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Magnetic Pole Shift Mini Ice Age
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Download or read book The Little Ice Age written by Brian Fagan and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only in the last decade have climatologists developed an accurate picture of yearly climate conditions in historical times. This development confirmed a long-standing suspicion: that the world endured a 500-year cold snap -- The Little Ice Age -- that lasted roughly from A.D. 1300 until 1850. The Little Ice Age tells the story of the turbulent, unpredictable and often very cold years of modern European history, how climate altered historical events, and what they mean in the context of today's global warming. With its basis in cutting-edge science, The Little Ice Age offers a new perspective on familiar events. Renowned archaeologist Brian Fagan shows how the increasing cold affected Norse exploration; how changing sea temperatures caused English and Basque fishermen to follow vast shoals of cod all the way to the New World; how a generations-long subsistence crisis in France contributed to social disintegration and ultimately revolution; and how English efforts to improve farm productivity in the face of a deteriorating climate helped pave the way for the Industrial Revolution and hence for global warming. This is a fascinating, original book for anyone interested in history, climate, or the new subject of how they interact.
Book Synopsis The Winds of Change by : Eugene Linden
Download or read book The Winds of Change written by Eugene Linden and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2006 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are we better prepared than our ancestors were to deal with climate change? Explaining fast-changing science, Linden suggests that man must learn from the past to avoid a coming catastrophe. Illustrations throughout.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Pole Shift & Mini Ice Age by : Keredine Andrade Ganom
Download or read book Magnetic Pole Shift & Mini Ice Age written by Keredine Andrade Ganom and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes the connection between the Magnetic pole Shift and Mini Ice Age.The first chapters explain the moon Earth relationship, the gravitational two-way grip between the Moon and Earth, the Moon's Structure, Earth's inner structure, Earth's solid core inner structure's independent motion spin from the mantle/crust.The Inner core's independent spin from the Mantle/crust, importance to understanding what causes the magnetic pole shift, by the inner solid core shifting/tilting on its axis.The many possible causes of the magnetic pole shift are sited.A chapter on what are the main causes for the geographic pole's extreme cold temperature, and why they stay frozen.the importance of the torus/toroidal shape of the magnetosphere and atmosphere and its effect on the polar regions.How the magnetic pole shift will expand the frozen area of the geographic poles and cause a mini Ice Age. The period of a mini Ice Age and its consequences on life on Earth.Climate change / Global warming chapter, explaining why the mini Ice Age sited in this book is different and independent of man-made climate change issues.Bonus chapters on continental expansion and expanding Universe.
Book Synopsis The Little Ice Age by : Jean M. Grove
Download or read book The Little Ice Age written by Jean M. Grove and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evidence for the Little Ice Age, the most important fluctuation in global climate in historical times, is most dramatically represented by the advance of mountain glaciers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and their retreat since about 1850. The effects on the landscape and the daily life of people have been particularly apparent in Norway and the Alps. This major book places an extensive body of material relating to Europe, in the form of documentary evidence of the history of the glaciers, their portrayal in paintings and maps, and measurements made by scientists and others, within a global perspective. It shows that the glacial history of mountain regions all over the world displays a similar pattern of climatic events. Furthermore, fluctuations on a comparable scale have occurred at intervals of a millennium or two throughout the last ten thousand years since the ice caps of North America and northwest Europe melted away. This is the first scholarly work devoted to the Little Ice Age, by an author whose research experience of the subject has been extensive. This book includes large numbers of maps, diagrams and photographs, many not published elsewhere, and very full bibliographies. It is a definitive work on the subject, and an excellent focus for the work of economic and social historians as well as glaciologists, climatologists, geographers, and specialists in mountain environment.
Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.
