Unconscious Information Processing In Executive Control

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Unconscious information processing in executive control

Author : Nicola De Pisapia
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889191060
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Unconscious information processing in executive control by : Nicola De Pisapia

Download or read book Unconscious information processing in executive control written by Nicola De Pisapia and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to review and further explore the topic of unconscious processing in executive control. Executive control refers to the ability of the human brain – mostly associated with prefrontal cortex activity - to regulate the processing involved in the execution of novel or complex goal-directed tasks. Previous studies or models of human cognition have assumed that executive control necessarily requires conscious processing of information. This perspective is in line with common sense and personal introspection, which suggest that our choices are intentional and based on conscious stimuli. Nevertheless, in the last few years several behavioural and cognitive neuroscience studies have put under scrutiny this assumption. Cumulating evidence is now showing that prefrontal executive control can involve or be triggered by unconscious processing of information, with consequent effects on observed behaviours. One of the main methods adopted to study such unconscious mechanisms is masked priming, consisting in presenting visually masked stimuli, which nonetheless are shown to affect goal-directed behaviour or influence constructs linked to executive control and prefrontal cortex activity (e.g., task-set representation, response inhibition, conflict monitoring, error detection, reward processing, emotion regulation and task switching). This area of research is relatively young, and - while scientific evidence is emerging - no general consensus has been reached yet on how to interpret these early findings: some researchers accept that executive control can involve unconscious processing, others momentarily put aside - in first approximation - this issue, others criticize this possibility on theoretical grounds (e.g., pointing to the need of better definitions of terms such as control, conflict and consciousness) or based on experimental findings. At this stage, it appears necessary that researchers in the field make a collective effort to deepen the understanding of the unconscious mechanisms involved in executive control. This Research Topic will focus on neuroscience, but it will welcome contributions on purely behavioural and psychophysiological studies, patient reports, computational investigations, as well as philosophical and historical analyses of the relationship between executive control and consciousness. In particular, we encourage experts in this field to submit contributions in the form of: a) reviews, opinions and discussions on existing literature concerning unconscious processing of information in executive control; b) original research articles (both behavioural-only and neuroimaging studies) on unconscious processing of information in executive control; c) discussions and opinions on new methodologies to investigate this issue (e.g., other than masked priming, which has been the technique of choice in most of the existing studies).

Eye Movements and Visual Cognition

Author : Raymond M. Klein
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039365479
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis Eye Movements and Visual Cognition by : Raymond M. Klein

Download or read book Eye Movements and Visual Cognition written by Raymond M. Klein and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a volume based on the “Eye Movements and Visual Cognition” Special Issue published in the journal Vision by MDPI and edited by Raymond Klein and Simon Liversedge. The eBook comprises 19 high-quality chapters that are original and topical works by leading academic figures in the field of human vision and visual cognition. In putting together the book, we aimed to provide an informative body of work to stimulate and foster useful intellectual exchange between individuals working on basic theoretical issues as well as on more applied aspects of vision and cognitive science. From the outset, we sought papers that provide concise and astute reviews of topics within this broad field. The present volume includes reviews that are narrative (critiquing and summarizing research on a topic), tutorial (with a focus on methods and findings), empirical (e.g., meta-analytic), and theoretically synthetic. The eBook also features chapters with new empirical content that resolves an undecided issue stemming from an evaluation of the literature. Finally, where possible, we also selected papers that bridge theoretical and applied issues and provide insight into behavior and its neural substrate. All chapters were subject to peer review and went through several rounds of revision prior to acceptance.

Attentional Capture

Author : Bradley S. Gibson
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781138877788
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (777 download)

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Book Synopsis Attentional Capture by : Bradley S. Gibson

Download or read book Attentional Capture written by Bradley S. Gibson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion that certain mental or physical events can capture attention has been one of the most enduring topics in the study of attention owing to the importance of understanding how goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact in perception and cognition. Despite the clear theoretical and applied importance of attentional capture, a broad survey of this field suggests that the term "capture" means different things to different people. In some cases, it refers to covert shifts of spatial attention, in others involuntary saccades, and in still others general disruption of processing by irrelevant stimuli. The properties that elicit "capture" can also range from abruptly onset or moving lights, to discontinuities in textures, to unexpected tones, to emotionally valenced words or pictures, to directional signs and symbols. Attentional capture has been explored in both the spatial and temporal domains as well as the visual and auditory modalities. There are also a number of different theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying "capture" (both functional and neurophysiological) and the level of cognitive control over capture. This special issue provides a sampling of the diversity of approaches, domains, and theoretical perspectives that currently exist in the study of attentional capture. Together, these contributions should help evaluate the degree to which attentional capture represents a unitary construct that reflects fundamental theoretical principles and mechanisms of the mind.

