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Norms Over Force
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Download or read book Norms over Force written by Z. Laïdi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can Europe defend its social model in a globalized world when the US, China, India and Russia are enhancing their national sovereignties and playing power politics? This original and informative book addresses such questions and considers if Europe, although it is not a 'super state', would be able to impose norms over force.
Book Synopsis Rules, Norms, and Decisions by : Friedrich V. Kratochwil
Download or read book Rules, Norms, and Decisions written by Friedrich V. Kratochwil and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the impact of norms on decision-making. It argues that norms influence choices not by being causes for actions, but by providing reasons. Consequently it approaches the problem via an investigation of the reasoning process in which norms play a decisive role. Kratochwil argues that, depending upon the strictness the guidance norms provide in arriving at a decision, different styles of reasoning with norms can be distinguished. While the focus in this book is largely analytical, the argument is developed through the interpretation of the classic thinkers in international law (Grotius, Vattel, Pufendorf, Rousseau, Hume, Habermas).
Book Synopsis The Ethics of Destruction by : Ward Thomas
Download or read book The Ethics of Destruction written by Ward Thomas and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-14 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many assume that in international politics, and especially in war, "anything goes." Sherman famously declared war "is all hell." The implication behind the maxim is that in war there is no order, only chaos; no mercy, only cruelty; no restraint, only suffering.Ward Thomas finds that this "anything goes" view is demonstrably wrong. It neither reflects how most people talk about the use of force in international relations nor describes the way national leaders actually use military force. Events such as those in Europe during World War II, in the Persian Gulf War, and in Kosovo cannot be understood, he argues, until we realize that state behavior, even during wartime, is shaped by common understandings about what is ethically acceptable and unacceptable.Thomas makes extensive use of two cases—the assassination of foreign leaders and the aerial bombardment of civilians—to trace the relative influence of norms and interests. His insistence on interconnections between ethical principle and material power leads to a revised understanding of the role of normative factors in foreign policy and the ways in which power and interest shape the international system.
Book Synopsis The Brussels Effect by : Anu Bradford
Download or read book The Brussels Effect written by Anu Bradford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many observers, the European Union is mired in a deep crisis. Between sluggish growth; political turmoil following a decade of austerity politics; Brexit; and the rise of Asian influence, the EU is seen as a declining power on the world stage. Columbia Law professor Anu Bradford argues the opposite in her important new book The Brussels Effect: the EU remains an influential superpower that shapes the world in its image. By promulgating regulations that shape the international business environment, elevating standards worldwide, and leading to a notable Europeanization of many important aspects of global commerce, the EU has managed to shape policy in areas such as data privacy, consumer health and safety, environmental protection, antitrust, and online hate speech. And in contrast to how superpowers wield their global influence, the Brussels Effect - a phrase first coined by Bradford in 2012- absolves the EU from playing a direct role in imposing standards, as market forces alone are often sufficient as multinational companies voluntarily extend the EU rule to govern their global operations. The Brussels Effect shows how the EU has acquired such power, why multinational companies use EU standards as global standards, and why the EU's role as the world's regulator is likely to outlive its gradual economic decline, extending the EU's influence long into the future.
Book Synopsis The Purpose of Intervention by : Martha Finnemore
Download or read book The Purpose of Intervention written by Martha Finnemore and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence or the potential for violence is a fact of human existence. Many societies, including our own, reward martial success or skill at arms. The ways in which members of a particular society use force reveal a great deal about the nature of authority within the group and about its members' priorities. Martha Finnemore uses one type of force, military intervention, as a window onto the shifting character of international society. She examines the changes, over the past 400 years, in why countries intervene militarily as well as in the ways they have intervened. It is not the fact of intervention that has altered, she says, but rather the reasons for and meaning behind intervention—the conventional understanding of the purposes for which states can and should use force. Finnemore looks at three types of intervention: collecting debts, addressing humanitarian crises, and acting against states perceived as threats to international peace. In all three, she finds that what is now considered "obvious" was vigorously contested or even rejected by people in earlier periods for well-articulated and logical reasons. A broad historical perspective allows her to explicate long-term trends: the steady erosion of force's normative value in international politics, the growing influence of equality norms in many aspects of global political life, and the increasing importance of law in intervention practices.
