History Of A Resistance

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Working Class History

Author : Working Class His Working Class History
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781629638874
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Working Class History by : Working Class His Working Class History

Download or read book Working Class History written by Working Class His Working Class History and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History is not made by kings, politicians, or a few rich individuals--it is made by all of us. From the temples of ancient Egypt to spacecraft orbiting Earth, workers and ordinary people everywhere have walked out, sat down, risen up, and fought back against exploitation, discrimination, colonization, and oppression. Working Class History presents a distinct selection of people's history through hundreds of "on this day in history" anniversaries that are as diverse and international as the working class itself. Women, young people, people of color, workers, migrants, indigenous people, LGBTQ people, disabled people, older people, the unemployed, home workers, and every other part of the working class have organized and taken action that has shaped our world, and improvements in living and working conditions have been won only by years of violent conflict and sacrifice. These everyday acts of resistance and rebellion highlight just some of those who have struggled for a better world and provide lessons and inspiration for those of us fighting in the present. Going day by day, this book paints a picture of how and why the world came to be as it is, how some have tried to change it, and the lengths to which the rich and powerful have gone to maintain and increase their wealth and influence.

Roots of Resistance

Author : Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806138336
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (383 download)

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Book Synopsis Roots of Resistance by : Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

Download or read book Roots of Resistance written by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In New Mexico—once a Spanish colony, then part of Mexico—Pueblo Indians and descendants of Spanish- and Mexican-era settlers still think of themselves as distinct peoples, each with a dynamic history. At the core of these persistent cultural identities is each group's historical relationship to the others and to the land, a connection that changed dramatically when the United States wrested control of the region from Mexico in 1848.

Celebrate People's History!

Author : Josh MacPhee
Publisher : The Feminist Press at CUNY
ISBN 13 : 1558616780
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (586 download)

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Book Synopsis Celebrate People's History! by : Josh MacPhee

Download or read book Celebrate People's History! written by Josh MacPhee and published by The Feminist Press at CUNY. This book was released on 2010-11-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best way to learn history is to visualize it! Since 1998, Josh MacPhee has commissioned and produced over one hundred posters by over eighty artists that pay tribute to revolution, racial justice, women's rights, queer liberation, labor struggles, and creative activism and organizing. Celebrate People's History! presents these essential moments—acts of resistance and great events in an often hidden history of human and civil rights struggles—as a visual tour through decades and across continents, from the perspective of some of the most interesting and socially engaged artists working today. Celebrate People's History includes artwork by Cristy Road, Swoon, Nicole Schulman, Christopher Cardinale, Sabrina Jones, Eric Drooker, Klutch, Carrie Moyer, Laura Whitehorn, Dan Berger, Ricardo Levins Morales, Chris Stain, and more.

Disturbing History

Author : Robert Nicole
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824860985
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Disturbing History by : Robert Nicole

Download or read book Disturbing History written by Robert Nicole and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disturbing History focuses on Fiji’s people and their agency in responding to and engaging the multifarious forms of authority and power that were manifest in the colony from 1874 to 1914. By concentrating on the lives of ordinary Fijians, the book presents alternate ways of reconstructing the island’s past. Couched in the traditions of social, subaltern, and people’s histories, the study is an excavation of a large mass of material that tells the often moving stories of lives that have largely been overlooked by historians. These challenge conventional historical accounts that tend to celebrate the nation, represent Fiji’s colonial experience as ordered and peaceful, or British tutelage as benevolent. In its contribution to postcolonial theory, Disturbing History reveals resistance as a constant but partial and untidy mix of other constituents such as collaboration, consent, appropriation, and opportunism, which together form the colonial landscape. In turn, colonialism in Fiji is shown as a force shaped in struggle, fractured and often fragile, with a presence and application in the daily lives of people that was often chaotic, imperfect, and susceptible to subversion. The book divides the period of study into two broad categories: organized resistance and everyday forms of resistance. The first examines the Colo War (1876), the Tuka Movement (1878–1891), the Seaqaqa War (1894), the Movement for Federation with New Zealand (1901–1903), the Viti Kabani Movement (1913–1917), and the various organized labor protests. The second half of the book addresses resistance manifested in the villages and plantations, including tax and land boycotts, violence and retributive justice, avoidance protest, petitioning, and women’s resistance. In their entirety these forms reveal a complex web of relationships between powerful and subordinate groups and among subordinate groups themselves. The author concludes that resistance cannot be framed as a totality but as a multilayered and multidimensional reality. In the wake of Fiji’s present volatile climate, this book will aid readers in understanding the continuities and disjunctures in Fiji’s interethnic and intraethnic relations.

