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Interactions Between The Reaction Zone And Soot Field In A Laminar Boundary Layer Type Diffusion Flame
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Book Synopsis Interactions Between the Reaction Zone and Soot Field in a Laminar Boundary Layer Type Diffusion Flame by : Andrés Fuentes
Download or read book Interactions Between the Reaction Zone and Soot Field in a Laminar Boundary Layer Type Diffusion Flame written by Andrés Fuentes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concurrent spreading of a boundary layer type diffusion flame is studied. The impossibility of obtaining a low velocity laminar flow without any perturbation induced by buoyancy has lead to the development of an experimental apparatus for use in micro-gravity facilities. Based on previous experimental observations, an original numerical approach has been developed showing, first the dominating role of the radiative heat transfer on the structure of the flame and second the major role of the soot on the extinction phenomenon at the flame trailing edge. The influence of the forced flow velocity, the fuel injection velocity and oxygen concentration on the geometry of the flame has been examined by imaging of CH* and OH* radicals spontaneous emission. Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) is used to determine the soot field concentration in the flame. The soot formation has been studied by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The interaction between the reaction zone and the field of soot formation/oxidation is taken into account to analyze the flame length. These results can be used as the experimental input data for a future complete validation of numerical model simulating the soot formation and oxidation in this kind of flame.
Book Synopsis On the Internal Structure of Laminar Diffusion Flames by : AMABLE. LINAN
Download or read book On the Internal Structure of Laminar Diffusion Flames written by AMABLE. LINAN and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was carried out on the influence of chemical kinetics on laminar diffusion flames. In most of the flames of practical interest, the reaction zone is of negligible thickness, making it possible to obtain a solution of the boundary layer type. At each side of the reaction zone the temperature and concentration distributions may be determined by using the Burke-Schumann assumption of infinitely fast reaction rate. In the reaction zone, or chemical boundary layer, the convection effects may be neglected as compared with chemical reaction, conduction and diffusion effects. The equations governing this layer take then a simple for ; and from their solution a criterium for the validity of BurkeSchumann assumption and for flame extinction may be obtained. (Author).
Download or read book Applied mechanics reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On the Structure of Laminar Diffusion Flames by : Amable Liñán
Download or read book On the Structure of Laminar Diffusion Flames written by Amable Liñán and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structure of laminar diffusion flames is analyzed in the limiting case of large, although finite, reaction rates. It is shown that the chemical reaction takes place only in a very thin region or chemical boundary layer where convection effects may be neglected. Then the temperature and mass fraction distributions within the reaction zone are obtained analytically. The flame position, rates of fuel consumption, and temperature and concentration distributions outside of the reaction zone may be obtained by using the assumption of infinite reaction rates. For large Reynolds numbers mixing and combustion take place in boundary layers and free mixing layers. And again analytical solutions are obtained for the temperature and mass fraction distributions outside of the reaction zone. (Author).
Book Synopsis A Fundamental Study of Soot Formation in Diffusion Flames by : Richard L. Axelbaum
Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Soot Formation in Diffusion Flames written by Richard L. Axelbaum and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soot and Radiation in Free Boundary Layer Flames by : Clement Ighama Okoh
Download or read book Soot and Radiation in Free Boundary Layer Flames written by Clement Ighama Okoh and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fire, Combustion, and Hazardous Waste Processing by : Sumanta Acharya
Download or read book Fire, Combustion, and Hazardous Waste Processing written by Sumanta Acharya and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Interactions of a Flame and Its Self-Induced Boundary Layer by :
Download or read book The Interactions of a Flame and Its Self-Induced Boundary Layer written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of a City Gas Diffusion Flame: A. Interactions with an Electric Field. B. Properties of the Contained Soot by : Alvin Edward Witt
Download or read book A Study of a City Gas Diffusion Flame: A. Interactions with an Electric Field. B. Properties of the Contained Soot written by Alvin Edward Witt and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soot, Temperature, and OH Measurements in a Unsteady Counterflow Diffusion Flame by : William Roberts
Download or read book Soot, Temperature, and OH Measurements in a Unsteady Counterflow Diffusion Flame written by William Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research project was to increase the current level of understanding of the interaction between an unsteady hydrodynamic field and the chemical kinetics in a laminar diffusion flamelet. A steady counterflow diffusion flame burner has been modified to allow periodic oscillations of the input velocity. Laser diagnostics were used to quantitatively measure soot volume fraction in an unsteady propane-air counterflow diffusion flame. The instantaneous strain rate at global flame extinction for a propane-air flame has been measured as a function of steady strain and both amplitude and frequency of the unsteady component Two component LDV was used to measure the velocities allowing determination of the true strain rate. The phase lag between velocity and strain rate was quantified. Low frequency oscillations in the reactant flow rates increased net soot production by as much as 6 times over the steady flame. At low initial strain rates, high frequency oscillations reduce the maximum soot volume fraction by as much as 90% of the steady flame soot concentration. At high initial strain rates, soot production was insensitive to high frequency oscillations.
