Transformation Products Of Synthetic Chemicals In The Environment

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Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment

Author : Alistair Boxall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540882723
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment by : Alistair Boxall

Download or read book Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment written by Alistair Boxall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a synthetic chemical is released into the environment it may be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. These degradation processes usually involve a cascade of reactions resulting in the formation of a number of transformation products. While we usually know a great deal about the environmental properties, fate and effects of parent synthetic chemicals, our understanding of the impacts of transformation products is much less developed. As such, this volume brings together chapters from leading researchers in the field of transformation products in the environment and describes how these products are formed, how they move through the environment, and their environmental effects. The book also presents modelling and analytical approaches for understanding the occurrence, fate and effects of transformation products in the environment. It is of interest to scientists in academia, the chemicals industry and regulators, as well as graduate students in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology.

Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

Author : Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118339576
Total Pages : 992 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment by : Dimitra A. Lambropoulou

Download or read book Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment written by Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last 15 years, the focus of chemical pollution hasshifted from conventional pollutants to so-called“emerging” or “new” unregulatedcontaminants. These include pharmaceuticals and personal careproducts, hormones, UV filters, perfluorinated compounds,poylybrominated flame retardants (BFRs), pesticides, plasticizers,artificial sweeteners, illicit drugs, and endocrine disruptorcompounds (EDCs). Despite the increasing number of publishedstudies covering emerging contaminants, we know almost nothingabout the effects of their transformation products and/ormetabolites. This two-volume set provides a unique collection of research ontransformation products, their occurrence, fate and risks in theenvironment. It contains 32 chapters, organised into 7 parts, eachwith a distinct focus: • General Considerations • Transformation Processes and Treatment Strategies • Analytical Strategies • Occurrence, Fate and Effects in the Environment • Global Speciality and Environmental Status • Risk Assessment, Management and Regulatory Framework • Outlook Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in theEnvironment is a valuable resource for researchers and industryprofessionals in environmental chemistry, analytical chemistry,ecotoxicology, environmental sciences, and hydrology, as well asenvironmental consultants and regulatory bodies.

Organic Chemicals in the Environment

Author : Alasdair H. Neilson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781439826379
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Chemicals in the Environment by : Alasdair H. Neilson

Download or read book Organic Chemicals in the Environment written by Alasdair H. Neilson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the persistent environmental threat of organic chemicals with a fresh approach to degradation and transformation processes, Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Mechanisms of Degradation and Transformation, Second Edition examines a wide range of compounds as well as abiotic and microbiological reactions mediated by microorganisms. The book emphasizes the pathways used and the broad classes of enzymes involved. It provides an overview of experimental procedures with detailed coverage of the organic compounds that are considered to be xenobiotics. The book begins by providing a broad perspective on abiotic and biotic reactions, including the significance of a range of environmental determinants. The following chapters briefly introduce experimental procedures and emphasize those procedures for establishing the structure of metabolites using isotopes and physical methods. Next, the authors outline details of biochemical reactions involved in the biodegradation of the major groups of aliphatic, carbocyclic aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. They end with coverage of bioremediation that has attracted increasing concern because of the hazard presented by the disposal of unwanted chemicals or by-products from their manufacture. Broad and comprehensive, this book provides a cohesive treatment of the subject. It contains an extensive set of literature references and numerous illustrative figures. The authors use a mechanistic approach with emphasis on the pathways, and the principles that emerge provide a guide not only for specific compounds but also for those having a more remote structural resemblance.

Environmental Photochemistry

Author : Pierre Boule
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540690441
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Photochemistry by : Pierre Boule

Download or read book Environmental Photochemistry written by Pierre Boule and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary discipline, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives of Environ mental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose of this series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Environ mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over five million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about hundred and fifty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per year and through mining operations and other geophysical modifications, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan areas of up to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities of waste in relatively small and confined areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to interference and disturbance of natural systems.

Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle

Author : Despo Fatta-Kassinos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048135095
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle by : Despo Fatta-Kassinos

Download or read book Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle written by Despo Fatta-Kassinos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-06 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences is an impressive success story. The products of chemical and pharmaceutical industries are present eve- where in our everyday life. They help to pursue the modern way of living and they contribute to our high standard of living and safety, mobility, communication te- nologies, food, health, textiles and drinking water treatment, among many others. These products are labeled under the categories: pharmaceuticals, pesticides, det- gents, fertilizers, dyes, paints, preservatives, food additives and personal care pr- ucts, to name a few. Within these categories, groups of chemicals with similar structures can be found. However, often groups of chemicals with very different structures belong to the same category. For a long time the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, their usage and application was connected with the heavy pollution of the environment and serious health effects. At the end of the last century, it was realised that the products of che- cal and pharmaceutical industries are presenting a new type of environmental pol- tion that may also pose a health risk to the consumer. Most chemicals are used in so-called open applications in excessive amounts e. g. for personal care, hygiene, plant protection, health and in textiles. In many cases such as scents, detergents, textile chemicals, surface disinfectants, pesticides and others it is unavoidable that these chemicals are released into the environment according to their intended use.

Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products

Author : Thomas P. Knepper
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642218725
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products by : Thomas P. Knepper

Download or read book Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products written by Thomas P. Knepper and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their unparalleled effectiveness and efficiency, polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) have become essential in numerous technical applications. However, many PFCs brought to market show limited biodegradability, and their environmental persistence combined with toxic and bioaccumulative potential have become a matter of concern in some instances. This volume highlights the synthesis of PFCs, focusing on substances with improved application and environmental properties, which are a challenge for synthetic chemists. Further, modern mass spectrometric techniques for the detection and identification of biotransformation products of PFCs are described. The sorption and leaching behavior of PFC in soil is also addressed in order to predict their fate in the environment. Several contributions discuss the monitoring of PFCs in European surface, ground and drinking waters, treatment options for PFC removal from drinking water, occurrence in food, and the human biomonitoring of PFCs.

Chemical Toxicity Prediction

Author : Mark Cronin
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849734402
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Toxicity Prediction by : Mark Cronin

Download or read book Chemical Toxicity Prediction written by Mark Cronin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide the scientific background to using the formation of chemical categories, or groups, of molecules to allow for read-across i.e. the prediction of toxicity from chemical structure. It covers the scientific basis for this approach to toxicity prediction including the methods to group compounds (structural analogues and / or similarity, mechanism of action) and the tools to achieve this. The approaches to perform read-across within a chemical category are also described. Chemical Toxicity Prediction provides concise practical guidance for those wishing to apply these methods (in risk / hazard assessment) and will be illustrated with case studies. This is the first book that addresses the concept of category formation and read-across for toxicity prediction specifically. This topic has really taken off in the past few years due to concerns over dealing with the REACH legislation and also due to the availability of the OECD (Q)SAR Toolbox. Much (lengthy and complex) guidance is available on category formation e.g. from the OECD and, to a lesser extent, the European Chemicals Agency but there is no one single source of information that covers all techniques in a concise user-friendly format.

Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I

Author : Bernd Bilitewski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642248756
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I by : Bernd Bilitewski

Download or read book Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I written by Bernd Bilitewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical additives are used to enhance the properties of many industrial products. Since their release into the environment is a potential risk for man and nature, their fate and behavior were investigated in the framework of the European Union-funded project RISKCYCLE. The results are presented in two volumes, Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I: Production, Usage and Environmental Occurrence and Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives II: Risk-Based Assessment and Management Strategies. This book is the first of the two volumes and contains two main parts. The chapters of the first part provide a thorough review of the chemical additives used in the textile, plastics, lubricants, paper, leather and electronics industries, and describe the effect of each additive on the properties of the product. In the second part international case studies on the global trade of these chemicals and their impact on human health and the environment are presented. This volume is an invaluable source of information for scientists and governmental agencies dealing with the risk assessment of chemicals on a global scale.

Chemical Structure of Pelagic Redox Interfaces

Author : Evgeniy V. Yakushev
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642321259
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Structure of Pelagic Redox Interfaces by : Evgeniy V. Yakushev

Download or read book Chemical Structure of Pelagic Redox Interfaces written by Evgeniy V. Yakushev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades many studies have focused on the oxygen depletion of coastal and oceanic waters. An understanding of the processes involved is fundamental to assess the effects of global and climatic changes and to support an ecosystem approach to adaptive environmental management for coastal seas and ocean basins. This timely book presents the state-of-the-art of our knowledge of the nature and chemical structure of redox interfaces in a marine water column, oxygen depletion and connected processes. The structures of the redox layers, including the distribution of certain parameters and microbiological features, are described in detail. The volume also covers studies devoted to the interannual variability of some oxygen-depleted systems, modeling and new developments in observation techniques. In addition, it identifies remaining gaps in our knowledge of the cycling of chemical elements in changing redox conditions. The chapters are based on extensive observational data, collected by the authors during sea and shore expeditions, on archive data, and on a broad range of scientific literature.

Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment

Author : Bryan W. Brooks
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461434734
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment by : Bryan W. Brooks

Download or read book Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment written by Bryan W. Brooks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-08 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human interaction with the environment remains one of the most pervasive facets of modern society. In a world characterized by rapid population growth, unprecedented global trade and digital communications, energy security, natural resource scarcities, climatic changes and environmental quality, emerging diseases and public health, biodiversity and habitat modifications are routinely touted by the popular press as they canvas global political agendas and scholarly endeavors.

Frontier Studies in Soil Science

Author : Avelino Núñez-Delgado
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031505034
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontier Studies in Soil Science by : Avelino Núñez-Delgado

Download or read book Frontier Studies in Soil Science written by Avelino Núñez-Delgado and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Still Only One Earth

Author : RE Hester
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1782620761
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Still Only One Earth by : RE Hester

Download or read book Still Only One Earth written by RE Hester and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forty years since the first UN Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, how has the situation changed? We still have only one Earth but are we caring for and maintaining it? This book, written by leaders in the field, discusses the key environmental issues affecting the Earth today including atmospheric science, the marine environment, waste management and a specific chapter looking at changes in attitude to environmental issues. Aimed at policy makers, students, environmental scientists and thinkers, this title will be an important review bringing the reader right up to date with current opinions and attitudes.

