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Public Health Expenditure And Under Five Mortality In Low Income Sub Saharan African Countries
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Book Synopsis Public Health Expenditure and Under-Five Mortality in Low-Income Sub-Saharan African Countries by : Fidelis Issah AYIPE
Download or read book Public Health Expenditure and Under-Five Mortality in Low-Income Sub-Saharan African Countries written by Fidelis Issah AYIPE and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: In the year 2019 whiles the total world under-five mortalities was estimated at about 5.2 million, Sub-Saharan Africa contributed about 55% of these global under-five mortalities. In other words, the region alone recorded about 2.8 million under-five deaths out of the global 5.2 million under-five mortalities in 2019. On the other hand, public health expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa though very low as compared to other regions has also seen a steady increase over the years. This has resulted in an increased interest of researchers and policymakers in scrutinizing the effect of healthcare spending on health status in Sub-Saharan Africa's low-income countries. This study, therefore, investigated the association between public healthcare spending and the under-five mortality rate in low-income countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A balanced panel of data from twenty low-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa was sourced from the World Development Indicators dataset spanning the year 2000 to 2019. The under-5 mortality rate was used as the outcome variable whereas domestic health expenditure was used as the independent variable of interest. Total fertility rate, percentage population of females, the practice of open defecation, and immunization against diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) were considered potential confounding variables. The static model was applied. To arrive at the appropriate model for the study, the robust Hausman test was employed to aid in the selection between the random effect estimator and the fixed effect estimator, and the results led to the selection of the fixed effect estimator. Results: The results showed that domestic health spending has a significantly negative relationship (Fixed Effects= -5.275; p
Book Synopsis Health Expenditures, Services and Outcomes in Africa by : David H. Peters
Download or read book Health Expenditures, Services and Outcomes in Africa written by David H. Peters and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past thirty years, Sub-Saharan African countries have made remarkable improvements in health conditions and status. However, they still suffer from some of the worst health problems in the world, and AIDS is making conditions much worse than they will be otherwise. This study, health expenditures, services, and outcomes in Africa considers 48 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and outlines broad patterns of health spending, service delivery, mortality, fertility and nutrition in the early to mid-1990s. The study focuses on how to better monitor progress and use information to identify problems and improve health outcomes within and among different African countries. Good information about inputs, processes and results in the health sector is vital for policymakers to make intelligent choices about health strategies and investments, and often is simply not available. For purposes of the study, countries were classified as lowest-income, low-income and middle-income categories. Over three quarters of the African countries are low income or even lowest income countries, and nearly all have weak health management systems.
Book Synopsis Health Expenditures, Services, and Outcomes in Africa by :
Download or read book Health Expenditures, Services, and Outcomes in Africa written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 30 years, African countries have made remarkable improvements in health conditions and status. However, they still suffer from some of the worst health conditions in the world. This study sets out to make available national-level information on health expenditures, health service outputs, and health outcomes in a way that could assist health planning and policy development in Africa. It outlines broad patterns of health spending, service delivery, mortality, fertility and malnutrition in Africa in the early to mid 1990s. By also exploring gaps in information available and potential uses of health information, the paper intends to stimulate discussion on how better to monitor progress and use information for better health outcomes within and among different African countries. The data covered in the study include major macroeconomic indicators, such as real GDP, rate of GDP growth, inflation rate, and per capita official development assistance. Key social indicators are presented, including the level of education, and access to safe water and sanitation. The detailed data contained in the annex tables from which the analytic results are derived invite readers to make additional analyses of their own.