Book Synopsis The Responsibility to Protect by : Ramesh Chandra Thakur
Download or read book The Responsibility to Protect written by Ramesh Chandra Thakur and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle by world leaders assembled at the UN summit in 2005 is widely acknowledged to represent one of the great normative advances in international politics since 1945. The author has been involved in this shift from the dominant norm of non-intervention of R2P as an actor, public intellectual and academic and has been a key thinker in this process. These essays represent the author's writings on R2P, including reference to test cases as they arose, such as with Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008.
Book Synopsis The Emergence of Norms by : Edna Ullmann-Margalit
Download or read book The Emergence of Norms written by Edna Ullmann-Margalit and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems.
Book Synopsis The Quest for a European Strategic Culture by : C. Meyer
Download or read book The Quest for a European Strategic Culture written by C. Meyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-11-08 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Quest for a European Strategic Culture investigates whether strategic norms and beliefs held in different countries have become more similar since 1989 and explores the implications for the viability of a common European Security and Defence Policy. The empirical evidence emerging from various sources shows some significant changes.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms by : Ingvild Bode
Download or read book Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms written by Ingvild Bode and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2022-01-15 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous weapons systems seem to be on the path to becoming accepted technologies of warfare. The weaponization of artificial intelligence raises questions about whether human beings will maintain control of the use of force. The notion of meaningful human control has become a focus of international debate on lethal autonomous weapons systems among members of the United Nations: many states have diverging ideas about various complex forms of human-machine interaction and the point at which human control stops being meaningful. In Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms Ingvild Bode and Hendrik Huelss present an innovative study of how testing, developing, and using weapons systems with autonomous features shapes ethical and legal norms, and how standards manifest and change in practice. Autonomous weapons systems are not a matter for the distant future – some autonomous features, such as in air defence systems, have been in use for decades. They have already incrementally changed use-of-force norms by setting emerging standards for what counts as meaningful human control. As UN discussions drag on with minimal progress, the trend towards autonomizing weapons systems continues. A thought-provoking and urgent book, Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms provides an in-depth analysis of the normative repercussions of weaponizing artificial intelligence.
Book Synopsis Non-Combatant Immunity as a Norm of International Humanitarian Law by : Judith Gail Gardam
Download or read book Non-Combatant Immunity as a Norm of International Humanitarian Law written by Judith Gail Gardam and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the advances made by the international community to outlaw the resort to force by the United Nations Charter, armed conflicts both international and non-international are a fact of every day life. The civilian casualties from such conflicts have assumed catastrophic proportions. Little attention, however, has been paid by scholars to the treatment of noncombatants in armed conflict and the place in international law of the principle fundamental to the law of armed conflict: noncombatant immunity. This work aims to remedy this omission. The author analyses in detail the content of the customary and conventional rules that give effect to this principle, in both international and non-international armed conflict. The importance of such a study is highlighted by the recent Gulf conflict where so many of the States were not bound by the most recent treaty rules protecting noncombatants.
Book Synopsis International Norms and Cycles of Change by : Wayne Sandholtz
Download or read book International Norms and Cycles of Change written by Wayne Sandholtz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wayne Sandholtz and Kendall Stiles sketch the primary theoretical perspectives on international norm change, the 'legalisation' and 'transnational activist' approaches, and argue that both are limited by their focus on international rules as outcomes.
Book Synopsis Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens) by : Dire Tladi
Download or read book Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens) written by Dire Tladi and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens): Disquisitions and Dispositions is a collection of contributions on various aspects of jus cogens in international law.