Waves of Resistance

Author : Isaiah Helekunihi Walker
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824860918
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Waves of Resistance by : Isaiah Helekunihi Walker

Download or read book Waves of Resistance written by Isaiah Helekunihi Walker and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfing has been a significant sport and cultural practice in Hawai‘i for more than 1,500 years. In the last century, facing increased marginalization on land, many Native Hawaiians have found refuge, autonomy, and identity in the waves. In Waves of Resistance Isaiah Walker argues that throughout the twentieth century Hawaiian surfers have successfully resisted colonial encroachment in the po‘ina nalu (surf zone). The struggle against foreign domination of the waves goes back to the early 1900s, shortly after the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom, when proponents of this political seizure helped establish the Outrigger Canoe Club—a haoles (whites)-only surfing organization in Waikiki. A group of Hawaiian surfers, led by Duke Kahanamoku, united under Hui Nalu to compete openly against their Outrigger rivals and established their authority in the surf. Drawing from Hawaiian language newspapers and oral history interviews, Walker’s history of the struggle for the po‘ina nalu revises previous surf history accounts and unveils the relationship between surfing and colonialism in Hawai‘i. This work begins with a brief look at surfing in ancient Hawai‘i before moving on to chapters detailing Hui Nalu and other Waikiki surfers of the early twentieth century (including Prince Jonah Kuhio), the 1960s radical antidevelopment group Save Our Surf, professional Hawaiian surfers like Eddie Aikau, whose success helped inspire a newfound pride in Hawaiian cultural identity, and finally the North Shore’s Hui O He‘e Nalu, formed in 1976 in response to the burgeoning professional surfing industry that threatened to exclude local surfers from their own beaches. Walker also examines how Hawaiian surfers have been empowered by their defiance of haole ideas of how Hawaiian males should behave. For example, Hui Nalu surfers successfully combated annexationists, married white women, ran lucrative businesses, and dictated what non-Hawaiians could and could not do in their surf—even as the popular, tourist-driven media portrayed Hawaiian men as harmless and effeminate. Decades later, the media were labeling Hawaiian surfers as violent extremists who terrorized haole surfers on the North Shore. Yet Hawaiians contested, rewrote, or creatively negotiated with these stereotypes in the waves. The po‘ina nalu became a place where resistance proved historically meaningful and where colonial hierarchies and categories could be transposed. 25 illus.

Student Resistance

Author : Mark Edelman Boren
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415926249
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Student Resistance by : Mark Edelman Boren

Download or read book Student Resistance written by Mark Edelman Boren and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, students have been a riotous bunch. Long before wild spring breaks, medieval students waged battles with bows and arrows at the earliest universities, while Russian students made assassination attempts against the tsars. The legacy of campus unrest continues at the cusp of the 21st century with a new wave of student rebellion at home and abroad. Student Resistance is an international history of student activism. Chronicling 500 years of strife between activists and the academy, Mark Edelman Boren unearths the defiant roots of the ivory tower. Whether through nonviolent protest or bloody insurrection, students have catalyzed educational reform, transformed national politics, and, in more than a few instances, spurred coup d'e; tats. These acts of rebellion are inherent features in the advancement of knowledge, Boren argues, and there is much to learn from students fighting for reform. Drawing on major incidents of student activism, including Civil Rights protests in the US, the 1968 student riots in Paris, and Tiananmen Square, Boren shows that student resistance is a continually occurring and vital social phenomenon, world-wide. For those concerned with the increasingly public and complex role that universities play in society, Student Resistance is essential reading.

