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Modeling The Fate Of Chemicals In Products
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Book Synopsis Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in Products by : Li Li
Download or read book Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in Products written by Li Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis provides a novel methodological basis for mechanistically understanding the dynamics of chemicals in products (CiPs) in the anthroposphere and physical environment and establishes a modeling continuum from production of a chemical to its concentrations in various environmental compartments. Using this framework, the thesis investigates how CiPs are transported and transformed and how they accumulate in the global environment. Furthermore, it identifies the measures needed to minimize their adverse effects on the environment and human society. It serves as an invaluable, interdisciplinary reference resource for industrial ecologists, environmental chemists and decision-makers involved in environmentally sound management of CiPs and associated waste.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment by : Kenneth L. Dickson
Download or read book Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment written by Kenneth L. Dickson and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1982 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THIS BOOK IS A RESULT OF THE FOURTH PELLSTON ENVIRONMENTAL WORKSHOP, HELD AUGUST 16-21, 1981. THIS WORKSHOP AND PREVIOUS MEETINGS HAVE EXAMINED METHODS OF ASSESSING HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT. HAZARD ASSESSMENT, IT HAS BEEN DETERMINED, REQUIRES AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICALS CAUSING AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON AQUATIC LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONCENTRATIONS. MATHEMATICAL ENVIRONMENTAL FATE MODELS ARE SUGGESTED AS A TOOL FOR PREDICTING ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONCENTRATIONS OF CHEMICALS. THIS BOOK PRESENTS A STATE OF THE ART OVERVIEW OF THE USE OF THESE MODELS FOR DECISION MAKERS IN ASSESSING THE HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT. AUTHORS SUMMARY ABRIDGED.
Book Synopsis Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment and the Human Body by : Philippe Ciffroy
Download or read book Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment and the Human Body written by Philippe Ciffroy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on modelling the fate of chemicals in the environment and the human body to arrive at an integrated exposure assessment. It covers five broad topics, namely: future challenges in exposure assessment; the evolution of human health and environmental risk assessment; standard documentation for exposure models; modelling different environmental components (i.e. surface waters, atmosphere, soil, groundwater, plants, aquatic organisms and mammals); and the fate of contaminants in humans. This work draws on the authors’ and editors’ extensive experience and a range of different research activities, including case studies, that have led to the development of MERLIN-Expo, a standardised software package for simulating the fate of chemicals in the main environmental systems and in the human body in an integrated manner. It will be of considerable interest to researchers and students, risk managers, and policy- and decision-makers whose work involves environmental protection and human health.
Book Synopsis Freshwater Microplastics by : Martin Wagner
Download or read book Freshwater Microplastics written by Martin Wagner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Fate and Effect of the Toxic Substances in the Environment by : S Jorgensen
Download or read book Modeling the Fate and Effect of the Toxic Substances in the Environment written by S Jorgensen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling the Fate and Effect of the Toxic Substances in the Environment contains the proceedings of a Symposium on "Modeling the Fate and Effect of Toxic Substances in the Environment", held on June 6-10, 1983 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and sponsored by the International Society for Ecological Modeling. The symposium provided a forum for discussing the state of the art in modeling the fate and effect of toxic substances in the environment. Topics include parameter estimation, theoretical considerations, and models of a wide variety of toxic compounds in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Comprised of 16 chapters, this volume begins with an account of parameter estimation in toxic substance models, followed by a discussion on extinction and persistence in models of population-toxicant interactions. The reader is then introduced to PATHWAY, a simulation model of the transport of radionuclides through agroecosystems. Subsequent chapters focus on possible cause-effect relationships in the dying of Germany's spruce-fir forests; application of risk and uncertainty analysis techniques to a heavy metal speciation model; the biological effects of toxicants in aquatic microcosm systems; and the dispersal and biological effect of toxins in the Tamar estuary in England. The book concludes with a description of a nonlinear mathematical model for the transport and spreading of oil slicks. This book will be useful to students, practitioners, and researchers in the field of inorganic chemistry, as well as those who are interested in the environmental effects of toxic compounds.
Book Synopsis Environmental Modeling by : Jerald L. Schnoor
Download or read book Environmental Modeling written by Jerald L. Schnoor and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2014-03-03 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Modeling, Second Edition combines engineering transport fundamentals and equilibrium aquatic chemistry. It brings a uniquely contemporary perspective to the assessment of environmental quality. In addressing key questions about fate, transport, and long-term effects of chemical pollutants in the environment, this inherently practical book gives readers the important tools they need to develop and solve their own mathematical models. The book contains detailed examples from a wide range of crucial water quality areas: conventional pollutants in rivers, eutrophication of lakes, and toxic organic chemicals and heavy metals in both surface and groundwaters.