Book Synopsis Norms of Liberty by : Douglas B. Rasmussen
Download or read book Norms of Liberty written by Douglas B. Rasmussen and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Norms and the Resort to War by : Gregory A. Raymond
Download or read book International Norms and the Resort to War written by Gregory A. Raymond and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a fresh perspective on timeless questions concerning anarchy and order, power and principle, and public and private morality, by taking a novel approach to the study of the onset of war. Rather than looking at the distribution of wealth, military might, or other material capabilities to explain the onset of war, this book focuses instead on how international norms affect the use of military force. Critical of the realist assumption that international legal norms are unable to curb hostilities without a powerful central authority to enforce their injunctions, it contends that the normative context within which national leaders act sets the tone for world politics by communicating commonly accepted understandings about the limits of permissible action. Using quantitative analyses of the relationships between war-initiation norms and various types of armed conflict, the author calls into question realist beliefs regarding international norms, demonstrating that restrictive normative orders reduce the likelihood of war.
Book Synopsis Enforcing International Law Norms Against Terrorism by : Andrea Bianchi
Download or read book Enforcing International Law Norms Against Terrorism written by Andrea Bianchi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2004-07-21 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scale and horror of recent terror attacks and the panic which ensued throughout the world has forced policy-makers and international lawyers to re-examine international legal tools available to enforce norms against terrorism. The magnitude of the attacks, the modalities of the operations, the profiles of the terrorists and the transnational structure of some terrorist organisations all cast doubt on the adequacy of the existing political and legal framework to fight terrorism. Due to this perception, governments have increased the intensity of measures to combat terrorist activities such as using military force against States sponsoring terrorism, freezing assets of terrorist organizations, and promulgating national security measures designed to protect the State against would be terrorists. This book comprehensively analyses the suitability of existing international legal tools to enforce rules prohibiting terrorism. Contributions from leading experts in international law examine, among others, questions relating to the proper role of international law in combating terrorism, the legality of covert operations against terrorism, whether the law of armed conflict can be applied to the "war against terror", domestic anti-terror laws and their compatibility with human rights standards, and how to regulate the internet to prevent terrorist usage. In addition, the ways in which States can co-operate together to more effectively investigate terrorist infrastructures and apprehend suspects is focused upon. The interplay between different layers of legal authority at international, regional and domestic levels is also subject to review. This thorough examination of the array of legal means at the international community's disposal to enforce norms against terrorism will allow readers to appreciate the real challenges that terrorism and the responses to it pose to the international legal system.
Book Synopsis Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens) and the Prohibition of Terrorism by : Aniel Caro de Beer
Download or read book Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens) and the Prohibition of Terrorism written by Aniel Caro de Beer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Peremptory Norms of International Law and Terrorism (Jus Cogens) and the Prohibition of Terrorism, Aniel de Beer evaluates the role of peremptory norms of international law or jus cogens in the fight against terrorism.
Download or read book Norm Contestation written by Betcy Jose and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-02 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief uses the theory of norm contestation as a model for understanding variation in norm-related behavior in international relations. While most typical approaches to understanding norms view norms as stable structures and actor responses to them as unquestioned, in a global political climate where departures from expected behavior may occur, a more nuanced model is needed. By using a norm contestation framework that highlights norm fluidity and actor agency, this book expands the discussion, providing insight into divergent interpretations of norm violation and compliance and the dynamic nature of norms. The first two chapters introduce the norm contestation model, explain how it contributes to the literature on norm violations, and discuss the reasons for the cases discussed. Chapters Three and Four provide detailed case studies of the mechanisms of norm contestation as they apply to the civilian immunity and non-intervention norms. Chapter Five concludes by reconnecting the norm contestation model to the case studies and describing how it can be applied to norms other than those regulating armed conflict. It also discusses policy implications and avenues for future research. As such, this book will appeal to students and researchers working broadly on issues related to international relations theory, armed conflict, security studies, humanitarianism, human rights, international law, and global governance. It will also be of interest to policy-makers and practitioners interested in influencing the normative behavior of actors in diverse arenas.
