Individual Differences In Working Memory Capacity And The Distinction Between Proactive And Reactive Control

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Variation in Working Memory

Author : Andrew Conway
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019972167X
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Variation in Working Memory by : Andrew Conway

Download or read book Variation in Working Memory written by Andrew Conway and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-13 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory--the ability to keep important information in mind while comprehending, thinking, and acting--varies considerably from person to person and changes dramatically during each person's life. Understanding such individual and developmental differences is crucial because working memory is a major contributor to general intellectual functioning. This volume offers a state-of-the-art, integrative, and comprehensive approach to understanding variation in working memory by presenting explicit, detailed comparisons of the leading theories. It incorporates views from the different research groups that operate on each side of the Atlantic, and covers working-memory research on a wide variety of populations, including healthy adults, children with and without learning difficulties, older adults, and adults and children with neurological disorders. A particular strength of this volume is that each research group explicitly addresses the same set of theoretical questions, from the perspective of both their own theoretical and experimental work and from the perspective of relevant alternative approaches. Through these questions, each research group considers their overarching theory of working memory, specifies the critical sources of working memory variation according to their theory, reflects on the compatibility of their approach with other approaches, and assesses their contribution to general working memory theory. This shared focus across chapters unifies the volume and highlights the similarities and differences among the various theories. Each chapter includes both a summary of research positions and a detailed discussion of each position. Variation in Working Memory achieves coherence across its chapters, while presenting the entire range of current theoretical and experimental approaches to variation in working memory.

The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control

Author : Tobias Egner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118920546
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control by : Tobias Egner

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control written by Tobias Egner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering basic theory, new research, and intersections with adjacent fields, this is the first comprehensive reference work on cognitive control – our ability to use internal goals to guide thought and behavior. Draws together expert perspectives from a range of disciplines, including cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and neurology Covers behavioral phenomena of cognitive control, neuroanatomical and computational models of frontal lobe function, and the interface between cognitive control and other mental processes Explores the ways in which cognitive control research can inform and enhance our understanding of brain development and neurological and psychiatric conditions

Executive Function

Author : Sandra A. Wiebe
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351663232
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Executive Function by : Sandra A. Wiebe

Download or read book Executive Function written by Sandra A. Wiebe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive Function: Development Across the Life Span presents perspectives from leading researchers and theorists on the development of executive function from infancy to late adulthood and the factors that shape its growth and decline. Executive function is the set of higher-order cognitive processes involved in regulating attention, thoughts, and actions. Relative to other cognitive domains, its development is slow and decline begins early in late adulthood. As such, it is particularly sensitive to variations in environments and experiences, and there is growing evidence that it is susceptible to intervention – important because of its link to a wide range of important life outcomes. The volume is made up of four sections. It begins with an overview of executive function’s typical development across the lifespan, providing a foundation for the remainder of the volume. The second section presents insights into mechanisms of executive function, as provided by a variety of methodological approaches. The third and fourth sections review the current research evidence on specific factors that shape executive function’s development, focusing on normative (e.g., bilingualism, physical activity, cognitive training) and clinically relevant (e.g., substance use, neurodegenerative disease) developmental pathways.

The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control

Author : Tobias Egner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118920473
Total Pages : 1070 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control by : Tobias Egner

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control written by Tobias Egner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering basic theory, new research, and intersections with adjacent fields, this is the first comprehensive reference work on cognitive control – our ability to use internal goals to guide thought and behavior. Draws together expert perspectives from a range of disciplines, including cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and neurology Covers behavioral phenomena of cognitive control, neuroanatomical and computational models of frontal lobe function, and the interface between cognitive control and other mental processes Explores the ways in which cognitive control research can inform and enhance our understanding of brain development and neurological and psychiatric conditions

Working Memory Capacity

Author : Nelson Cowan
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317232380
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Working Memory Capacity by : Nelson Cowan

Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.

