus by : Thomas E. Shenk

Download or read book Human Cytomegalovirus written by Thomas E. Shenk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-09 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume has gathered some of the experts in the field to review aspects of our understanding of CMV and to offer perspectives of the current problems associated with CMV. The editors and authors hope that the chapters will lead to a better understanding of the virus that will assist in the development of new and unique antivirals, a protective vaccine, and a full understanding of CMV's involvement in human disease.

Virus-Induced Immunosuppression

Author : Steven Specter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468455834
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Virus-Induced Immunosuppression by : Steven Specter

Download or read book Virus-Induced Immunosuppression written by Steven Specter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now widely acknowledged that at the beginning of this century Claude von Pirquet first pointed out that a viral disease, i. e. , measles, resulted in an anergy or depression of preexisting immune response, namely, delayed continuous hypersensitivity to PPD derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thereafter ob servations that viral infections may result in immunosuppression have been recorded by many clinicians and infectious disease investigators for six or seven decades. Nevertheless, despite sporadic reports that infectious diseases caused by viruses may result in either transient or prolonged immunodepression, investigation of this phenomenon languished until the mid-1960s, when it was pointed out that a number of experimental retroviral infections of mice with tumor viruses may result in marked immunosuppression. However, it was not until the recognition of the new epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syn drome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and related vi ruses that acquired immunodeficiencies associated with virus infection became general knowledge among biomedical investigators as well as the lay public. A number of reviews published during the past decade or so pointed out that numerous viruses may affect humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, expanding knowledge about the nature and mechanisms of both humoral and cellular immunity and pathogenesis of viral infections has pro vided clinical and experimental models for investigating in depth how and why viruses of man and animals profoundly affect immune responses.

Polymicrobial Diseases

Author : Kim A. Brogden
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymicrobial Diseases by : Kim A. Brogden

Download or read book Polymicrobial Diseases written by Kim A. Brogden and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymicrobial diseases, those involving more than one etiologic agent, are more common than is generally realized and include respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hepatitis, periodontal diseases, multiple sclerosis, genital infections, intra -- abdominal infections, and pertussis.

Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Author : American Academy of Pediatrics
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases by : American Academy of Pediatrics

Download or read book Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases written by American Academy of Pediatrics and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on key content from Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 27th Edition, the new Red Bookr Atlas is a useful quick reference tool for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of more than 75 of the most commonly seen pediatric infectious diseases. Includes more than 500 full-color images adjacent to concise diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Essential information on each condition is presented in the precise sequence needed in the clinical setting: Clinical manifestations, Etiology, Epidemiology, Incubation period, Diagnostic tests, Treatment

Principles of Molecular Virology

Author : Alan Cann
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780120887897
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Molecular Virology by : Alan Cann

Download or read book Principles of Molecular Virology written by Alan Cann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-07-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Principles of Molecular Virology, Fourth Edition" provides an essential introduction to modern virology in a clear and concise manner. It is a highly enjoyable and readable text with numerous illustrations that enhance the reader's understanding of important principles. It contains new material on virus structure, virus evolution, zoonoses, bushmeat, SARS and bioterrorism. The standard version includes a CD-ROM with Flash animations, virtual interactive tutorials and experiments, self-assessment questions, useful online resources, along with the glossary, classification of subcellular infectious agents and history of virology.