Ageing and Executive Control

Author : Ulrich Mayr
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781841699080
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Ageing and Executive Control by : Ulrich Mayr

Download or read book Ageing and Executive Control written by Ulrich Mayr and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together well-known researchers in cognitive psychology and cogntive neuroscience who approach the question of executive control using a wide range of methods.

Self, Culture and Consciousness

Author : Sangeetha Menon
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981105777X
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Self, Culture and Consciousness by : Sangeetha Menon

Download or read book Self, Culture and Consciousness written by Sangeetha Menon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the primary challenges for 21st century cognitive sciences and cultural neuroscience in responding to the nature of human identity, self, and evolution of life itself. Through chapters devoted to intricate but focused models, empirical findings, theories, and experiential data, the contributors reflect upon the most exciting possibilities, and debate upon the fundamental aspects of consciousness and self in the context of cultural, philosophical, and multidisciplinary divergences and convergences. Such an understanding and the ensuing insights lie in the cusp of philosophy, neurosciences, psychiatry, and medical humanities. In this volume, the editors and contributors explore the foundations of human thinking and being and discuss both evolutionary/cultural embeddedness, and the self-orientation, of consciousness, keeping in mind questions that bring in the interdisciplinary complexity of issues such as the emergence of consciousness, relation between healing and agency, models of altered self, how cognition impacts the social self, experiential primacy as the hallmark of consciousness, and alternate epistemologies to understand these interdisciplinary puzzles.

Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will

Author : Nancey Murphy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642032052
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will by : Nancey Murphy

Download or read book Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will written by Nancey Murphy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is free will possible in the light of the physical and chemical underpinnings of brain activity and recent neurobiological experiments? How can the emergence of complexity in hierarchical systems such as the brain, based at the lower levels in physical interactions, lead to something like genuine free will? The nature of our understanding of free will in the light of present-day neuroscience is becoming increasingly important because of remarkable discoveries on the topic being made by neuroscientists at the present time, on the one hand, and its crucial importance for the way we view ourselves as human beings, on the other. A key tool in understanding how free will may arise in this context is the idea of downward causation in complex systems, happening coterminously with bottom up causation, to form an integral whole. Top-down causation is usually neglected, and is therefore emphasized in the other part of the book’s title. The concept is explored in depth, as are the ethical and legal implications of our understanding of free will. This book arises out of a workshop held in California in April of 2007, which was chaired by Dr. Christof Koch. It was unusual in terms of the breadth of people involved: they included physicists, neuroscientists, psychiatrists, philosophers, and theologians. This enabled the meeting, and hence the resulting book, to attain a rather broader perspective on the issue than is often attained at academic symposia. The book includes contributions by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, George F. R. Ellis , Christopher D. Frith, Mark Hallett, David Hodgson, Owen D. Jones, Alicia Juarrero, J. A. Scott Kelso, Christof Koch, Hans Küng, Hakwan C. Lau, Dean Mobbs, Nancey Murphy, William Newsome, Timothy O’Connor, Sean A.. Spence, and Evan Thompson.

The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control

Author : Tobias Egner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118920546
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control by : Tobias Egner

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control written by Tobias Egner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering basic theory, new research, and intersections with adjacent fields, this is the first comprehensive reference work on cognitive control – our ability to use internal goals to guide thought and behavior. Draws together expert perspectives from a range of disciplines, including cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and neurology Covers behavioral phenomena of cognitive control, neuroanatomical and computational models of frontal lobe function, and the interface between cognitive control and other mental processes Explores the ways in which cognitive control research can inform and enhance our understanding of brain development and neurological and psychiatric conditions

Attention and Performance XV

Author : Carlo Umiltà
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262210126
Total Pages : 978 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Attention and Performance XV by : Carlo Umiltà

Download or read book Attention and Performance XV written by Carlo Umiltà and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, evidence of dissociation between conscious and nonconscious information processing has emerged from the study of normal subjects and brain damaged patients. The thirty-five original contributions in this book cover the latest work on this important topic. During the past decade, evidence of dissociation between conscious and nonconscious information processing has emerged from the study of normal subjects and brain damaged patients. The thirty-five original contributions in this book cover the latest work on this important topic across such traditional areas of research as vision, face recognition, spatial attention, control processes, semantic memory, episodic memory, and learning. Each section is introduced by an overview chapter that presents and evaluates the available empirical evidence in a given area and is followed by several experimental papers. The book opens with the Association Lecture, by George Mandler, "On Remembering without Really Trying: Hypermnesia, Incubation, and Mind Popping."