Book Synopsis The Little Ice Age by : Jean M. Grove
Download or read book The Little Ice Age written by Jean M. Grove and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evidence for the Little Ice Age, the most important fluctuation in global climate in historical times, is most dramatically represented by the advance of mountain glaciers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and their retreat since about 1850. The effects on the landscape and the daily life of people have been particularly apparent in Norway and the Alps. This major book places an extensive body of material relating to Europe, in the form of documentary evidence of the history of the glaciers, their portrayal in paintings and maps, and measurements made by scientists and others, within a global perspective. It shows that the glacial history of mountain regions all over the world displays a similar pattern of climatic events. Furthermore, fluctuations on a comparable scale have occurred at intervals of a millennium or two throughout the last ten thousand years since the ice caps of North America and northwest Europe melted away. This is the first scholarly work devoted to the Little Ice Age, by an author whose research experience of the subject has been extensive. This book includes large numbers of maps, diagrams and photographs, many not published elsewhere, and very full bibliographies. It is a definitive work on the subject, and an excellent focus for the work of economic and social historians as well as glaciologists, climatologists, geographers, and specialists in mountain environment.
Book Synopsis The Frigid Golden Age by : Dagomar Degroot
Download or read book The Frigid Golden Age written by Dagomar Degroot and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dagomar Degroot offers the first detailed analysis of how a society thrived amid the Little Ice Age, a period of climatic cooling that reached its chilliest point between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. The precocious economy, unusual environment, and dynamic intellectual culture of the Dutch Republic in its seventeenth-century Golden Age allowed it to thrive as neighboring societies unraveled in the face of extremes in temperature and precipitation. By tracing the occasionally counterintuitive manifestations of climate change from global to local scales, Degroot finds that the Little Ice Age presented not only challenges for Dutch citizens but also opportunities that they aggressively exploited in conducting commerce, waging war, and creating culture. The overall success of their Republic in coping with climate change offers lessons that we would be wise to heed today, as we confront the growing crisis of global warming.
Book Synopsis The Discovery of Global Warming by : Spencer R. Weart
Download or read book The Discovery of Global Warming written by Spencer R. Weart and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001 a panel representing virtually all the world's governments and climate scientists announced that they had reached a consensus: the world was warming at a rate without precedent during at least the last ten millennia, and that warming was caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases from human activity. The consensus itself was at least a century in the making. The story of how scientists reached their conclusion--by way of unexpected twists and turns and in the face of formidable intellectual, financial, and political obstacles--is told for the first time in The Discovery of Global Warming. Spencer R. Weart lucidly explains the emerging science, introduces us to the major players, and shows us how the Earth's irreducibly complicated climate system was mirrored by the global scientific community that studied it. Unlike familiar tales of Science Triumphant, this book portrays scientists working on bits and pieces of a topic so complex that they could never achieve full certainty--yet so important to human survival that provisional answers were essential. Weart unsparingly depicts the conflicts and mistakes, and how they sometimes led to fruitful results. His book reminds us that scientists do not work in isolation, but interact in crucial ways with the political system and with the general public. The book not only reveals the history of global warming, but also analyzes the nature of modern scientific work as it confronts the most difficult questions about the Earth's future. Table of Contents: Preface 1. How Could Climate Change? 2. Discovering a Possibility 3. A Delicate System 4. A Visible Threat 5. Public Warnings 6. The Erratic Beast 7. Breaking into Politics 8. The Discovery Confirmed Reflections Milestones Notes Further Reading Index Reviews of this book: A soberly written synthesis of science and politics. --Gilbert Taylor, Booklist Reviews of this book: Charting the evolution and confirmation of the theory [of global warming], Spencer R. Weart, director of the Center for the History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics, dissects the interwoven threads of research and reveals the political and societal subtexts that colored scientists' views and the public reception their work received. --Andrew C. Revkin, New York Times Book Review Reviews of this book: It took a century for scientists to agree that gases produced by human activity were causing the world to warm up. Now, in an engaging book that reads like a detective story, physicist Weart reports the history of global warming theory, including the internal conflicts plaguing the research community and the role government has had in promoting climate studies. --Publishers Weekly Reviews of this book: It is almost