Acting Intentionally and Its Limits: Individuals, Groups, Institutions

Author : Gottfried Seebaß
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110284464
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Acting Intentionally and Its Limits: Individuals, Groups, Institutions by : Gottfried Seebaß

Download or read book Acting Intentionally and Its Limits: Individuals, Groups, Institutions written by Gottfried Seebaß and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the first comprehensive survey of limits of the intentional control of action from an interdisciplinary perspective. It brings together leading scholars from philosophy, psychology, and the law to elucidate this theoretically and practically important topic from a variety of theoretical and disciplinary approaches. It provides reflections on conceptual foundations as well as a wealth of empirical data and will be a valuable resource for students and researchers alike. Among the authors: Clancy Blair, Todd S. Braver, Michael W. Cole, Anika Fäsche, Maayan Davidov, Peter Gollwitzer, Kai Robin Grzyb, Tobias Heikamp, Gabriele Oettingen, Rachel McKinnon, Nachschon Meiran, Hans Christian Röhl, Michael Schmitz, John R. Searle, Gottfried Seebaß, Gisela Trommsdorff, Felix Thiede, J. Lukas Thürmer, Frank Wieber.

Artificial Intelligence in Education

Author : Ig Ibert Bittencourt
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030522377
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence in Education by : Ig Ibert Bittencourt

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Education written by Ig Ibert Bittencourt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-04 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set LNAI 12163 and 12164 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, AIED 2020, held in Ifrane, Morocco, in July 2020.* The 49 full papers presented together with 66 short, 4 industry & innovation, 4 doctoral consortium, and 4 workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 214 submissions. The conference provides opportunities for the cross-fertilization of approaches, techniques and ideas from the many fields that comprise AIED, including computer science, cognitive and learning sciences, education, game design, psychology, sociology, linguistics as well as many domain-specific areas. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Video Games as Tools to Achieve Insight into Cognitive Processes

Author : Walter R. Boot
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889195538
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Video Games as Tools to Achieve Insight into Cognitive Processes by : Walter R. Boot

Download or read book Video Games as Tools to Achieve Insight into Cognitive Processes written by Walter R. Boot and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though traditionally designed for entertainment, video games are being used more and more by psychologists to understand topics such as skill acquisition, cognitive capacity and plasticity, aging, individual differences, and development. The appeal of using video games over simpler laboratory paradigms partly comes from their ability to present rich and complex cognitive challenges more representative of the demands of the complex everyday tasks we perform outside of the laboratory. However, this complexity also presents a host of methodological and analytic challenges. This Research Topic brings together research using games to explore cognitive processes, with a special focus on the challenges of this approach. Challenges are in terms of design, implementation, or data analysis.

Memory in Science for Society

Author : Robert Logie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192665588
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Memory in Science for Society by : Robert Logie

Download or read book Memory in Science for Society written by Robert Logie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-12 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory is essential for every day life. The understanding and study of memory has continued to grow over the years, thanks to well controlled laboratory studies and theory development. However, major challenges arise when attempting to apply theories of memory function to practical problems in society. A theory might be robust in explaining experimental data but fail to capture all that is important when taken out of the lab. The good news is that the application of memory in science to challenges in society is rapidly expanding, and Memory in Science for Society bridges that gap. Inspired by the synergy between theory and application in memory research, leading international researchers share their passion for combining memory in science with applications of that science to a wide range of challenges in society. Chapters demonstrate how that scientific passion has addressed challenges in education, life attainment, second language learning, remembering life events and faces of strangers, future planning and decision making, lifespan cognitive development and age-related cognitive decline, following instructions, and assessment and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment following brain damage. Written and edited by the leading researchers in the field, the book will be an important and influential addition to the memory literature, providing a new and comprehensive focus on the connection between theory and practice in memory and society.