Book Synopsis Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Dean T. Jamison
Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Public Health Expenditure and Child Mortality in Southern Africa by : Chamunorwa Nyamuranga
Download or read book Public Health Expenditure and Child Mortality in Southern Africa written by Chamunorwa Nyamuranga and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically assess the effect of public health expenditure on child mortality in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region in comparison to the developing world as a whole and the region of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodologyThis study used panel data extracted from the World Development Indicators database for the period 2000-2013 for 98 developing countries including 15 SADC countries. A dynamic panel data model of child mortality was estimated using the system generalized method of moments (GMM) technique.FindingsResults indicate that public health expenditure has a statistically significant effect on reducing infant and under-five mortality rates in the developing world and that this effect is strongest in the SADC. Immunization and female literacy contributed significantly to the prevention of deaths of infants and children under five in developing countries. In the region of SSA, improved water sources and the reduction in the prevalence of HIV were found to be effective in reducing childhood mortality. There was little evidence for the benefit of higher GDP per capita.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest four policy areas which should be prioritized in public health spending to achieve better health among children: ensuring that females have better access to education, providing immunizations, intensifying interventions against the spread of HIV/AIDS, and improving water and sanitation infrastructure.Originality/valueThis study, which shows that the benefits of public health expenditure may be augmented by regional collaborations like the SADC, is one of the first to explore regional heterogeneity in the effectiveness of public health expenditure for the improvement of children's health across the developing world.
Book Synopsis The Continuing Epidemiological Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Continuing Epidemiological Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the poorest and least developed regions in the world, sub-Saharan Africa has long faced a heavy burden of disease, with malaria, tuberculosis, and, more recently, HIV being among the most prominent contributors to that burden. Yet in most parts of Africa-and especially in those areas with the greatest health care needs-the data available to health planners to better understand and address these problems are extremely limited. The vast majority of Africans are born and will die without being recorded in any document or spearing in official statistics. With few exceptions, African countries have no civil registration systems in place and hence are unable to continuously generate vital statistics or to provide systematic information on patterns of cause of death, relying instead on periodic household-level surveys or intense and continuous monitoring of small demographic surveillance sites to provide a partial epidemiological and demographic profile of the population. In 1991 the Committee on Population of the National Academy of Sciences organized a workshop on the epidemiological transition in developing countries. The workshop brought together medical experts, epidemiologists, demographers, and other social scientists involved in research on the epidemiological transition in developing countries to discuss the nature of the ongoing transition, identify the most important contributors to the overall burden of disease, and discuss how such information could be used to assist policy makers in those countries to establish priorities with respect to the prevention and management of the main causes of ill health. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from a workshop convened in October 2011 that featured invited speakers on the topic of epidemiological transition in sub-Saharan Africa. The workshop was organized by a National Research Council panel of experts in various aspects of the study of epidemiological transition and of sub-Saharan data sources. The Continuing Epidemiological Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa serves as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop in October 2011.
Download or read book World Development Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the interplay between human health, health policy and economic development. Because good health increases the economic productivity of individuals and the economic growth rate of countries, investing in health is one means of accelerating development. More important, good health is a goal in itself. During the past forty years life expectancy in the developing world has risen and child mortality has decreased, sometimes dramatically. But progress is only one side of the picture. The toll from childhood and tropical diseases remains high even as new problems -- including AIDS and the diseases of aging populations -- appear on the scene. And all countries are struggling with the problems of controlling health expenditures and making health care accessible to the broad population. This report examines the controversial questions surrounding health care and health policy. Its findings are based in large part on innovative research, including estimation of the global burden of disease and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. These assessments can help in setting priorities for health spending. The report advocates a threefold approach to health policy for governments in developing countries and in the formerly socialist countries. First, to foster an economic environment that will enable households to improve their own health. Policies for economic growth that ensure income gains for the poor are essential. So, too, is expanded investment in schooling, particularly for girls. Second, redirect government spending away from specialized care and toward such low-cost and highly effective activities such as immunization, programs to combat micronutrient deficiencies, and control and treatment of infectious diseases. By adopting the packages of public health measures and essential clinical care described in the report, developing countries could reduce their burden of disease by 25 percent. Third, encourage greater diversity and competition in the provision of health services by decentralizing government services, promoting competitive procurement practices, fostering greater involvement by nongovernmental and other private organizations, and regulating insurance markets. These reforms could translate into longer, healthier, and more productive lives for people around the world, and especially for the more than 1 billion poor.
