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High Resolution Computational Analysis Of Chromatin Architecture And Function
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Book Synopsis High-resolution Computational Analysis of Chromatin Architecture and Function by : Christopher Cameron
Download or read book High-resolution Computational Analysis of Chromatin Architecture and Function written by Christopher Cameron and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since sequencing the human genome in the early 2000s, researchers have been determined to define the genetic pathways that regulate cellular activity or lead to disease. With the recent advent of Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) technologies, the ability to observe chromatin’s three-dimensional (3D) structure became a possibility. It quickly became apparent that the genome is not regulated in one-dimension, but in 3D where chromatin loops are formed between an enhancer(s) and promoter to regulate a gene’s transcription. While 3C technology is quite useful, most protocols are limited in their resolution and availability across cell types and genomes. This limited resolution is a common concern for many technologies that study the regulation of genomes, such as Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and typically results from low-coverage sequencing. The objective of this thesis is to develop computational and biochemical methodologies that provide accurate, high-resolution genomic data for deciphering the organization and regulation of genomes. The first contribution in this thesis is Hi-C Interaction Frequency Inference (HIFI), a collection of density estimation algorithms for High-throughput 3C (Hi-C) data. Hi-C is a particularly useful 3C technology that identifies chromatin contacts genome-wide. HIFI allows Hi-C data to be analyzed at the highest possible resolution (restriction fragments) while providing the most accurate estimation of chromatin contact frequency when compared to other techniques in the field. The higher resolution afforded by HIFI has lead to the discovery of a potential role for active promoters and enhancers at the boundaries of Topologically Associating Domains (TADs). Next, we developed machine learning approaches to predict chromatin interaction frequencies from the reference genome sequence alone. While some machine learning work has been done to predict Hi-C data, all these models rely on biochemical input to make their predictions, which makes them impossible to use in cases where this data is unavailable (e.g., computationally inferred ancestral genomes). By limiting model input to features derived from sequence only, their predictions enable us to identify sequence determinants of 3D genome organization. Finally, we present a targeted and affordable ChIP methodology, called ‘Carbon Copy-ChIP’ (2C-ChIP), that continues our foray into high-resolution chromatin assays. 2C-ChIP provides quantifiable measures of bound protein across the genome at a cost that makes it very attractive for studies involving multiple experimental conditions (e.g., drug design). We also describe a computational tool for processing 2C-ChIP products called the Ligation-mediated Amplified, Multiplexed Paired-end Sequence (LAMPS) analysis pipeline.Taken together, the work in this thesis provides new ways to study genome function and organization affordably and at high resolution"--
Book Synopsis Chromatin Architecture by : Kirti Prakash
Download or read book Chromatin Architecture written by Kirti Prakash and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-20 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds new light on the current state of knowledge concerning chromatin organization. Particular emphasis is given to the new imaging potential offered by super-resolution microscopy, which allows DNA imaging with a very high labeling density. From the early work on chromosomes by Walther Flemming in the nineteenth century to recent advances in genomics, the history of chromatin research now spans more than a century. The various milestones, such as the discovery of the double helix structure, the sequencing of the human genome, and the recent description of the genome in 3D space, show that understanding chromatin and chromosome function requires a clear understanding of its structure. Presenting cutting-edge data from super-resolution single molecule microscopy, the book demonstrates that chromatin manifests several levels of folding, from nucleosomes to chromosomes. Chromatin domains emerge as a new fundamental building block of chromatin architecture, with functions possibly related to gene regulation. A detailed description of chromatin folding in the pachytene stage of meiosis serves as a model for exploring this functionality, showing the apparent interplay between structure, function, and epigenetic regulation. Lastly, the book discusses possible new avenues of innovation to describe chromatin’s organization and functions. Gathering essential insights on chromatin architecture, the book offers students an introduction to microscopy and its application to chromatin organization, while also providing advanced readers with new ideas for future research.
Book Synopsis Hi-C Data Analysis by : Silvio Bicciato
Download or read book Hi-C Data Analysis written by Silvio Bicciato and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-09-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details a comprehensive set of methods and tools for Hi-C data processing, analysis, and interpretation. Chapters cover applications of Hi-C to address a variety of biological problems, with a specific focus on state-of-the-art computational procedures adopted for the data analysis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Hi-C Data Analysis: Methods and Protocols aims to help computational and molecular biologists working in the field of chromatin 3D architecture and transcription regulation.