Psychology and Mathematics Education

Author : Gila Hanna
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832529992
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychology and Mathematics Education by : Gila Hanna

Download or read book Psychology and Mathematics Education written by Gila Hanna and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Mathematics is constructed rigorously through proofs, based on truths, which are either axioms or previously proven theorems. Thus, it is par excellence a model of rational inquiry. Links between Cognitive Psychology and Mathematics Education have been particularly strong during the last decades. Indeed, the Enlightenment view of the rational human mind that reasons, makes decisions and solves problems based on logic and probabilities, was shaken during the second half of the twentieth century. Cognitive psychologists discovered that humans' thoughts and actions often deviate from rules imposed by strict normative theories of inference. Yet, these deviations should not be called "errors": as Cognitive Psychologists have demonstrated, these deviations may be either valid heuristics that succeed in the environments in which humans have evolved, or biases that are caused by a lack of adaptation to abstract information formats. Humans, as the cognitive psychologist and economist Herbert Simon claimed, do not usually optimize, but rather satisfice, even when solving problem. This Research Topic aims at demonstrating that these insights have had a decisive impact on Mathematics Education. We want to stress that we are concerned with the view of bounded rationality that is different from the one espoused by the heuristics-and-biases program. In Simon’s bounded rationality and its direct descendant ecological rationality, rationality is understood in terms of cognitive success in the world (correspondence) rather than in terms of conformity to content-free norms of coherence (e.g., transitivity).

Current MEG Research in Psychiatry

Author : Yoji Hirano
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889666085
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Current MEG Research in Psychiatry by : Yoji Hirano

Download or read book Current MEG Research in Psychiatry written by Yoji Hirano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Unconscious information processing in executive control

Author : Nicola De Pisapia
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889191060
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Unconscious information processing in executive control by : Nicola De Pisapia

Download or read book Unconscious information processing in executive control written by Nicola De Pisapia and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to review and further explore the topic of unconscious processing in executive control. Executive control refers to the ability of the human brain – mostly associated with prefrontal cortex activity - to regulate the processing involved in the execution of novel or complex goal-directed tasks. Previous studies or models of human cognition have assumed that executive control necessarily requires conscious processing of information. This perspective is in line with common sense and personal introspection, which suggest that our choices are intentional and based on conscious stimuli. Nevertheless, in the last few years several behavioural and cognitive neuroscience studies have put under scrutiny this assumption. Cumulating evidence is now showing that prefrontal executive control can involve or be triggered by unconscious processing of information, with consequent effects on observed behaviours. One of the main methods adopted to study such unconscious mechanisms is masked priming, consisting in presenting visually masked stimuli, which nonetheless are shown to affect goal-directed behaviour or influence constructs linked to executive control and prefrontal cortex activity (e.g., task-set representation, response inhibition, conflict monitoring, error detection, reward processing, emotion regulation and task switching). This area of research is relatively young, and - while scientific evidence is emerging - no general consensus has been reached yet on how to interpret these early findings: some researchers accept that executive control can involve unconscious processing, others momentarily put aside - in first approximation - this issue, others criticize this possibility on theoretical grounds (e.g., pointing to the need of better definitions of terms such as control, conflict and consciousness) or based on experimental findings. At this stage, it appears necessary that researchers in the field make a collective effort to deepen the understanding of the unconscious mechanisms involved in executive control. This Research Topic will focus on neuroscience, but it will welcome contributions on purely behavioural and psychophysiological studies, patient reports, computational investigations, as well as philosophical and historical analyses of the relationship between executive control and consciousness. In particular, we encourage experts in this field to submit contributions in the form of: a) reviews, opinions and discussions on existing literature concerning unconscious processing of information in executive control; b) original research articles (both behavioural-only and neuroimaging studies) on unconscious processing of information in executive control; c) discussions and opinions on new methodologies to investigate this issue (e.g., other than masked priming, which has been the technique of choice in most of the existing studies).

The Development of Working Memory

Author : Anik de Ribaupierre
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780863779275
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (792 download)

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Book Synopsis The Development of Working Memory by : Anik de Ribaupierre

Download or read book The Development of Working Memory written by Anik de Ribaupierre and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of the International Journal of Behavioral Development brings together research on the development of working memory that arises within two quite different approaches.

