Nutrition For Gestational Diabetes

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Nutrition for Gestational Diabetes

Author : Clive J Petry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783039432981
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (329 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition for Gestational Diabetes by : Clive J Petry

Download or read book Nutrition for Gestational Diabetes written by Clive J Petry and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common adverse medical conditions that occurs during pregnancy, and its prevalence is rising as part of a diabetes pandemic. Nutrition plays a key role in GDM, whether (1) as part of an 'unhealthy' diet, which contributes to its cause, or (2) as part of changes in dietary intake, which act as the frontline treatment for GDM (sometimes supplemented with exercise and pharmacological intervention). Dietary changes, therefore, can alter the risk of developing GDM in the first place, and once GDM has emerged during pregnancy, dietary changes can mitigate the risk of developing GDM-related complications, such as macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and jaundice in the neonate, pre eclampsia, increased need for caesarean section and placental abruption in the mother. In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight the role of nutrition in the aetiology of GDM, whether directly or indirectly through weight gain and obesity, and in its role as a GDM treatment to lower hyperglycemia and the risk of the aforementioned complications.

Low Glycemic Index Diet

Author : Janette Brand Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780733623561
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Glycemic Index Diet by : Janette Brand Miller

Download or read book Low Glycemic Index Diet written by Janette Brand Miller and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Low GI Diet is the only science-based diet that is proven to help you lose weight and develop a lifetime of healthy eating habits that can help you achieve optimum health and wellbeing and protect against illness and disease. This guide features: an effective 12-week action plan based on low GI eating, exercise, and activity goals for each week which will enable you to lose up to ten per cent of your current body weight; plus an ongoing maintenance program tips to help you maintain weight loss for life delicious recipes and meal plans the GI tables with the GI values of all your favourite foods. The result: A slimmer, fitter, healthier you for the rest of your life! Brought to you by the authors of the worldwide bestselling The New Glucose Revolution series on the glycemic index, The Low GI Diet explains how choosing low GI carbohydrates can help you feel fuller for longer and increase your energy levels making weight loss achievable and sustainable. A companion volume to the newly revised and updated The Low GI Handbook. Start losing weight and improving your overall health today.

Real Food for Pregnancy

Author : Lily Nichols
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780986295041
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Real Food for Pregnancy by : Lily Nichols

Download or read book Real Food for Pregnancy written by Lily Nichols and published by . This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prenatal nutrition can be confusing. A lot of the advice you have been given about what to eat (or what not to eat) is well-meaning, but frankly, outdated or not evidenced-based. In Real Food for Pregnancy, you will get clear answers on what to eat and why, with research to back up every recommendation. Author and specialist in prenatal nutrition, Lily Nichols, RDN, CDE, has taken a long and hard look at the science and discovered a wide gap between current prenatal nutrition recommendations and what foods are required for optimal health in pregnancy and for your baby's development. There has never been a more comprehensive and well-referenced resource on prenatal nutrition. With Real Food for Pregnancy as your guide, you can be confident that your food and lifestyle choices support a smooth, healthy pregnancy.

American Dietetic Association Guide to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Author : Alyce M. Thomas
Publisher : American Dietetic Associati
ISBN 13 : 0880913495
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis American Dietetic Association Guide to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by : Alyce M. Thomas

Download or read book American Dietetic Association Guide to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus written by Alyce M. Thomas and published by American Dietetic Associati. This book was released on 2005 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a growing concern in women's health. This reference examines the pathophysiology, classification, screening, and diagnosis of gestational diabetes, and provides information on testing methods used to monitor maternal and fetal health, nutrition requirements in pregnancy, medical nutrition therapy, insulin therapy in pregnancy, and postpartum considerations. Practical forms, including questionnaires, assessment forms, and food plan calculations are included.

Carbohydrates in Food

Author : Ann-Charlotte Eliasson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315355515
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbohydrates in Food by : Ann-Charlotte Eliasson

Download or read book Carbohydrates in Food written by Ann-Charlotte Eliasson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbohydrates in Food, Third Edition provides thorough and authoritative coverage of the chemical analysis, structure, functional properties, analytical methods, and nutritional relevance of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides used in food. Carbohydrates have become a hot topic in the debate about what to eat. This new edition includes increased treatment of resistant starch, dietary fiber, and starch digestion, especially in relation to different diets, suggesting that carbohydrate consumption should be reduced. New to the Third Edition: Explains how models for starch molecules have been improved recently leading to clearer understanding Discusses the growing interest in new sources of carbohydrates, such as chitosan and fructans, because of their function as prebiotics Features the latest developments on research into dietary fiber and starch digestion Carbohydrates in Food, Third Edition combines the latest data on the analytical, physicochemical, and nutritional properties of carbohydrates, offering a comprehensive and accessible single source of information. It evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of using various analytical methods, presents discussion of relevant physicochemical topics that relate to the use of carbohydrates in food that allow familiarity with important functional aspects of carbohydrates; and includes information on relevant nutritional topics in relation to the use of carbohydrates in food.