Book Synopsis Fuel Structure and Pressure Effects on the Formation of Soot Particles in Diffusion Flames by : Robert J. Santoro
Download or read book Fuel Structure and Pressure Effects on the Formation of Soot Particles in Diffusion Flames written by Robert J. Santoro and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies emphasizing the effects of fuel concentration and operating pressure on the formation of soot particles have been conducted in a series of laminar diffusion flames. These experiments have shown that fuel concentration has a measurable effect on the amount of soot formed in the flame. However, a simple, constant proportionality between the fuel concentration and soot volume fraction has not been found to apply for the range of flow conditions studied. This observation is believed to be a result of flame residence time and diffusion effects which mitigate the consequences of reduced initial fuel concentration. Comparisons with simple laminar diffusion flame models are currently being used to investigate the relationship between initial fuel concentration and local flame concentration fields. Similar studies of soot formation in laminar diffusion flames as a function of operating pressure have also been completed for ethene, ethane and propene fuel species. Keywords: Soot formation, Soot particles, Diffusion flames. (JES).
Book Synopsis Soot and Radiation in Combusting Boundary Layers by :
Download or read book Soot and Radiation in Combusting Boundary Layers written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most fires thermal radiation is the dominant mode of heat transfer. Carbon particles within the fire are responsible for most of this emitted radiation and hence warrant quantification. As a first step toward understanding thermal radiation in full scale fires, an experimental and theoretical study is presented for a laminar combusting boundary layer. Carbon particulate volume fraction profiles and approximate particle size distributions are experimentally determined in both free and forced flow for several hydrocarbon fuels and PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate). A multiwavelength laser transmission technique determines a most probable radius and a total particle concentration which are two unknown parameters in an assumed Gauss size distribution. A sooting region is observed on the fuel rich side of the main reaction zone. For free flow, all the flames are in air, but the free stream ambient oxygen mass fraction is a variable in forced flow. To study the effects of radiation heat transfer, a model is developed for a laminar combusting boundary layer over a pyrolyzing fuel surface. An optically thin approximation simplifies the calculation of the radiant energy flux at the fuel surface. For the free flames in air, the liquid fuel soot volume fractions, f/sub v/, range from f/sub v/ approx. 10−7 for n-heptane, a paraffin, to f/sub v/ approx. 10−7 for toluene, an aromatic. The PMMA soot volume fractions, f/sub v/ approx. 5 x 10−7, are approximately the same as the values previously reported for pool fires. Soot volume fraction increases monotonically with ambient oxygen mass fraction in the forced flow flames. For all fuels tested, a most probable radius between 20 nm and 80 nm is obtained which varies only slightly with oxygen mass fraction, streamwise position, or distance normal to the fuel surface. The theoretical analysis yields nine dimensionless parameters, which control the mass flux rate at the pyrolyzing fuel surface.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720608042 Total Pages :58 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (8 download)
Book Synopsis Laminar Soot Processes (Lsp) by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Laminar Soot Processes (Lsp) written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report of a research program considering the structure and the soot surface reaction properties of laminar nonpremixed (diffusion) flames. The study was limited to ground-based measurements of buoyant laminar jet diffusion flames at pressures of 0.1-1.0 atm. The motivation for the research is that soot formation in flames is a major unresolved problem of combustion science that influences the pollutant emissions, durability and performance of power and propulsion systems, as well as the potential for developing computational combustion. The investigation was divided into two phases considering the structure of laminar soot-containing diffusion flames and the soot surface reaction properties (soot surface growth and oxidation) of these flames, in turn. The first phase of the research addressed flame and soot structure properties of buoyant laminar jet diffusion flames at various pressures. The measurements showed that H, OH and O radical concentrations were generally in superequilibrium concentrations at atmospheric pressure but tended toward subequilibrium concentrations as pressures decreased. The measurements indicated that the original fuel decomposed into more robust compounds at elevated temperatures, such as acetylene (unless the original fuel was acetylene) and H, which are the major reactants for soot surface growth, and that the main effect of the parent fuel on soot surface growth involved its yield of acetylene and H for present test conditions. The second phase of the research addressed soot surface reaction properties, e.g., soot surface growth and surface oxidation. It was found that soot surface growth rates in both laminar premixed and diffusion flames were in good agreement, that these rates were relatively independent of fuel type, and that these rates could be correlated by the Hydrogen-Abstraction/Carbon-Addition (HACA) mechanisms of Colket and Hall (1994), Frenklach et al. (1990,1994), and Kazakov et al. (1995). It was also fou
Book Synopsis Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties by : J. Lahaye
Download or read book Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties written by J. Lahaye and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.
Book Synopsis Turbulent Combustion by : Norbert Peters
Download or read book Turbulent Combustion written by Norbert Peters and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combustion of fossil fuels remains a key technology for the foreseeable future. It is therefore important that we understand the mechanisms of combustion and, in particular, the role of turbulence within this process. Combustion always takes place within a turbulent flow field for two reasons: turbulence increases the mixing process and enhances combustion, but at the same time combustion releases heat which generates flow instability through buoyancy, thus enhancing the transition to turbulence. The four chapters of this book present a thorough introduction to the field of turbulent combustion. After an overview of modeling approaches, the three remaining chapters consider the three distinct cases of premixed, non-premixed, and partially premixed combustion, respectively. This book will be of value to researchers and students of engineering and applied mathematics by demonstrating the current theories of turbulent combustion within a unified presentation of the field.