The 500 Years of Indigenous Resistance Comic Book: Revised and Expanded

Author : Gord Hill
Publisher : arsenal pulp press
ISBN 13 : 1551528533
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis The 500 Years of Indigenous Resistance Comic Book: Revised and Expanded by : Gord Hill

Download or read book The 500 Years of Indigenous Resistance Comic Book: Revised and Expanded written by Gord Hill and published by arsenal pulp press. This book was released on 2021-10-11 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication meets the EPUB Accessibility requirements and it also meets the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG-AA). It is screen-reader friendly and is accessible to persons with disabilities. A book with many images, which is defined with accessible structural markup. This book contains various accessibility features such as alternative text for images, table of contents, page-list, landmark, reading order and semantic structure.

Still Counting the Dead

Author : Frances Harrison
Publisher : House of Anansi
ISBN 13 : 1770893059
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Still Counting the Dead by : Frances Harrison

Download or read book Still Counting the Dead written by Frances Harrison and published by House of Anansi. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An extraordinary book. This dignified, just and unbearable account of the dark heart of Sri Lanka needs to be read by everyone." — Roma Tearne, author of Mosquito The tropical island of Sri Lanka is a paradise for tourists, but in 2009 it became a hell for its Tamil minority, as decades of civil war between the Tamil Tiger guerrillas and the government reached its bloody climax. Caught in the crossfire were hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren, doctors, farmers, fishermen, nuns, and other civilians. And the government ensured through a strict media blackout that the world was unaware of their suffering. Now, a UN enquiry has called for war crimes investigation, and Frances Harrison, a BBC correspondent for Sri Lanka during the conflict, recounts those crimes for the first time in sobering, shattering detail.

Fighters in the Shadows

Author : Robert Gildea
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067491502X
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Fighters in the Shadows by : Robert Gildea

Download or read book Fighters in the Shadows written by Robert Gildea and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The French Resistance has an iconic status in the struggle to liberate Nazi-occupied Europe, but its story is entangled in myths. Gaining a true understanding of the Resistance means recognizing how its image has been carefully curated through a combination of French politics and pride, ever since jubilant crowds celebrated Paris’s liberation in August 1944. Robert Gildea’s penetrating history of resistance in France during World War II sweeps aside “the French Resistance” of a thousand clichés, showing that much more was at stake than freeing a single nation from Nazi tyranny. As Fighters in the Shadows makes clear, French resistance was part of a Europe-wide struggle against fascism, carried out by an extraordinarily diverse group: not only French men and women but Spanish Republicans, Italian anti-fascists, French and foreign Jews, British and American agents, and even German opponents of Hitler. In France, resistance skirted the edge of civil war between right and left, pitting non-communists who wanted to drive out the Germans and eliminate the Vichy regime while avoiding social revolution at all costs against communist advocates of national insurrection. In French colonial Africa and the Near East, battle was joined between de Gaulle’s Free French and forces loyal to Vichy before they combined to liberate France. Based on a riveting reading of diaries, memoirs, letters, and interviews of contemporaries, Fighters in the Shadows gives authentic voice to the resisters themselves, revealing the diversity of their struggles for freedom in the darkest hours of occupation and collaboration.

Slavery and Resistance

Author : Anne Devereaux Jordan
Publisher : Marshall Cavendish
ISBN 13 : 9780761421788
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis Slavery and Resistance by : Anne Devereaux Jordan

Download or read book Slavery and Resistance written by Anne Devereaux Jordan and published by Marshall Cavendish. This book was released on 2007 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Describes slavery in the United States from colonial times up to the Civil War"--Provided by publisher.

Women, Resistance and Revolution

Author : Sheila Rowbotham
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1781681465
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (816 download)

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Book Synopsis Women, Resistance and Revolution by : Sheila Rowbotham

Download or read book Women, Resistance and Revolution written by Sheila Rowbotham and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic book provides a historical overview of feminist strands among the modern revolutionary movements of Russia, China and the Third World. Sheila Rowbotham shows how women rose against the dual challenges of an unjust state system and social-sexual prejudice. Women, Resistance and Revolution is an invaluable historical study, as well as a trove of anecdote and example fit to inspire today’s generation of feminist thinkers and activists.