The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook & Meal Plan

Author : Joanna Foley
Publisher : Rockridge Press
ISBN 13 : 9781641524940
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (249 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook & Meal Plan by : Joanna Foley

Download or read book The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook & Meal Plan written by Joanna Foley and published by Rockridge Press. This book was released on 2019-10 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recipes for managing gestational diabetes--good for you and your baby. The right diet can be a big help getting through gestational diabetes. The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook & Meal Plan shows you how you can balance your blood sugar while still eating great meals that nourish both you and your baby every single day. Take the guesswork out of your diet with an easy-to-follow, 4-week meal plan, filled with helpful meal prep tips so you'll always have food available--even when you don't feel up to cooking. Want to go off plan? Make sure both of you are eating right with dozens of additional recipes for healthy (and satisfying) breakfasts, lunches, and dinners. The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook & Meal Plan includes: 90 gestational diabetes-friendly recipes--Keep your blood sugar under control without sacrificing the essential nutrition that the two of you need using these delicious dishes. Straightforward meal plan--You've already got enough to think about--keep food simple with a complete 4-week meal plan featuring prep advice, shopping lists, and snack options. Health guidelines--Get all the information you need about gestational diabetes, including handy charts for what to eat (and what to avoid), serving size references, and more. Balance your gestational diabetes with the needs of your pregnancy nutrition with The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook & Meal Plan.

The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook

Author : Sara Monk Rivera
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1612438830
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook by : Sara Monk Rivera

Download or read book The Gestational Diabetes Cookbook written by Sara Monk Rivera and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For pregnant women with GDM, nutritional protocols, sample meal plans and recipes to balance blood sugar and maintain you and your baby’s health. A go-to collection of easy and tasty recipes specifically designed to manage blood sugar, maintain a nutritionally complete diet, AND keep mom and baby healthy No matter how carefully you watch your health, gestational diabetes can develop during your pregnancy. If this has happened to you, it’s vital that you take steps to control your blood sugar right away, otherwise your unborn child can suffer an array of complications in the womb and has a greater risk for developing diabetes and obesity later in life. Fortunately, this book offers nutritional and dietary modifications that will allow you to manage your gestational diabetes. By following the book’s carbohydrate-controlled diet, as well as its delicious and balanced recipes, you will get enough nutrients to support your hard-at-work body and the needs of your growing baby—all while maintaining normal blood sugar levels! Also included is helpful information on simplifying meal planning and quickly creating nutritious grocery lists, but at the core are the healthy recipes, such as: • Baked Cauliflower Tots • Chicken Fajita Foil Packets • Beef Teriyaki Lettuce Wraps • Portobello Pizza • Curried Salmon Cakes • Chocolate Chip Skillet Cookies • Spinach Stuffed Pork Chops • One-Pan Pesto Chicken

Gestational Diabetes

Author : Clive Petry
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439879966
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Gestational Diabetes by : Clive Petry

Download or read book Gestational Diabetes written by Clive Petry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-07 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the rapid increase in the worldwide incidence of gestational diabetes, the need for defining the risks and effects associated with raised glucose concentrations in pregnancy is great. Recent large studies are helping to define the risks, as well as identify the benefits of reducing glucose intolerance. Written by an esteemed list of international authors, Gestational Diabetes: Origins, Complications, and Treatment presents timely reviews relating to some of the most important aspects of gestational diabetes, specifically its causes, consequences, and treatments. Divided into five sections, the book begins with a section on metabolism in pregnancy and gestational diabetes, dealing with maternal and foetal glucose metabolism and the controversial area of what actually constitutes gestational diabetes. The next section examines risk factors and causes of gestational diabetes, including the obvious but often overlooked factors—being female and pregnant. The text also outlines environmental and genetic risk factors. The third section deals with the potential complications of gestational diabetes for both mother and offspring, considering short-term and long-term effects. The largest section in the book addresses treatments in an effort to improve the outcome for the mother and the baby. Chapters describe the nutritional approach, considered the cornerstone of treating gestational diabetes, as well as evidence for the role of exercise in its treatment and a useful strategy for treating gestational diabetes pharmacologically. The final section discusses future prospects in screening, diagnosis, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of gestational diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes

Author : A. Lapolla
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318066125
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Gestational Diabetes by : A. Lapolla