Psycholinguistic Approaches to Instructed Second Language Acquisition

Author : Daniel R. Walter
Publisher : Channel View Publications
ISBN 13 : 1788928776
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Psycholinguistic Approaches to Instructed Second Language Acquisition by : Daniel R. Walter

Download or read book Psycholinguistic Approaches to Instructed Second Language Acquisition written by Daniel R. Walter and published by Channel View Publications. This book was released on 2023-04-03 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book applies a psycholinguistic perspective to instructed second language acquisition, seeking to bridge the gap between second language acquisition research and language teaching practices. It challenges the traditional divide between conscious and unconscious processes, or explicit and implicit learning, and re-envisions this as a continuum of the varying levels of consciousness which can be applied by learners to different language behaviors in the second language classroom. It applies this model to learner development and the classroom context, discussing pedagogical applications for instructors at all levels. This book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in second language acquisition, psycholinguistics and language pedagogy. The accessible discussion of research findings, pedagogical approaches and classroom tasks and activities make this book particularly relevant for language teachers, providing the tools needed to apply second language acquisition research in their classroom.

Constraints of Agency

Author : Craig W. Gruber
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319101307
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Constraints of Agency by : Craig W. Gruber

Download or read book Constraints of Agency written by Craig W. Gruber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the basic concept of agency and develops it further in psychology using it to better understand and explain psychological processes and behavior. More importantly, this book seeks to put an emphasis on the role of agency in four distinct settings: history of psychology, neuroscience, psychology of religion, and sociocultural theories of co-agency. In Volume 12 of the Annals of Theoretical Psychology the contributors explore a number of new ways to look at agency in psychology. This volume seeks to develop a systematic theory of axioms for agency. It describes implications for research and practice that are founded on an understanding of the person as an actor in the world. This book also has implications for research and practice across psychology's sub-fields uniting the discipline through an agentic view of the person

The Visual (un)conscious and Its (dis)contents

Author : Bruno G. Breitmeyer
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198712235
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Visual (un)conscious and Its (dis)contents by : Bruno G. Breitmeyer

Download or read book The Visual (un)conscious and Its (dis)contents written by Bruno G. Breitmeyer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual control of our actions can be unconscious as well as conscious. This book explores unconscious and conscious vision, investigated using psychophysical and brain-recording methods. It sheds new light on and advances experimental, philosophical, and scholarly research on visual consciousness.

Anxious

Author : Joseph LeDoux
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0143109049
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Anxious by : Joseph LeDoux

Download or read book Anxious written by Joseph LeDoux and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A rigorous, in-depth guide to the history, philosophy, and scientific exploration of this widespread emotional state . . . [LeDoux] offers a magisterial review of the role of mind and brain in the generation of unconscious defense responses and consciously expressed anxiety. . . . [His] charming personal asides give an impression of having a conversation with a world expert.” —Nature A comprehensive and accessible exploration of anxiety, from a leading neuroscientist and the author of Synaptic Self Collectively, anxiety disorders are our most prevalent psychiatric problem, affecting about forty million adults in the United States. In Anxious, Joseph LeDoux, whose NYU lab has been at the forefront of research efforts to understand and treat fear and anxiety, explains the range of these disorders, their origins, and discoveries that can restore sufferers to normalcy. LeDoux’s groundbreaking premise is that we’ve been thinking about fear and anxiety in the wrong way. These are not innate states waiting to be unleashed from the brain, but experiences that we assemble cognitively. Treatment of these problems must address both their conscious manifestations and underlying non-conscious processes. While knowledge about how the brain works will help us discover new drugs, LeDoux argues that the greatest breakthroughs may come from using brain research to help reshape psychotherapy. A major work on one of our most pressing mental health issues, Anxious explains the science behind fear and anxiety disorders. Praise for Anxious: “[Anxious] helps to explain and prevent the kinds of debilitating anxieties all of us face in this increasingly stressful world.” —Daniel J. Levitin, author of The Organized Mind and This Is Your Brain on Music “A careful tour through the current neuroscience of fear and anxiety . . . [Anxious] will reward the informed reader.” —The Wall Street Journal “An extraordinarily ambitious, provocative, challenging, and important book. Drawing on the latest research in neuroscience (including work in his own laboratory), LeDoux provides explanations of the origins, nature, and impact of fear and anxiety disorders.” —Psychology Today

Making a Scientific Case for Conscious Agency and Free Will

Author : William R. Klemm
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128052899
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Making a Scientific Case for Conscious Agency and Free Will by : William R. Klemm