Neurobiology of Mental Illness

Author : Dennis S. Charney
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199934959
Total Pages : 1259 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurobiology of Mental Illness by : Dennis S. Charney

Download or read book Neurobiology of Mental Illness written by Dennis S. Charney and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 1259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the neurobiological basis of psychiatric disease has accelerated in the past five years. The fourth edition of Neurobiology of Mental Illness has been completely revamped given these advances and discoveries on the neurobiologic foundations of psychiatry. Like its predecessors the book begins with an overview of the basic science. The emerging technologies in Section 2 have been extensively redone to match the progress in the field including new chapters on the applications of stem cells, optogenetics, and image guided stimulation to our understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Sections' 3 through 8 pertain to the major psychiatric syndromes-the psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, dementias, and disorders of childhood-onset. Each of these sections includes our knowledge of their etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. The final section discusses special topic areas including the neurobiology of sleep, resilience, social attachment, aggression, personality disorders and eating disorders. In all, there are 32 new chapters in this volume including unique insights on DSM-5, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) from NIMH, and a perspective on the continuing challenges of diagnosis given what we know of the brain and the mechanisms pertaining to mental illness. This book provides information from numerous levels of analysis including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. In doing so it translates information from the basic laboratory to the clinical laboratory and finally to clinical treatment. No other book distills the basic science and underpinnings of mental disorders and explains the clinical significance to the scope and breadth of this classic text. The result is an excellent and cutting-edge resource for psychiatric residents, psychiatric researchers and doctoral students in neurochemistry and the neurosciences.

The Cambridge Handbook of Working Memory and Language

Author : John W. Schwieter
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108960502
Total Pages : 1211 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Working Memory and Language by : John W. Schwieter

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Working Memory and Language written by John W. Schwieter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-21 with total page 1211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together cutting-edge research, this Handbook is the first comprehensive text to examine the pivotal role of working memory in first and second language acquisition, processing, impairments, and training. Authored by a stellar cast of distinguished scholars from around the world, the Handbook provides authoritative insights on work from diverse, multi-disciplinary perspectives, and introduces key models of working memory in relation to language. Following an introductory chapter by working memory pioneer Alan Baddeley, the collection is organized into thematic sections that discuss working memory in relation to: Theoretical models and measures; Linguistic theories and frameworks; First language processing; Bilingual acquisition and processing; and Language disorders, interventions, and instruction. The Handbook is sure to interest and benefit researchers, clinicians, speech therapists, and advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in linguistics, psychology, education, speech therapy, cognitive science, and neuroscience, or anyone seeking to learn more about language, cognition and the human mind.

Motivation and Cognitive Control

Author : Todd S. Braver
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317326350
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Motivation and Cognitive Control by : Todd S. Braver

Download or read book Motivation and Cognitive Control written by Todd S. Braver and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals do not always perform to their full capability on cognitive tasks. When this occurs, the usual explanation is that the individual was not properly motivated. But this begs the important question: How and why does motivation interact with and influence cognitive processing and the control processes that regulate it? What are the underlying mechanisms that govern such interactions? Motivation has been an important component of psychology and neuroscience throughout the history of the field, but has recently been rejuvenated by rapidly accelerating research interest in the nature of motivation-cognition interactions, particularly as they impact control processes and goal-directed behavior. This volume provides an up-to-date snapshot of the state of research in this exciting, expanding area. The contributors to the volume are internationally-renowned researchers that lead the field in conducting groundbreaking studies. Moreover, they represent a variety of research perspectives and traditions: cognitive psychology and neuroscience, animal learning, social, affective, and personality psychology, and development, lifespan, and aging studies. This book summarizes our current state of understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognitive control, and serves as an essential reference for both students and researchers.

The Oxford Handbook of Attention

Author : Kia Nobre
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019882467X
Total Pages : 1260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Attention by : Kia Nobre

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Attention written by Kia Nobre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention at the network as well as the cellular level. The Oxford Handbook of Attention brings together the different research areas that constitute contemporary attention research into one comprehensive and authoritative volume. In 40 chapters, it covers the most important aspects of attention research from the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, human and animal neuroscience, computational modelling, and philosophy. The book is divided into 4 main sections. Following an introduction from Michael Posner, the books starts by looking at theoretical models of attention. The next two sections are dedicated to spatial attention and non-spatial attention respectively. Within section 4, the authors consider the interactions between attention and other psychological domains. The last two sections focus on attention-related disorders, and finally, on computational models of attention. Aimed at both scholars and students, the Oxford Handbook of Attention provides a concise and state-of-the-art review of the current literature in this field.