two centuries since the French mathematician Jean Baptiste Fourier discovered that the Earth was far warmer than it had any right to be, given its distance from the Sun...Spencer Weart's book about how Fourier's initially inconsequential discovery finally triggered urgent debate about the future habitability of the Earth is lucid, painstaking and commendably brief, packing everything into 200 pages. --Fred Pearce, The Independent Reviews of this book: [The Discovery of Global Warming] is a well-written, well-researched and well-balanced account of the issues involved...This is not a sermon for the faithful, or verses from Revelation for the evangelicals, but a serious summary for those who like reasoned argument. Read it--and be converted. --John Emsley, Times Literary Supplement Reviews of this book: This is a terrific book...Perhaps the finest compliment I could give this book is to report that I intend to use it instead of my own book...for my climate class. The Discovery of Global Warming is more up-to-date, better balanced historically, beautifully written and, not least important, short and to the point. I think the [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] needs to enlist a few good historians like Weart for its next assessment. --Stephen H. Schneider, Nature Reviews of this book: This short, well-written book by a science historian at the American Institute of Physics adds a serious voice to the overheated debate about global warming and would serve as a great starting point for anyone who wants to better understand the issue. --Maureen Christie, American Scientist Reviews of this book: I was very pleasantly surprised to find that Spencer Weart's account provides much valuable and interesting material about how the discipline developed--not just from the perspective of climate science but also within the context of the field's relation to other scientific disciplines, the media, political trends, and even 20th-century history (particularly the Cold War). In addition, Weart has done a valuable service by recording for posterity background information on some of the key discoveries and historical figures who contributed to our present understanding of the global warming problem. --Thomas J. Crowley, Science Reviews of this book: Weart has done us all a service by bringing the discovery of global warming into a short, compendious and persuasive book for a general readership. He is especially strong on the early days and the scientific background. --Crispin Tickell, Times Higher Education Supplement A Capricious Beast Ever since the days when he had trudged around fossil lake basins in Nevada for his doctoral thesis, Wally Broecker had been interested in sudden climate shifts. The reported sudden jumps of CO2 in Greenland ice cores stimulated him to put this interest into conjunction with his oceanographic interests. The result was a surprising and important calculation. The key was what Broecker later described as a "great conveyor belt'"of seawater carrying heat northward. . . . The energy carried to the neighborhood of Iceland was "staggering," Broecker realized, nearly a third as much as the Sun sheds upon the entire North Atlantic. If something were to shut down the conveyor, climate would change across much of the Northern Hemisphere' There was reason to believe a shutdown could happen swiftly. In many regions the consequences for climate would be spectacular. Broecker was foremost in taking this disagreeable news to the public. In 1987 he wrote that we had been treating the greenhouse effect as a 'cocktail hour curiosity,' but now 'we must view it as a threat to human beings and wildlife.' The climate system was a capricious beast, he said, and we were poking it with a sharp stick. I found the book enjoyable, thoughtful, and an excellent introduction to the history of what may be one of the most important subjects of the next one hundred years. --Clark Miller, University of Wisconsin The Discovery of Global Warming raises important scientific issues and topics and includes essential detail. Readers should be able to follow the discussion and emerge at the end with a good understanding of how scientists have developed a consensus on global warming, what it is, and what issues now face human society. --Thomas R. Dunlap, Texas A&M University
Book Synopsis More Than 60 Minutes by : T. S. Niazi
Download or read book More Than 60 Minutes written by T. S. Niazi and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2009-12-08 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnetic poles are tilting & ice caps are melting. There are cycles of Earth changes that occurred before & will arrive again. History, geology and science tell us about the reason & the consequen
Book Synopsis The Path of the Pole by : Charles H. Hapgood
Download or read book The Path of the Pole written by Charles H. Hapgood and published by Adventures Unlimited Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hapgood's tour de force is back in print! This riveting account of how earth's poles have flipped positions many times is the culmination of Hapgood's extensive research of Antarctica, ancient maps and the geological record. This amazing book discusses the various pole shifts in earth's history -- occurring when earth's crust slips in the inner core -- and gives evidence for each one. It also predicts future pole shifts: a planetary alignment will cause the next one on 5 May 2000! Packed with illustrations, this book is the reference other books on the subject cite over and over again. With millennium madness in full swing, this is just the book to generate even more excitement at the unknown possibilities.