Experiences from Ground, Coastal and Transitional Water Quality Monitoring

Author : Antoni Munné
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331923904X
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiences from Ground, Coastal and Transitional Water Quality Monitoring by : Antoni Munné

Download or read book Experiences from Ground, Coastal and Transitional Water Quality Monitoring written by Antoni Munné and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-23 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the experiences gained by the Catalan Water Agency (ACA) in a Mediterranean watershed – the Catalan River Basin District – following the launch of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the year 2000. Groundwater and coastal water experts present 13 chapters defining tools for water-status assessment specially adapted to Mediterranean conditions. The content of this and the companion volume Experiences from Surface Water Quality Monitoring: The EU Water Framework Directive Implementation in the Catalan River Basin District (Part I) are the result of an excellent collaboration between the ACA and several Catalan universities and research centers to cope with new challenges provided by the WFD monitoring requirements. The volume serves as a useful guide for environmental managers and scientists engaged in other European as well as Non-European river basins.

Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers

Author : Helena Guasch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642257216
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers by : Helena Guasch

Download or read book Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers written by Helena Guasch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enduring changes in the aquatic environment and the increasing influx of contaminants call for novel conceptual and methodological approaches to relating chemical pollution and ecological alterations in ecosystems. This volume highlights the latest advances concerning the sampling, analyses, occurrence, bioavailability, and effects of emerging and priority pollutants in European rivers, the current status of the River Management Plans in Europe, and the applicability of the newly developed techniques for water monitoring purposes. The topics are discussed in the context of the EU Water Framework Directive, evaluating their shortcomings and providing a basis for doing away with them. Linking scientific research and river management practices, this book is an invaluable source of information for environmental chemists, aquatic scientists, ecologists and water managers.

Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology

Author : Kunal Roy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119681596
Total Pages : 596 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology by : Kunal Roy

Download or read book Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology written by Kunal Roy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CHEMOMETRICS AND CHEMINFORMATICS IN AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY Explore chemometric and cheminformatic techniques and tools in aquatic toxicology Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology delivers an exploration of the existing and emerging problems of contamination of the aquatic environment through various metal and organic pollutants, including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biocides, nanomaterials, pesticides, surfactants, dyes, and more. The book discusses different chemometric and cheminformatic tools for non-experts and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data of chemicals to various aquatic organisms. You’ll learn about a variety of aquatic toxicity databases and chemometric software tools and webservers as well as practical examples of model development, including illustrations. You’ll also find case studies and literature reports to round out your understanding of the subject. Finally, you’ll learn about tools and protocols including machine learning, data mining, and QSAR and ligand-based chemical design methods. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to chemometric and cheminformatic tools and techniques, including machine learning and data mining An exploration of aquatic toxicity databases, chemometric software tools, and webservers Practical examples and case studies to highlight and illustrate the concepts contained within the book A concise treatment of chemometric and cheminformatic tools and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data Perfect for researchers and students in chemistry and the environmental and pharmaceutical sciences, Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals in the chemical industry and regulators whose work involves chemometrics.

Emerging Organic Contaminants and Human Health

Author : Damia Barcelo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 364228132X
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Organic Contaminants and Human Health by : Damia Barcelo

Download or read book Emerging Organic Contaminants and Human Health written by Damia Barcelo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-17 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of the occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants, discusses advanced chemical analysis methods, toxicological and ecotoxicological effects as well as human exposure. One focus is on pharmaceuticals, in particular antibiotics, and the problems associated with their increased use in hospitals. Other covered emerging contaminants occurring e.g. in food, water, air or soil include brominated flame retardants, polar pesticides, phthalates, phosphate esters, perfluorinated compounds, personal care products, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, illicit drugs, and nanomaterials. The chapters written by experts are a valuable source of information for a broad audience, such as analytical chemists, environmental chemists and engineers, toxicologists, ecotoxicologists and epidemiologists working already in this field as well as newcomers.

The Llobregat

Author : Sergi Sabater
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642309399
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis The Llobregat by : Sergi Sabater

Download or read book The Llobregat written by Sergi Sabater and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Llobregat belongs to the most thoroughly studied rivers in Europe and is a paradigm of the confluence of human and natural disturbances in a single basin. Because of its location in a very densely populated region and its Mediterranean character, the Llobregat supports a mixture of irregular flow, water abstraction, excess nutrients, mining debris, and a wide array of pollutants. The aquatic organisms strive to survive in a dramatically changing river that passes through a succession of dams, weirs and channels. The long-term river monitoring as well as the research that has been carried out in the river for a long time have provided an extensive knowledge of these disturbances and their effects on the biological communities. This book highlights the available information, with emphasis on the hydrological, chemical and biological elements interspersed in the river. Experts in the field discuss the main nutrient patterns and pollutant occurrence and the responses of the biological quality elements as well as the river ecosystem to the overall natural and man-made influences.