Download or read book Gestational Diabetes written by A. Lapolla and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus, one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy, can cause a range of problems for women and their developing babies. The number of types of diabetes during pregnancy has dramatically increased worldwide in recent years. Obesity is a very common risk factor for the development of GDM and type 2 diabetes. To prevent birth defects and other health problems, optimal healthcare before and during pregnancy is mandatory. To reach this goal, a multidisciplinary approach is of major importance. This book presents the latest knowledge on the physiopathology, diagnosis, autoimmunity, genetics, omics, and management and treatment of diabetic pregnancy. Renowned healthcare professionals and academic experts provide insights into the complexity of diabetic pregnancy, its treatment, and pregnancy complications. This is a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics of pregnancy-related type 1 and 2 diabetes as well as of gestational diabetes. It is a must-read for everyone involved in the monitoring of diabetes during pregnancy.

The Low GI Eating Plan for an Optimal Pregnancy: The Authoritative Science-Based Nutrition Guide for Mother and Baby

Author : Jennie Brand-Miller
Publisher : The Experiment, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1615191747
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (151 download)

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Book Synopsis The Low GI Eating Plan for an Optimal Pregnancy: The Authoritative Science-Based Nutrition Guide for Mother and Baby by : Jennie Brand-Miller

Download or read book The Low GI Eating Plan for an Optimal Pregnancy: The Authoritative Science-Based Nutrition Guide for Mother and Baby written by Jennie Brand-Miller and published by The Experiment, LLC. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A scientifically proven, safe and effective program to help boost your chances of conceiving, ensure a healthy pregnancy, avoid gestational diabetes and give your baby the best possible start toward lifelong health. The Low GI Eating Plan for an Optimal Pregnancy—written by the world’s leading experts on the glycemic index (GI)—will help you to clearly understand the connection between the food you eat, your blood glucose levels, and your baby’s future health. The focus is on low GI carbohydrates—vital at this time, because reducing the GI of your diet is one of the safest and most effective ways to ensure that your baby grows at the optimal rate, without you gaining excessive body fat and without compromising nutrition during this important stage of life. This book will show you how to optimize your diet—pre-conception, during pregnancy, and once your child has been born—to ensure a healthy baby and a healthy mom, and includes: • What to be aware of once you're eating for two • How to ensure your weight gain is healthy • The importance of blood glucose in pregnancy (and why gestational diabetes is a big deal) • 8 guiding principles that make it easy to put everything into practice • The best foods to eat—as well as the ones to avoid • 50 delicious, quick, and easy low GI recipes, plus sample menu ideas • Helpful checklists and guidance on how to exercise safely. The Low GI Eating Plan for an Optimal Pregnancy is the only book specifically for pregnancy written by internationally recognized scientists qualified in nutrition, dietetics, and diabetes. It is an essential, authoritative guide for all mothers-to-be and new moms.

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309131138
Total Pages : 868 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Weight Gain During Pregnancy by : National Research Council

Download or read book Weight Gain During Pregnancy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-14 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.

Mastering Diabetes

Author : Cyrus Khambatta, PhD
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 059318999X
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Mastering Diabetes by : Cyrus Khambatta, PhD

Download or read book Mastering Diabetes written by Cyrus Khambatta, PhD and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The instant New York Times bestseller. A groundbreaking method to master all types of diabetes by reversing insulin resistance. Current medical wisdom advises that anyone suffering from diabetes or prediabetes should eat a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. But in this revolutionary book, Cyrus Khambatta, PhD, and Robby Barbaro, MPH, rely on a century of research to show that advice is misguided. While it may improve short-term blood glucose control, such a diet also increases the long-term risk for chronic diseases like cancer, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease. The revolutionary solution is to eat a low-fat plant-based whole-food diet, the most powerful way to reverse insulin resistance in all types of diabetes: type 1, type 1.5, type 2, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes. As the creators of the extraordinary and effective Mastering Diabetes Method, Khambatta and Barbaro lay out a step-by-step plan proven to reverse insulin resistance-the root cause of blood glucose variability- while improving overall health and maximizing life expectancy. Armed with more than 800 scientific references and drawing on more than 36 years of personal experience living with type 1 diabetes themselves, the authors show how to eat large quantities of carbohydrate-rich whole foods like bananas, potatoes, and quinoa while decreasing blood glucose, oral medication, and insulin requirements. They also provide life-changing advice on intermittent fasting and daily exercise and offer tips on eating in tricky situations, such as restaurant meals and family dinners. Perhaps best of all: On the Mastering Diabetes Method, you will never go hungry. With more than 30 delicious, filling, and nutrient-dense recipes and backed by cutting-edge nutritional science, Mastering Diabetes will help you maximize your insulin sensitivity, attain your ideal body weight, improve your digestive health, gain energy, live an active life, and feel the best you've felt in years.