Download or read book Little Ice Ages written by Jean M. Grove and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2004 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise and accessible new text offers original and insightful analysis of the policy paradigm informing international statebuilding interventions. The book covers the theoretical frameworks and practices of international statebuilding, the debates they have triggered, and the way that international statebuilding has developed in the post-Cold War era. Spanning a broad remit of policy practices from post-conflict peacebuilding to sustainable development and EU enlargement, Chandler draws out how these policies have been cohered around the problematization of autonomy or self-government. Rather than promoting democracy on the basis of the universal capacity of people for self-rule, international statebuilding assumes that people lack capacity to make their own judgements safely and therefore that democracy requires external intervention and the building of civil society and state institutional capacity. Chandler argues that this policy framework inverses traditional liberal “democratic understandings of autonomy and freedom “ privileging governance over government “ and that the dominance of this policy perspective is a cause of concern for those who live in states involved in statebuilding as much as for those who are subject to these new regulatory frameworks. Encouraging readers to reflect upon the changing understanding of both state “society relations and of the international sphere itself, this work will be of great interest to all scholars of international relations, international security and development.
Download or read book Pole Shift written by David Montaigne and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Your government and religious leaders may not want you to know, but the evidence suggests that pole shifts are both magnetic and geophysical, with a periodic cycle of recurring and predictable cataclysms involving huge earthquakes and tsunamis, changes in latitude and altitude, mass extinctions, and the destruction of civilizations, reducing them to myth and legend. Evidence from geology, biology, astronomy, physics, history, mythology, religion and prophecy all suggests that the next pole shift is due in the 21st century.
Book Synopsis The Cosmic Zoo by : Dirk Schulze-Makuch
Download or read book The Cosmic Zoo written by Dirk Schulze-Makuch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-18 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans a galactic oddity, or will complex life with human abilities develop on planets with environments that remain habitable for long enough? In a clear, jargon-free style, two leading researchers in the burgeoning field of astrobiology critically examine the major evolutionary steps that led us from the distant origins of life to the technologically advanced species we are today. Are the key events that took life from simple cells to astronauts unique occurrences that would be unlikely to occur on other planets? By focusing on what life does - it's functional abilities - rather than specific biochemistry or anatomy, the authors provide plausible answers to this question. Systematically exploring the various pathways that led to the complex biosphere we experience on planet Earth, they show that most of the steps along that path are likely to occur on any world hosting life, with only two exceptions: One is the origin of life itself – if this is a highly improbable event, then we live in a rather “empty universe”. However, if this isn’t the case, we inevitably live in a universe containing a myriad of planets hosting complex as well as microbial life - a “cosmic zoo”. The other unknown is the rise of technologically advanced beings, as exemplified on Earth by humans. Only one technological species has emerged in the roughly 4 billion years life has existed on Earth, and we don’t know of any other technological species elsewhere. If technological intelligence is a rare, almost unique feature of Earth's history, then there can be no visitors to the cosmic zoo other than ourselves. Schulze-Makuch and Bains take the reader through the history of life on Earth, laying out a consistent and straightforward framework for understanding why we should think that advanced, complex life exists on planets other than Earth. They provide a unique perspective on the question that puzzled the human species for centuries: are we alone?
