Pandemic in Potosí

Download Pandemic in Potosí PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271092254
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pandemic in Potosí by : Kris Lane

Download or read book Pandemic in Potosí written by Kris Lane and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1719, a deadly and highly contagious disease took hold of the Imperial Villa of Potosí, a silver mining metropolis in what is now Bolivia. Within a year, the pathogen had killed some 22,000 people, just over a third of the city’s residents. Victims collapsed with fever, body aches, and effusions of blood from the nose and mouth. Most died within days. The great Andean pandemic of 1717–22 was likely the most destructive disease to strike South America since the days of the Spanish conquest. Pandemic in Potosí features the single longest narrative of this nearly forgotten period, penned by local historian Bartolomé Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela, along with shorter treatments of the disease’s ravages in Cuzco, Arequipa, and the outskirts of Lima. The “Gran Peste,” as it was called, was a pivotal event about which Arzáns wrote at length because he lived through it, but also because it was believed to have cosmic significance. Kris Lane translates and contextualizes Arzáns’s account, which is rich in local detail that sheds light on a range of topics—from therapeutics, devotional life, class relations, gender, and race to conceptions of illness, sin, and human will and responsibility during a major public health crisis. Original narratives of the pandemic, translated here for the first time, help readers see commonalities and differences between past and present disease encounters. Designed for use in courses on Latin American history, this concise work will also interest scholars and students of the history of religion, history of medicine, urban studies, and epidemiology.

Pandemic in Potosí

Download Pandemic in Potosí PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271092262
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pandemic in Potosí by : Kris Lane

Download or read book Pandemic in Potosí written by Kris Lane and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1719, a deadly and highly contagious disease took hold of the Imperial Villa of Potosí, a silver mining metropolis in what is now Bolivia. Within a year, the pathogen had killed some 22,000 people, just over a third of the city’s residents. Victims collapsed with fever, body aches, and effusions of blood from the nose and mouth. Most died within days. The great Andean pandemic of 1717–22 was likely the most destructive disease to strike South America since the days of the Spanish conquest. Pandemic in Potosí features the single longest narrative of this nearly forgotten period, penned by local historian Bartolomé Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela, along with shorter treatments of the disease’s ravages in Cuzco, Arequipa, and the outskirts of Lima. The “Gran Peste,” as it was called, was a pivotal event about which Arzáns wrote at length because he lived through it, but also because it was believed to have cosmic significance. Kris Lane translates and contextualizes Arzáns’s account, which is rich in local detail that sheds light on a range of topics—from therapeutics, devotional life, class relations, gender, and race to conceptions of illness, sin, and human will and responsibility during a major public health crisis. Original narratives of the pandemic, translated here for the first time, help readers see commonalities and differences between past and present disease encounters. Designed for use in courses on Latin American history, this concise work will also interest scholars and students of the history of religion, history of medicine, urban studies, and epidemiology.

Influenza A Virus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition

Download Influenza A Virus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464926697
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Influenza A Virus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Influenza A Virus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influenza A Virus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Influenza A Virus. The editors have built Influenza A Virus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Influenza A Virus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Influenza A Virus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Mathematical Modeling, Simulations, and AI for Emergent Pandemic Diseases

Download Mathematical Modeling, Simulations, and AI for Emergent Pandemic Diseases PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323950655
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling, Simulations, and AI for Emergent Pandemic Diseases by : Esteban A. Hernandez-Vargas

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling, Simulations, and AI for Emergent Pandemic Diseases written by Esteban A. Hernandez-Vargas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical Modeling, Simulations, and Artificial Intelligence for Emergent Pandemic Diseases: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 includes new research, models and simulations developed during the COVID-19 pandemic into how mathematical methods and practice can impact future response. Chapters go beyond forecasting COVID-19, bringing different scale angles and mathematical techniques (e.g., ordinary differential and difference equations, agent-based models, artificial intelligence, and complex networks) which could have potential use in modeling other emergent pandemic diseases. A major part of the book focuses on preparing the scientific community for the next pandemic, particularly the application of mathematical modeling in ecology, economics and epidemiology. Readers will benefit from learning how to apply advanced mathematical modeling to a variety of topics of practical interest, including optimal allocations of masks and vaccines but also more theoretical problems such as the evolution of viral variants. Provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in mathematical modeling and computational simulations for emerging pandemics Presents modeling techniques that go beyond COVID-19, and that can be applied to tailoring interventions to attenuate high death tolls Includes illustrations, tables and dialog boxes to explain highly specialized concepts and insights with complex algorithms, along with links to programming code

Pneumovirus—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition

Download Pneumovirus—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481615432
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pneumovirus—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Pneumovirus—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pneumovirus—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Pneumovirus in a concise format. The editors have built Pneumovirus—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Pneumovirus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Pneumovirus—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

H1N1 Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition

Download H1N1 Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481652796
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis H1N1 Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book H1N1 Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H1N1 Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Genetics. The editors have built H1N1 Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Genetics in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of H1N1 Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19

Download Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323902499
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19 by : Sergio Rosales-Mendoza