Book Synopsis Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment by : Ian D. Moore
Download or read book Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment written by Ian D. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Anthropogenic Litter by : Melanie Bergmann
Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Second Edition by : Donald Mackay
Download or read book Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Second Edition written by Donald Mackay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-14 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport and transformation processes are key for determining how humans and other organisms are exposed to chemicals. These processes are largely controlled by the chemicals’ physical-chemical properties. This new edition of the Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals is a comprehensive series in four volumes that serves as a reference source for environmentally relevant physical-chemical property data of numerous groups of chemical substances. The handbook contains physical-chemical property data from peer-reviewed journals and other valuable sources on over 1200 chemicals of environmental concern. The handbook contains new data on the temperature dependence of selected physical-chemical properties, which allows scientists and engineers to perform better chemical assessments for climatic conditions outside the 20–25-degree range for which property values are generally reported. This second edition of the Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals is an essential reference for university libraries, regulatory agencies, consultants, and industry professionals, particularly those concerned with chemical synthesis, emissions, fate, persistence, long-range transport, bioaccumulation, exposure, and biological effects of chemicals in the environment. This resource is also available on CD-ROM
Book Synopsis Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment by : Harold F. Hemond
Download or read book Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment written by Harold F. Hemond and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-08-03 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment, Fourth Edition explains the fundamental principles of mass transport, chemical partitioning, and chemical/biological transformations of pollutants and naturally occurring chemicals in surface waters, in the subsurface (which includes soil and groundwater), and in the atmosphere. Each of these three major environmental media is introduced by a descriptive overview, followed by presentations of the governing physical, chemical, and biological processes. The text emphasizes intuitively based mathematical models for chemical equilibria, transformations, and transport in the environment. This book serves as a primary text for graduate and senior undergraduate courses in environmental science and engineering, provides relevant scientific knowledge for students of public health and environmental policy, and is a useful reference for environmental practitioners. This fourth edition builds on the third edition, which won a 2015 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from The Text and Academic Authors Association. This updated textbook expands the discussion of global climate change, presents concepts of stationarity and sustainability, provides additional coverage of wastewater treatment and air pollution abatement technologies, and includes information on additional anthropogenic pollutants such as plastics, PFAS, and nanoparticles. Tables, figures, and references are updated, and worked examples and practice exercises are included for each chapter. Illustrates the interconnections, similarities, and contrasts among three major environmental media: surface waters, the subsurface (which includes soil and groundwater), and the atmosphere Discusses and builds upon fundamental concepts, teaching students to realistically address environmental problems and preparing students for more advanced studies Each chapter includes many worked examples and extensive practice exercises; a solutions manual is available for instructors
Book Synopsis Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment by : Alistair Boxall
Download or read book Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment written by Alistair Boxall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a synthetic chemical is released into the environment it may be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. These degradation processes usually involve a cascade of reactions resulting in the formation of a number of transformation products. While we usually know a great deal about the environmental properties, fate and effects of parent synthetic chemicals, our understanding of the impacts of transformation products is much less developed. As such, this volume brings together chapters from leading researchers in the field of transformation products in the environment and describes how these products are formed, how they move through the environment, and their environmental effects. The book also presents modelling and analytical approaches for understanding the occurrence, fate and effects of transformation products in the environment. It is of interest to scientists in academia, the chemicals industry and regulators, as well as graduate students in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology.
Book Synopsis Oil in the Sea III by : National Research Council
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Book Synopsis A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport by : Frank M. Dunnivant
Download or read book A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport written by Frank M. Dunnivant and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A uniquely accessible text on environmental modeling designed for both students and industry personnel Pollutant fate and modeling are becoming increasingly important in both regulatory and scientific areas. However,the complexity of the software and models often act as an inhibitor to the advancement of water quality science. A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport fills the need for a basic instructional tool for students and environmental professionals who lack the rigorous mathematical background necessary to derive the governing fate and transport equations. Taking a refreshingly simple approach to the subject that requires only a basic knowledge of algebra and first-year college chemistry, the book presents and integrates all of the aspects of fate and transport, including chemistry, modeling, risk assessment, and relevant environmental legislation; approaching each topic first conceptually before introducing the math necessary to model it. The first half of the book is dedicated to the chemistry and physics behind the fate and transport models, while the second half teaches and reinforces the logical concepts underlying fate and transport modeling. This better prepares students for support jobs in the environmental arena surrounding chemical industry and Superfund sites. Contributing to the book's ease of use are: An extremely user-friendly software program, Fate, which uses basic models to predict the fate and transport of pollutants in lakes, rivers, groundwater, and atmospheric systems The use of "canned" models to evaluate the importance of model parameters and sensitivity analysis A wealth of easy-to-understand examples and problems A chapter on environmental legislation in the United States and Europe A set of lab exercises, as well as a downloadable set of teaching aids A much-needed basic text for contemporary hydrology or environmental chemistry courses and support courses forthe environmental industry, this is a valuable desk reference for educators and industry professionals.