Book Synopsis Reconstructing Quaternary Environments by : J. John Lowe
Download or read book Reconstructing Quaternary Environments written by J. John Lowe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of Reconstructing Quaternary Environments has been completely revised and updated to provide a new account of the history and scale of environmental changes during the Quaternary. The evidence is extremely diverse ranging from landforms and sediments to fossil assemblages and geochemical data, and includes new data from terrestrial, marine and ice-core records. Dating methods are described and evaluated, while the principles and practices of Quaternary stratigraphy are also discussed. The volume concludes with a new chapter which considers some of the key questions about the nature, causes and consequences of global climatic and environmental change over a range of temporal scales. This synthesis builds on the methods and approaches described earlier in the book to show how a number of exciting ideas that have emerged over the last two decades are providing new insights into the operation of the global earth-ocean-atmosphere system, and are now central to many areas of contemporary Quaternary research. This comprehensive and dynamic textbook is richly illustrated throughout with full-colour figures and photographs. The book will be of interest to undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals in Earth Science, Environmental Science, Physical Geography, Geology, Botany, Zoology, Ecology, Archaeology and Anthropology
Book Synopsis Canon of Insolation and the Ice-age Problem by : Milutin Milanković
Download or read book Canon of Insolation and the Ice-age Problem written by Milutin Milanković and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Rolf A. F. Witzsche Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781523802111 Total Pages :106 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (21 download)
Book Synopsis The Primer Fields by : Rolf A. F. Witzsche
Download or read book The Primer Fields written by Rolf A. F. Witzsche and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-02-02 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term, 'Primer Fields' refers to electromagnetic structures in space that focus interstellar plasma in concentrated form onto our Sun. Without the Primer Fields the Earth would be in an Ice Age environment. We, ourselves, would likely not exist then. The fields are created by magnetic effects of flowing plasma acting on itself. A threshold must be exceeded for the fields to form. Below it, the fields cannot form. The Sun is powered at a lower level when the Primer Fields are not active. At the inactive state the solar activity is reduced to a type of cosmic default level with 70% less radiated energy. The phase shift starts an Ice Age. At the present rate of diminishment, the solar activity threshold may be reached in 30 years, or in the 2050s, most likely. That's when the interglacial period ends and the greatest Climate Change in recorded history, happens. With the primer system gone inactive, the climate on Earth will get 40 times colder than the Little Ice Age in the 1600s had been. Ice core evidence promise that. Without the needed preparations for human living in such an environment, 99% of humanity would die of starvation, both by the cold and by CO2 depletion as more of it becomes dissolved into the sea. With the fields being critical for our very existence, they have been explored in laboratory experiments. Numerous fields of evidence tell us that the next Ice Age is near. That's where the truth begins. Most of the evidence was discovered in the 1990s and thereafter. Some evidence is measured in ice cores; some is measured in space, by satellites. Some measurements are also made on the ground in terms of measurements of the Earth's magnetic-pole drift observed in northern Canada. All of this is seen combined with high-energy physics experiments at a leading national laboratory, and is also explored in the small in static experiments. Against the background of these widely diverse types of evidence that have been recently discovered, the historic Little Ice Age in the 1600s, takes on a new dimension as a yardstick for measuring the future that by this evidence promises to be up to 40-times colder than the Little Ice Age had been. It qualifies for the term, Absolute! The evidence poses a great challenge ahead. Are we ready to respond? The Ice Age phase shift in climate is a stark in differences as night and day, and similarly fast. In the Little Ice Age between 10% and up to 30% of the populations in Europe had perished by starvation. The last Big Ice Age was evidently vastly harsher. Only 1-10 million people emerged from it alive. That's all we had after 2 million years of development. We want to do far better this time around; and we can, with large-scale technological infrastructures for our food supply. But will we create them? Will we get the job done in the 30 years that we still have left before the Ice Age starts anew? Will we even consider it? And how certain are we that the phase shift to the next glaciation period will begin, as the evidence suggests, in the 2050s? We have no slack on this front. We have no slack on this front. Should we fail us on this absolute front, we would be committing suicide. So, what will the answer be? Will we move with the evidence? Or will we lay ourselves down to die by default? It takes an independent researcher to brake the taboos that have kept mainstream cosmology imprisoned, increasingly, during the past century, even while what is regarded as taboo is known to be wrong. The Illustrated Science series is intended to open the scene beyond the threshold of accepted taboos, to where the actual physical evidence speaks for itself. The scope of the existential challenge that the Ice Age brings with it, takes astrophysics out of the academic domain and places it into the foreground as one of the most-critical issues of our time. The big Climate Change events that have already worldwide effects are mere fringe effects in the flow of the ever-changing cosmic dynamics.
Book Synopsis Little Ice Ages Vol2 Ed2 by : Jean M Grove
Download or read book Little Ice Ages Vol2 Ed2 written by Jean M Grove and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