The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book

Author : Gord Hill
Publisher : arsenal pulp press
ISBN 13 : 1551523795
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book by : Gord Hill

Download or read book The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book written by Gord Hill and published by arsenal pulp press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful and historically accurate graphic portrayal of Indigenous peoples' resistance to the European colonization of the Americas, beginning with the Spanish invasion under Christopher Columbus and ending with the Six Nations land reclamation in Ontario in 2006. Gord Hill spent two years unearthing images and researching historical information to create The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book, which presents the story of Aboriginal resistance in a far-reaching format. Other events depicted include the 1680 Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico; the Inca insurgency in Peru from the 1500s to the 1780s; Pontiac and the 1763 Rebellion and Royal Proclamation; Geronimo and the 1860s Seminole Wars; Crazy Horse and the 1877 War on the Plains; the rise of the American Indian Movement in the 1960s; 1973's Wounded Knee; the Mohawk Oka Crisis in Quebec in 1990; and the 1995 Aazhoodena/Stoney Point resistance. With strong, plain language and evocative illustrations, The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book documents the fighting spirit and ongoing resistance of Indigenous peoples through five hundred years of genocide, massacres, torture, rape, displacement, and assimilation: a necessary antidote to the conventional history of the Americas. Includes an introduction by activist Ward Churchill, leader of the American Indian Movement in Colorado and a prolific writer on Indigenous resistance issues. Gord Hill, a member of the Kwakwaka'wakw Nation in British Columbia, has been active in Indigenous resistance, anti-colonial, and anti-capitalist movements since 1990. He is also author of The 500 Years of Resistance, a pamphlet published by PM Press.

Resistance and Colonialism

Author : Nuno Domingos
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030191672
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Resistance and Colonialism by : Nuno Domingos

Download or read book Resistance and Colonialism written by Nuno Domingos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a critical re-examination of colonial and anti-colonial resistance imageries and practices in imperial history. It offers a fresh critique of both pejorative and celebratory readings of ‘insurgent peoples’, and it seeks to revitalize the study of ‘resistance’ as an analytical field in the comparative history of Western colonialisms. It explores how to read and (de)code these issues in archival documents – and how to conjugate documental approaches with oral history, indigenous memories, and international histories of empire. The topics explored include runaway slaves and slave rebellions, mutiny and banditry, memories and practices of guerrilla and liberation, diplomatic negotiations and cross-border confrontations, theft, collaboration, and even the subversive effects of nature in colonial projects of labor exploitation.

A History of the Greek Resistance in the Second World War

Author : Spiros Tsoutsoumpis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781526143495
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (434 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the Greek Resistance in the Second World War by : Spiros Tsoutsoumpis

Download or read book A History of the Greek Resistance in the Second World War written by Spiros Tsoutsoumpis and published by . This book was released on 2019-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the Greek resistance in the Second World War discusses one of the most troubled and fascinating aspects of modern Greek and European history: the anti-axis resistance. It is a pioneering history of the men and women who waged the struggle against the axis as members of the armed partisans of ELAS and EDES. Using a wide range of previously unused sources, the book reconstructs daily life in the guerrilla armies and explores the complex reasons that led the partisans to enlist and fight. It also discusses the relations between the guerrillas and the civilian population, and examines how the guerrillas' experience of combat, hardship and loss shaped their understanding of their task and social attitudes. The book makes fascinating reading both for academics and for lay readers who are interested in modern Greek history, military history and the history of the Second World War.

The Resistance in Western Europe, 1940–1945

Author : Olivier Wieviorka
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231548648
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Resistance in Western Europe, 1940–1945 by : Olivier Wieviorka

Download or read book The Resistance in Western Europe, 1940–1945 written by Olivier Wieviorka and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In just three months in 1940, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France fell to the Nazis. The German occupation of Western Europe had begun—but a brave few rose up in defiance. National resistance has long been celebrated in remembrances of World War II, depicted as making significant contributions to the defeat of Nazi Germany. However, the so-called army of shadows drew heavily on the support of London and Washington, a fact often forgotten in postwar Europe. The Resistance in Western Europe, 1940–1945 is a sweeping analytical history of the underground anti-Nazi forces during World War II. Examining clandestine organizations in Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Italy, Olivier Wieviorka sheds new light on the factors that shaped the resistance and its place in the grand scheme of Anglo-American military strategy. While national actors played a leading role in fomenting resistance, British and American intelligence services and propaganda as well as financial, material, and logistical support were crucial to its activities and growth. Wieviorka illuminates the policies of governments in exile and resistance actors regarding cooperation with the British and Americans, pointing to the persistence of national self-interest and long-standing historical tensions. Drawing on a wide range of archival sources and bringing together the political, diplomatic, and military dimensions of the conflict, this book is the first account of the resistance on a continental scale and from a trans-European perspective.