Book Synopsis Multimedia Environmental Models by : Donald Mackay
Download or read book Multimedia Environmental Models written by Donald Mackay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-02-26 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, Second Edition continues to provide simple techniques for calculating how chemicals behave in the environment, where they accumulate, how long they persist, and how this leads to human exposure. The book develops, describes, and illustrates the framework and pro
Book Synopsis A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives by : National Research Council
Download or read book A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. As scientific knowledge has expanded there has been an increased awareness of the mechanisms through which chemicals may exert harmful effects on human health, as well as their effects on other species and ecosystems. Identification of high-priority chemicals and other chemicals of concern has prompted a growing number of state and local governments, as well as major companies, to take steps beyond existing hazardous chemical federal legislation. Interest in approaches and policies that ensure that any new substances substituted for chemicals of concern are assessed as carefully and thoroughly as possible has also burgeoned. The overarching goal of these approaches is to avoid regrettable substitutions, which occur when a toxic chemical is replaced by another chemical that later proved unsuitable because of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, or other concerns. Chemical alternative assessments are tools designed to facilitate consideration of these factors to assist stakeholders in identifying chemicals that may have the greatest likelihood of harm to human and ecological health, and to provide guidance on how the industry may develop and adopt safer alternatives. A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives develops and demonstrates a decision framework for evaluating potentially safer substitute chemicals as primarily determined by human health and ecological risks. This new framework is informed by previous efforts by regulatory agencies, academic institutions, and others to develop alternative assessment frameworks that could be operationalized. In addition to hazard assessments, the framework incorporates steps for life-cycle thinking - which considers possible impacts of a chemical at all stages including production, use, and disposal - as well as steps for performance and economic assessments. The report also highlights how modern information sources such as computational modeling can supplement traditional toxicology data in the assessment process. This new framework allows the evaluation of the full range of benefits and shortcomings of substitutes, and examination of tradeoffs between these risks and factors such as product functionality, product efficacy, process safety, and resource use. Through case studies, this report demonstrates how different users in contrasting decision contexts with diverse priorities can apply the framework. This report will be an essential resource to the chemical industry, environmentalists, ecologists, and state and local governments.
Book Synopsis Transport & Fate of Chemicals in Soils by : H. Magdi Selim
Download or read book Transport & Fate of Chemicals in Soils written by H. Magdi Selim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last four decades, tremendous advances have been made towards the understanding of transport characteristics of contaminants in soils, solutes, and tracers in geological media. Transport & Fate of Chemicals in Soils: Principles & Applications offers a comprehensive treatment of the subject complete with supporting examples of mathematical models that describe contaminants reactivity and transport in soils and aquifers. This approach makes it a practical guide for designing experiments and collecting data that focus on characterizing retention as well as release kinetic reactions in soils and contaminant transport experiments in the laboratory, greenhouse), and in the field. The book provides the basic framework of the principals governing the sorption and transport of chemicalsin soils. It focuses on physical processes such as fractured media, multiregion, multiple porosities, and heterogeneity and effect of scale as well as chemical processes such as nonlinear kinetics, release and desorption hysteresis, multisite and multireaction reactions, and competitive-type reactions. The coverage also includes details of sorption behavior of chemicals with soil matrix surfaces as well the integration of sorption characteristics with mechanisms that govern solute transport in soils. The discussions of applications of the principles of sorption and transport are not restricted to contaminants, but also include nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements including essential micronutrients, heavy metals, military explosives, pesticides, and radionuclides. Written in a very clear and easy-to-follow language by a pioneer in soil science, this book details the basic framework of the physical and chemical processes governing the transport of contaminants, trace elements, and heavy metals in soils. Highly practical, it includes laboratory methods, examples, and empirical formulations. The approach taken by the author gives you not only the fundamentals of understanding of reactive chemicals retention and their transport in soils and aquifers, but practical guidance you can put to immediate use in designing experiments and collecting data.
Book Synopsis Modelling of Environmental Chemical Exposure and Risk by : Jan B.H.J. Linders
Download or read book Modelling of Environmental Chemical Exposure and Risk written by Jan B.H.J. Linders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical models are being increasingly used to estimate the concentrations of a wide range of substances in the environment for a variety of reasons, including government control and legislation, and risk and hazard estimation. Exposure assessment has to be performed for many types of substances, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, pollutants, accidental discharges, etc. The interpretation of the results of model equations should always bear in mind the purpose for which the model used was built in the first place. Further, models are always an abstraction of reality, requiring simplifying assumptions to keep the models within the restraints posed by computer performance and/or scientific knowledge. The present book treats the theme of modelling chemical exposure and risk in terms of four main topics: model characteristics, applications, comparison of estimated with measured concentrations, and modelling credibility.