Book Synopsis Healthcare and Disease Burden in Africa by : Ilha Niohuru
Download or read book Healthcare and Disease Burden in Africa written by Ilha Niohuru and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-18 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book evaluates African healthcare systems from multiple perspectives. By examining empirical data from various African countries, it analyzes the effects of socioeconomic factors such as urbanization, population growth, and education on various health indicators, including the situation of health professionals, patients's decision making, health resource distribution, mortality rates, and the burden of disease. Furthermore, topics such as the use of social media in healthcare and insurance policy in Africa are addressed. This book appeals to scholars and professionals interested in healthcare in Africa.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Burden of Disease and Returns to Education in Rural West Africa by : Ralph Würthwein
Download or read book Measuring the Burden of Disease and Returns to Education in Rural West Africa written by Ralph Würthwein and published by Duncker & Humblot. This book was released on 2003-11-07 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The success of health economics and its guidance for health policy heavily rests on the availability of reliable empirical evidence on the demographic, economic, and epidemiological environment, on behavioral relationships, and on the impact of policy interventions. For Sub-Saharan Africa, especially the epidemiological situation is unclear, since comprehensive systems of mortality and health statistics are often absent.The economic analysis of health naturally places a special focus on the interrelation between health and economic well-being: the overall disease burden decreases when a country grows richer, and the share of communicable diseases decreases in the process of economic development, whereas the share of non-communicable diseases increases. In those parts of Sub-Saharan Africa that are mainly dominated by traditional subsistence farming, however, it is difficult to examine questions of income and health for simple fundamental reasons. A vital prerequisite for an empirical investigation is the thorough and accurate measurement of income. Yet, both the measurement of the burden of disease and the measurement of income are research tasks that are far from being fulfilled for Sub-Saharan Africa. A further issue that is related with economic well-being and health is education. For poor rural regions predominated by traditional subsistence farming it is far from clear whether investments in human capital are worthwhile.The present study addesses this research gap by producing empirical evidence on the measurement of the burden of disease, the structure of income, and returns to education in rural West Africa. Concretely it deals with the collection and analysis of mortality, morbidity, and socio-economic data in the Nouna Health District in the North-West of Burkina Faso. The study was accepted as a doctoral thesis at the University of Heidelberg. Earlier versions of some of its chapters have been published as working papers or in international journals.
Book Synopsis Health Status and Health Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Download or read book Health Status and Health Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Crisis, Health Systems and Health in Europe by : Sarah Thomson
Download or read book Economic Crisis, Health Systems and Health in Europe written by Sarah Thomson and published by Open University Press. This book was released on 2015-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic shocks pose a threat to health and health system performance by increasing people's need for health care and making access to care more difficult - a situation compounded by cuts in public spending on health and other social services. But these negative effects can be avoided by timely public policy action. While important public policy levers lie outside the health sector, in the hands of those responsible for fiscal policy and social protection, the health system response is critical. This book looks at how health systems in Europe reacted to pressure created by the financial and economic crisis that began in 2008. Drawing on the experience of over 45 countries, the authors:' analyse health system responses to the crisis in three policy areas: public funding for the health system; health coverage; and health service planning, purchasing and delivery 'assess the impact of these responses on health systems and population health' identify policies most likely to sustain the performance of health systems facing financial pressure' explore the political economy of implementing reforms in a crisisThe book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the choices available to policy-makers - and the implications of failing to protect health and health-system performance - in the face of economic and other forms of shock.--
Book Synopsis Mortality Levels, Patterns and Determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Exploring the Region's Prospect for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for Health by : Olatunji Bankole
Download or read book Mortality Levels, Patterns and Determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Exploring the Region's Prospect for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for Health written by Olatunji Bankole and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presentation slides from the year 2017 in the subject Sociology - Social System and Social Structure, Obafemi Awolowo University, language: English, abstract: The life expectancy rates are lower in the sub-Saharan African region than in any other region of the world. Therefore, this presentation strives to draw attention to the determinants of mortality there. The goal is to extensively review the level and patterns of mortality in the area, to further explore the determining factors responsible for prevalence levels of mortality in the sub-Sharan African regions, and to explore the sub-Sahara region's prospect for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for Health. Evidently, there are needs to be met and actions to be taken. While being exposed to the dangers of malaria, mental health and high infant mortality, striving for the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals for Health in the region is non-negotiable.