We the Resistance

Author : Michael G. Long
Publisher : City Lights Books
ISBN 13 : 0872868516
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis We the Resistance by : Michael G. Long

Download or read book We the Resistance written by Michael G. Long and published by City Lights Books. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A highly relevant, inclusive collection of voices from the roots of resistance. . . . Empowering words to challenge, confront, and defy."--Kirkus Reviews "This book fights fascism. This books offers hope. We The Resistance is essential reading for those who wish to understand how popular movements built around nonviolence have changed the world and why they retain the power to do so again."—Jonathan Eig, author of Ali: A Life "This comprehensive documentary history of non-violent resisters and resistance movements is an inspiring antidote to any movement fatigue or pessimism about the value of protest. It tells us we can learn from the past as we confront the present and hope to shape the future. Read, enjoy and take courage knowing you are never alone in trying to create a more just world. Persevere and persist and win, but know that even losing is worth the fight and teaches lessons for later struggles."—Mary Frances Berry, author of History Teaches Us to Resist: How Progressive Movements Have Succeeded in Challenging Times "We the Resistance illustrates the deeply rooted, dynamic, and multicultural history of nonviolent resistance and progressive activism in North America and the United States. With a truly comprehensive collection of primary sources, it becomes clear that dissent has always been a central feature of American political culture and that periods of quiescence and consensus are aberrant rather than the norm. Indeed, the depth and breadth of resistant and discordant voices in this collection is simply outstanding."—Leilah Danielson, author of American Gandhi: A.J. Muste and the History of American Radicalism in the Twentieth Century While historical accounts of the United States typically focus on the nation's military past, a rich and vibrant counterpoint remains basically unknown to most Americans. This alternate story of the formation of our nation—and its character—is one in which courageous individuals and movements have wielded the weapons of nonviolence to resist policies and practices they considered to be unjust, unfair, and immoral. We the Resistance gives curious citizens and current resisters unfiltered access to the hearts and minds—the rational and passionate voices—of their activist predecessors. Beginning with the pre-Revolutionary era and continuing through the present day, readers will directly encounter the voices of protesters sharing instructive stories about their methods (from sit-ins to tree-sitting) and opponents (from Puritans to Wall Street bankers), as well as inspirational stories about their failures (from slave petitions to the fight for the ERA) and successes (from enfranchisement for women to today's reform of police practices). Instruction and inspiration run throughout this captivating reader, generously illustrated with historic graphics and photographs of nonviolent protests throughout U.S. history.

The French Resistance

Author : Olivier Wieviorka
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 067497039X
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The French Resistance by : Olivier Wieviorka

Download or read book The French Resistance written by Olivier Wieviorka and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Whatever happens, the flame of French resistance must not and will not go out.” As Charles de Gaulle ended his radio address to the French nation in June 1940, listeners must have felt a surge of patriotism tinged with uncertainty. Who would keep the flame burning through dark years of occupation? At what cost? Olivier Wieviorka presents a comprehensive history of the French Resistance, synthesizing its social, political, and military aspects to offer fresh insights into its operation. Detailing the Resistance from the inside out, he reveals not one organization but many interlocking groups often at odds over goals, methods, and leadership. He debunks lingering myths, including the idea that the Resistance sprang up in response to the exhortations of de Gaulle’s Free French government-in-exile. The Resistance was homegrown, arising from the soil of French civil society. Resisters had to improvise in the fight against the Nazis and the collaborationist Vichy regime. They had no blueprint to follow, but resisters from all walks of life and across the political spectrum formed networks, organizing activities from printing newspapers to rescuing downed airmen to sabotage. Although the Resistance was never strong enough to fight the Germans openly, it provided the Allies invaluable intelligence, sowed havoc behind enemy lines on D-Day, and played a key role in Paris’s liberation. Wieviorka shatters the conventional image of a united resistance with no interest in political power. But setting the record straight does not tarnish the legacy of its fighters, who braved Nazism without blinking.