Download or read book Making a Scientific Case for Conscious Agency and Free Will written by William R. Klemm and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making a Scientific Case for Conscious Agency and Free Will makes a series of arguments that certain human behaviors are impossible to explain in the absence of free will, and that free will emerges from materialistic processes of brain function. It outlines future directions for neuroscience studies that can harness emerging technologies and tools for systems-level analysis. All humans have the sensation that they consciously will certain things to happen and that, in the absence of external constraints, they are free to choose from among alternatives. This notion of free will is deemed obvious by the average person based on common experience. Free will is frequently defended with arguments stemming from social, legal, philosophical, and religious perspectives. But these arguments appeal to consequences—not causes—of choices and decisions. In the past 3 decades, debate has raged within the scientific community over whether free will is in fact an illusion. Because free will would require conscious agency, the supporting corollary is that consciousness itself cannot do anything and is merely an observer rather than an actor. Considers arguments for and against free will from religious, social, legal, and neuroscience perspectives Provides thorough coverage of the manifold human behaviors that can be explained only by free will, from consciousness to creativity Outlines future directions for further neuroscience research into the topic

Consciousness and Moral Responsibility

Author : Neil Levy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198704631
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Consciousness and Moral Responsibility by : Neil Levy

Download or read book Consciousness and Moral Responsibility written by Neil Levy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neil Levy presents a new theory of freedom and responsibility. He defends a particular account of consciousness—the global workspace view—and argues that consciousness plays an especially important role in action. There are good reasons to think that the naïve assumption, that consciousness is needed for moral responsibility, is in fact true.

The Conscious Brain

Author : Jesse J. Prinz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019971813X
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Conscious Brain by : Jesse J. Prinz

Download or read book The Conscious Brain written by Jesse J. Prinz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of consciousness continues to be a subject of great debate in cognitive science. Synthesizing decades of research, The Conscious Brain advances a new theory of the psychological and neurophysiological correlates of conscious experience. Prinz's account of consciousness makes two main claims: first consciousness always arises at a particular stage of perceptual processing, the intermediate level, and, second, consciousness depends on attention. Attention changes the flow of information allowing perceptual information to access memory systems. Neurobiologically, this change in flow depends on synchronized neural firing. Neural synchrony is also implicated in the unity of consciousness and in the temporal duration of experience. Prinz also explores the limits of consciousness. We have no direct experience of our thoughts, no experience of motor commands, and no experience of a conscious self. All consciousness is perceptual, and it functions to make perceptual information available to systems that allows for flexible behavior. Prinz concludes by discussing prevailing philosophical puzzles. He provides a neuroscientifically grounded response to the leading argument for dualism, and argues that materialists need not choose between functional and neurobiological approaches, but can instead combine these into neurofunctional response to the mind-body problem. The Conscious Brain brings neuroscientific evidence to bear on enduring philosophical questions, while also surveying, challenging, and extending philosophical and scientific theories of consciousness. All readers interested in the nature of consciousness will find Prinz's work of great interest.

Social Psychology and the Unconscious

Author : John A. Bargh
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134954174
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Psychology and the Unconscious by : John A. Bargh

Download or read book Social Psychology and the Unconscious written by John A. Bargh and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence is mounting that we are not as in control of our judgments and behavior as we think we are. Unconscious or ‘automatic’ forms of psychological and behavioral processes are those of which we tend to be unaware, that occur without our intention or consent, yet influence us on a daily basis in profound ways. Automatic processes influence our likes and dislikes for almost everything, as well as how we perceive other people, such as when we make stereotypic assumptions about someone based on their race or gender or social class. Even more strikingly, the latest research is showing that the aspects of life that are the richest experience and most important to us - such as emotions and our close relationships, as well as the pursuit of our important life tasks and goals - also have substantial unconscious components. Social Psychology and the Unconscious: The Automaticity of Higher Mental Processes offers a state-of-the-art review of the evidence and theory supporting the existence and the significance of automatic processes in our daily lives, with chapters by the leading researchers in this field today, across a spectrum of psychological phenomena from emotions and motivations to social judgment and behavior. The volume provides an introduction and overview of these now central topics to graduate students and researchers in social psychology and a range of allied disciplines with an interest in human behavior and the unconscious, such as cognitive psychology, philosophy of mind, political science, and business.

Philosophy of Mind: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives – Third Edition

Author : Peter A. Morton
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 1770488014
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Mind: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives – Third Edition by : Peter A. Morton

Download or read book Philosophy of Mind: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives – Third Edition written by Peter A. Morton and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces students to the principal issues in the philosophy of mind by tracing the history of the subject from Plato and Aristotle through to the present day. Over forty primary-source readings are included. Extensive commentaries from the editors are provided to guide student readers through the arguments and jargon and to offer necessary historical context for the readings. The new third edition examines some of the most exciting recent developments in the field, including advances in theories about the mind’s relation to action and agency. Previous editions of this book, published under the title A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind, have been praised and widely taught for more than two decades.