Book Synopsis Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Richard G. Feachem
Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Richard G. Feachem and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book marks the first step in a new review of health policy - a review that focuses specifically on sub - Saharan Africa. Several factors make this exercise particularly timely: 1) the concern that the economic downturn of the early 1980s may have adversely affected the health sector in Africa; 2) the need to evaluate the impact of primary health care strategies, especially the key elements of immunization and oral rehydration; 3) the completion of a substantial body of epidemiological and demographic analyses, which provides a much improved empirical basis for assessing health conditions and recent health trends; 4) the concern that the global emergence of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and its sharp impact in selected African foci have undermined development prospects in some countries; and 5) the potential value of explicitly seeking lessons from the Bank's experience with health sector operations in Africa. The chapters in this book were commissioned to address the third point - to assemble in one place lessons from the analyses of the epidemiological and demographic conditions that define the problems facing Africa's health systems. This book sets an important part of the agenda of work for African health officials over the next decade.
Download or read book Healthy Partnerships written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the private health sector is an important, and often dominant, provider of health services in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is the job of governments as the stewards of the health system to engage with it. Increasing the contributions that the existing private health sector is making to public health is an important, but often neglected, element of meeting the daunting health-related challenges facing African nations. This Report presents newly collected data on how and how effectively each country in the Africa region is engaging the respective private health sectors; and how the engagement compares across the region. While the approach taken by governments varies greatly between countries, there is much room for improvement in the Africa region overall to engage more effectively and room for exchange of ideas and good practices on how to do so. Improved solutions on the policy/regulatory side should be supported by effective organization of the private sector itself and by adjustments in donor programs that take the dynamics of the private health sector better into account.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Child Mortality in Africa by : Ali Enami
Download or read book Determinants of Child Mortality in Africa written by Ali Enami and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current literature is ambiguous regarding the significance of public health expenditure in reducing mortality rate among children in cross country studies. In fact, several previous studies found the relationship between these two variables to be insignificant. Such findings indicate the existence of a huge inefficiency in public sector of struggling countries and discourage supports provided by donating entities. This study addresses the disagreement in the literature by pointing out how results are sensitive to the use of non-stationary variables that are used often in the literature. Using a Panel Vector Autoregressive model, no empirical evidence for the role of public health expenditure in reducing child mortality is found when non-stationary variables are used. However, results are significantly different as soon as stationary variables are substituted in the same model. In fact, the elasticity of under five mortality rate with respect to per capita public health expenditure is about -0.22 for African countries in the sample.
Book Synopsis World Health Statistics 2015 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book World Health Statistics 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Health Statistics 2015 contains WHO's annual compilation of health-related data for its 194 Member States and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. This year it also includes highlight summaries on the topics of reducing the gaps between the world's most-advantaged and least-advantaged countries and on current trends in official development assistance (ODA) for health. As in previous years World Health Statistics 2015 has been compiled using publications and databases produced and maintained by WHO technical programmes and regional offices. A number of demographic and socioeconomic statistics have also been derived from databases maintained by a range of other organizations.
Book Synopsis Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa by :
Download or read book Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors present an integrated macroeconomic approach to monitoring progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. At the heart of their approach is a macroeconomic model that captures key linkages between foreign aid, public investment (disaggregated into education, infrastructure, and health), the supply side, and poverty. The model is linked through cross-section regressions to indicators of malnutrition, infant mortality, life expectancy, and access to safe water. A composite MDG indicator is also calculated. The functioning of the framework is illustrated by simulating the impact of an increase in aid and a debt write-off for Niger at the MDG horizon of 2015, under alternative assumptions about the degree of efficiency of public investment. The authors' approach can serve as the building block of Strategy Papers for Human Development (SPAHD), a more encompassing concept than the current "Poverty Reduction" Strategy Papers."