Download or read book Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19 written by Sergio Rosales-Mendoza and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-15 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19 provides an updated overview on the development of vaccines, antiviral drugs and nanomaterials, and diagnostic methods for the fight against COVID-19. Perspectives on such technologies are identified, discussed, and enriched with figures for easy understanding and applicability. Furthermore, it contains basic aspects of virology, immunology, and antiviral drugs that are needed to fully appreciate these innovations. This book is split into four sections: introduction, presenting basic virologic and epidemiological aspects of COVID-19; vaccines against COVID-19, discussing their different types and applications used to develop them; diagnostic approaches for SARS-CoV-2, encompassing advanced sensing and microfluidic-based biosensors; and drug development and delivery, where antivirals based on nanomaterials or drugs are presented. It is a valuable source for virologists, biotechnologists, and members of biomedical field interested in learning more about how novel technologies can be applied to fasten the eradication of the COVID-19 and similar pandemics. Presents updated literature coverage summarizing the most relevant information on COVID-19 Written by experts from diverse scientific domains in order to provide readers with a thorough view on the subject Encompasses tables, figures and information trees especially developed for the book in order to condense and highlight key points for quick reference

Covid-19, Gangs, and Conflict

Download Covid-19, Gangs, and Conflict PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1664124330
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (641 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Covid-19, Gangs, and Conflict by : John P. Sullivan

Download or read book Covid-19, Gangs, and Conflict written by John P. Sullivan and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2020-08-28 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Coronavirus pandemic is fueling conflict and fostering extremism while concurrently empowering gangs, cartels, and mafias in their quest for power and profit. In COVID-19, Gangs, and Conflict, Editors John P. Sullivan and Robert J. Bunker bring together a curated collection of both new and previously published material to explore the trends and potentials of the global pandemic emergency. Topics include an exploration of proto-statemaking by criminal groups, the interaction of pandemics and conflict, as well as a comparison of gangs, criminal cartels, and mafias exploiting the crisis and exerting criminal governance in Brazil, El Salvador, Mexico, Colombia, and South Africa. Implications for national security, biosecurity, slums, transnational organized crime, and threats and opportunities in the contested pandemic space are assessed. SWJ

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Download Emerging Infectious Diseases PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1162 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Infectious Diseases by :

Download or read book Emerging Infectious Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2014-07 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The World of T£pac Amaru

Download The World of T£pac Amaru PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803292550
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (925 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The World of T£pac Amaru by : Ward Stavig

Download or read book The World of T£pac Amaru written by Ward Stavig and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equally concerned with the lives of ordinary Andean people and sweeping historical processes, this book unveils a complex colonial world of indigenous villagers and their Spanish neighbors from the ground up and in the process examines one of the most significant indigenous uprisings in the Americas. This rebellion, known by the name of its leader, T£pac Amaru, ignited in colonial Cuzco near the former Inca capital during the late eighteenth century (1780?83) and spread rapidly throughout much of the Andes. Led by the descendant of the last Inca ruler, the rebellion severely disrupted the colonial economy and proved to be the most serious challenge to Spanish authority in Latin America since the sixteenth century. Focusing on the Cuzco provinces of Quispicanchis and Canas y Canchis, which were the wellspring of the rebellion, Ward Stavig examines the issues, values, and themes central to the lives of ordinary Andean women and men?senses of identity, conceptions of sexuality and gender, the threat of crime, the value placed on work, competition for land and its relation to cultural identity, and the impact of forced labor. Stavig interweaves an intimate and richly textured portrait of the lives of Native villagers with an analysis of economic and political colonial institutions to show not only how Native peoples in Cuzco made sense of their lives but also how their strategies of survival shaped colonial society.

Psychosocial Analysis of the Pandemic and Its Aftermath

Download Psychosocial Analysis of the Pandemic and Its Aftermath PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0761873570
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (618 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Psychosocial Analysis of the Pandemic and Its Aftermath by : Bruno Boccara

Download or read book Psychosocial Analysis of the Pandemic and Its Aftermath written by Bruno Boccara and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manifesto is motivated by the daunting psychosocial issues that were so strikingly revealed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Of particular interest is the collective denial of facts, which resulted in public health policy mistakes and fostered distrust. In hindsight, this could have been prevented. Boccara shows how the core psychosocial response to the pandemic observed in most countries turned out to be wishing for it to either magically go away, as if it had never happened or be dealt with in an effortless way. Magical thinking and, as a consequence denying reality, often prevailed. As such, the psychosocial dynamics deepened the denial even further as several countries ended-up deciding to “live with the virus”. Yet, deliberately choosing endemicity of the coronavirus may lead to insurmountable challenges. Humanity is, therefore, truly finding itself at a turning point. Boccara argues that successfully facing systemic challenges ahead will require societies to systematically take into account ways in which psychosocial dynamics -particularly those operating at the societal unconscious level- impact public policy and societal level dialogue. By this, we mean understanding how mental representations and fantasies, shared anxieties, and social defenses mobilized against those anxieties impact the society; in other words how nations function as social systems. There has probably never been a more critical time than now for societies worldwide to approach critical decisions from a psychosocial perspective. Failing to do so could lead to psychosocial tipping points whereas the world as whole would increasingly mobilized regressed defenses that would make it impossible for societies to manage such challenges. There comes a time when ideas potentially capable of profoundly changing the world must be brought to the centers of decision making. That time is now upon us.

Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VIII

Download Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VIII PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781461402046
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VIII by : Nigel Curtis

Download or read book Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children VIII written by Nigel Curtis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book covers course with topics in infectious diseases in children and is intended for Pediatric Infectious disease clinical researchers, trainees, trainers, and all those who manage the research of children with infections and the children themselves. The conference is being supported by several societies and is sponsored by several pharmaceutical companies, such as Aventis, Baxter, Chiron Vaccines, Wyeth, etc. ToC reflects the scientific program found here: http://www.oxfordiic.org/#course

Reframing Globalization After COVID-19

Download Reframing Globalization After COVID-19 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1782847723
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reframing Globalization After COVID-19 by : Pablo Baisotti

Download or read book Reframing Globalization After COVID-19 written by Pablo Baisotti and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-15 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pandemic has deepened existing trends in the international system, in particular the readjustment of alliances between nations and between regions. As spheres of influence disintegrate and reform, so national and regional security policies will change in unforeseen ways notwithstanding that individual state self-preservation will dominate policy choice. Three major dimensions are addressed. The first dimension is International Relations and Economy. The coronavirus has accelerated a global economic crisis comparable to those of 1929, 1987 and 2008. Are the major economic trading blocs moving to a war economy, and who might win or lose in this context? The second dimension of analysis is the growth of Information Communication. Hybrid and fragmented, especially in terms of the use of social media, the use of veiled threat and promoting discord in the form of providing provocative information on topics of the day can lead to conflict consequences and all its negative impacts. The third dimension is Geopolitical Reconfiguration. While world powers are always manoeuvring for an enhanced military and economic position, the pandemic offers new opportunities to capitalise on the changing power balance. The editors and contributors engage with the differing power polarities between China, the United States, India, Brazil, Russia, and the European Union. This book is one of the first to present research on the effects of COVID-19 on national public policy. Cross-cultural analysis of its effects, and the way in which different societies have addressed the fight against the virus, provides insight into the relations between states and possible solutions in the international arena. The work is essential reading for all those involved in international affairs and policy-making.

Influenza: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition

Download Influenza: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481653504
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Influenza: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Influenza: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influenza: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Genetics. The editors have built Influenza: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Genetics in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Influenza: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

The Impact of COVID on Cities and Regions

Download The Impact of COVID on Cities and Regions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1035308959
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (353 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Impact of COVID on Cities and Regions by : Peter K. Kresl

Download or read book The Impact of COVID on Cities and Regions written by Peter K. Kresl and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-06 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has arguably caused some of the most noticeable and influential societal and economic changes since World War Two. This path-breaking book investigates these changes and the subsequent responses of urban policy makers.

Inside The 2009 Influenza Pandemic

Download Inside The 2009 Influenza Pandemic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9813108010
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inside The 2009 Influenza Pandemic by : Abramson Jon Stuart

Download or read book Inside The 2009 Influenza Pandemic written by Abramson Jon Stuart and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011-01-14 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2009 influenza pandemic, like all emerging infections, had unique characteristics and challenges. This book examines the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and outcome of the 2009 pandemic as compared to seasonal influenza and previous pandemics in both developed and developing countries. Consideration is given to the effectiveness of pre-pandemic planning in mitigating the severity of the disease and what can be done differently to lessen the impact of the next pandemic. As such, the book is designed to provide insight about what can be done going forward to further impact the morbidity and mortality due to both seasonal and pandemic influenza and many of these lessons can be applied to other emerging infections.There are many lessons to be learned from the 2009 pandemic. This book not only describes what happened in the 2009 pandemic, but also what can be done to better prepare for the next pandemic. Issues discussed include what components of the pandemic planning were effective and which were not. Additionally, the book describes research studies and policy changes that: 1) are needed to better predict the occurrence and severity of a pandemic; 2) improve prevention and treatment modalities; and 3) enable better communication with the public about actions they can take to protect themselves, families and communities.

University and School Collaborations During a Pandemic

Download University and School Collaborations During a Pandemic PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030821595
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis University and School Collaborations During a Pandemic by : Fernando M. Reimers

Download or read book University and School Collaborations During a Pandemic written by Fernando M. Reimers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on twenty case studies of universities worldwide, and on a survey administered to leaders in 101 universities, this open access book shows that, amidst the significant challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, universities found ways to engage with schools to support them in sustaining educational opportunity. In doing so, they generated considerable innovation, which reinforced the integration of the research and outreach functions of the university. The evidence suggests that universities are indeed open systems, in interaction with their environment, able to discover changes that can influence them and to change in response to those changes. They are also able, in the success of their efforts to mitigate the educational impact of the pandemic, to create better futures, as the result of the innovations they can generate. This challenges the view of universities as "ivory towers" being isolated from the surrounding environment and detached from local problems. As they reached out to schools, universities not only generated clear and valuable innovations to sustain educational opportunity and to improve it, this process also contributed to transform internal university processes in ways that enhanced their own ability to deliver on the third mission of outreach