Pregnancy & Diabetes

Author : Marina Chapparo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781580407304
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Pregnancy & Diabetes by : Marina Chapparo

Download or read book Pregnancy & Diabetes written by Marina Chapparo and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical, down-to-earth guide to managing diabetes and pregnancy from an educator, nutrition professional, and mother living with diabetes. Diabetes during pregnancy can be a scary experience for women, whether they are diagnosed with gestational diabetes or have been living type 1 or type 2 diabetes for years. This book gives moms-to-be practical, easy-to-follow, and reassuring advice to successfully manage diabetes during the nine months of pregnancy. It answers common questions such as: Can I have a healthy pregnancy if I have diabetes? What can I eat? How do I keep blood sugars in target? What are the best tools to use to help me manage my diabetes? Managing diabetes during a pregnancy can be overwhelming, but with the practical advice from the trusted experts at the American Diabetes Association found in Pregnancy & Diabetes, moms-to-be get the advice they need for a successful pregnancy and a happy, healthy baby!

Sustainable healthy diets

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251318751
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable healthy diets by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Sustainable healthy diets written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considering the detrimental environmental impact of current food systems, and the concerns raised about their sustainability, there is an urgent need to promote diets that are healthy and have low environmental impacts. These diets also need to be socio-culturally acceptable and economically accessible for all. Acknowledging the existence of diverging views on the concepts of sustainable diets and healthy diets, countries have requested guidance from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on what constitutes sustainable healthy diets. These guiding principles take a holistic approach to diets; they consider international nutrition recommendations; the environmental cost of food production and consumption; and the adaptability to local social, cultural and economic contexts. This publication aims to support the efforts of countries as they work to transform food systems to deliver on sustainable healthy diets, contributing to the achievement of the SDGs at country level, especially Goals 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), 4 (Quality Education), 5 (Gender Equality) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and 13 (Climate Action).

Expect the Best

Author : Elizabeth M. Ward
Publisher : Turner Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0470461756
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Expect the Best by : Elizabeth M. Ward

Download or read book Expect the Best written by Elizabeth M. Ward and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 2009-05-04 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A fabulous resource for moms-to-be! In this comprehensive guide to nutrition and health during pregnancy, Ward provides solid, research-based answers to women's most frequently asked questions about diet, exercise, weight gain, and supplements and offers specific advice that's easy to incorporate into your daily routine.'' -Joy Bauer, M.S., R.D., bestselling author of Joy's Life Diet and nutrition/health expert for the Today Show "Ward and the ADA serve up practical, easy-to-use advice that is sure to help inform and inspire new and expectant moms." -Laura A. Jana, M.D., coauthor of Food Fights and Heading Home with Your Newborn "Any woman who is even thinking about getting pregnant for the first or third time needs to read this excellent and timely book. Ward has done a fabulous job compiling the most recent scientific evidence about pregnancy and translating it into a fun, easy-to-read book with quick, nutritious, and delicious recipes." -Kathleen M. Zelman, M.P.H, R.D., Director of Nutrition, WebMD "This book shares a wealth of information that takes into account all the different ways a pregnant woman and new mother lives her life. It might be the only book on prenatal nutrition you'll ever need." -Peg Moline, Editor in Chief, Fit Pregnancy magazine Are you thinking of having a baby?

Eating for Pregnancy

Author : Catherine Jones
Publisher : Da Capo Lifelong Books
ISBN 13 : 0738213527
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Eating for Pregnancy by : Catherine Jones

Download or read book Eating for Pregnancy written by Catherine Jones and published by Da Capo Lifelong Books. This book was released on 2009-06-09 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highly popular pregnancy cookbook, now bigger and better than ever

Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908525X
Total Pages : 1358 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-11-28 with total page 1358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Institute of Medicine has developed a new approach to establish Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and other nutrient reference values. The new title for these values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name being given to this new approach. These are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. This new book is part of a series of books presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients. It establishes recommendations for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. This book presents new approaches and findings which include the following: The establishment of Estimated Energy Requirements at four levels of energy expenditure Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease risk of chronic disease The establishment of RDAs for dietary carbohydrate and protein The development of the definitions of Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber The establishment of Adequate Intakes (AI) for Total Fiber The establishment of AIs for linolenic and a-linolenic acids Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges as a percent of energy intake for fat, carbohydrate, linolenic and a-linolenic acids, and protein Research recommendations for information needed to advance understanding of macronutrient requirements and the adverse effects associated with intake of higher amounts Also detailed are recommendations for both physical activity and energy expenditure to maintain health and decrease the risk of disease.