Book Synopsis Computational Modeling and Analysis of Chromatin Structure by : Mathieu Rousseau
Download or read book Computational Modeling and Analysis of Chromatin Structure written by Mathieu Rousseau and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The organization of DNA in the nucleus of a cell has long been known to play an important role in processes such as DNA replication and repair, and the regulation of gene expression. Recent advances in microarray and high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled the creation of novel techniques for measuring certain aspects of the three-dimensional conformation of chromatin in vivo. The data generated by these methods contain both structural information and noise from the experimental procedures. Methods for modeling and analyzing these data to infer three-dimensional chromatin structure will constitute invaluable tools in the discovery of the mechanism by which chromatin structure is mediated. The overall objective of my thesis is to develop robust three-dimensional computational models of DNA and to analyze these data to gain biological insight into the role of chromatin structure on cellular processes. This thesis presents three main results, firstly, a novel computational modeling and analysis approach for the inference of three-dimensional structure from chromatin conformation capture carbon copy (5C) and Hi-C data. Our method named MCMC5C is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and can generate representative ensembles of three-dimensional models from noisy experimental data. Secondly, our investigation of the relationship between chromatin structure and gene expression during cellular differentiation shows that chromatin architecture is a dynamic structure which adopts an open conformation for actively transcribed genes and a condensed conformation for repressed genes. And thirdly, we developed a support vector machine classifier from 5C data and demonstrate a proof-of-concept that chromatin conformation signatures could be used to discriminate between human acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias." --
Book Synopsis Sex Determination in Plants by : CC Ainsworth
Download or read book Sex Determination in Plants written by CC Ainsworth and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indispensable for all plant biologists, this is a fascinating and thorough examination of those factors which affect the sex determination of plant species, describing all of the main classes of plant with unisexual flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious and
Book Synopsis HiC-Pro: an Optimized and Flexible Pipeline for Hi-C Data Processing by : Oldenburg Oldenburg Press
Download or read book HiC-Pro: an Optimized and Flexible Pipeline for Hi-C Data Processing written by Oldenburg Oldenburg Press and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HiC-Pro is an optimized and flexible pipeline for processing Hi-C data from raw reads to normalized contact maps. HiC-Pro maps reads, detects valid ligation products, performs quality controls and generates intra- and inter-chromosomal contact maps. It includes a fast implementation of the iterative correction method and is based on a memory-efficient data format for Hi-C contact maps. In addition, HiC-Pro can use phased genotype data to build allele-specific contact maps. We applied HiC-Pro to different Hi-C datasets, demonstrating its ability to easily process large data in a reasonable time. Source code and documentation are available at http://github.com/nservant/HiC-Pro.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309676738 Total Pages :201 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (96 download)
Book Synopsis Next Steps for Functional Genomics by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Next Steps for Functional Genomics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the holy grails in biology is the ability to predict functional characteristics from an organism's genetic sequence. Despite decades of research since the first sequencing of an organism in 1995, scientists still do not understand exactly how the information in genes is converted into an organism's phenotype, its physical characteristics. Functional genomics attempts to make use of the vast wealth of data from "-omics" screens and projects to describe gene and protein functions and interactions. A February 2020 workshop was held to determine research needs to advance the field of functional genomics over the next 10-20 years. Speakers and participants discussed goals, strategies, and technical needs to allow functional genomics to contribute to the advancement of basic knowledge and its applications that would benefit society. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Capturing Chromosome Conformation by : Beatrice Bodega
Download or read book Capturing Chromosome Conformation written by Beatrice Bodega and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book collects methods based on the evolution of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique and other complementary approaches to dissect chromatin conformation with an emphasis on dissection of nuclear compartmentalization and visualization in imaging. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Capturing Chromosome Conformation: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers working to further understand 3D genome organization.
Book Synopsis Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) - Application Guide by : Thomas Liehr
Download or read book Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) - Application Guide written by Thomas Liehr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-26 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique source of information on the present state of the exciting field of molecular cytogenetics and how it can be applied in research and diagnostics. The basic techniques of fluorescence in situ hybridization and primed in situ hybridization (PRINS) are outlined, the multiple approaches and probe sets that are now available for these techniques are described, and applications of them are presented in 36 chapters by authors from ten different countries around the world. The book not only provides the reader with basic and background knowledge on the topic, but also gives detailed protocols that show how molecular cytogenetics is currently performed by specialists in this field. The FISH Application Guide initially provides an overview of the (historical) development of molecular cytogenetics, its basic procedures, the equipment required, and probe generation. The book then describes tips and tricks for making different tissues available for molecular cytogenetic studies. These are followed by chapters on various multicolor FISH probe sets, their availability, and their pot- tial for use in combination with other approaches. The possible applications that are shown encompass the characterization of marker chromosomes, cryptic cytogenetic aberrations and epigenetic changes in humans by interphase and metaphase cyto- netics, studies of nuclear architecture, as well as the application of molecular cytogenetics to zoology, botany and microbiology.
Book Synopsis Computational Methods for the Analysis of Genomic Data and Biological Processes by : Francisco A. Gómez Vela
Download or read book Computational Methods for the Analysis of Genomic Data and Biological Processes written by Francisco A. Gómez Vela and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, new technologies have made remarkable progress in helping to understand biological systems. Rapid advances in genomic profiling techniques such as microarrays or high-performance sequencing have brought new opportunities and challenges in the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. Such genetic sequencing techniques allow large amounts of data to be produced, whose analysis and cross-integration could provide a complete view of organisms. As a result, it is necessary to develop new techniques and algorithms that carry out an analysis of these data with reliability and efficiency. This Special Issue collected the latest advances in the field of computational methods for the analysis of gene expression data, and, in particular, the modeling of biological processes. Here we present eleven works selected to be published in this Special Issue due to their interest, quality, and originality.
Book Synopsis A Handbook of Transcription Factors by : Timothy R. Hughes
Download or read book A Handbook of Transcription Factors written by Timothy R. Hughes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-10 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription factors are the molecules that the cell uses to interpret the genome: they possess sequence-specific DNA-binding activity, and either directly or indirectly influence the transcription of genes. In aggregate, transcription factors control gene expression and genome organization, and play a pivotal role in many aspects of physiology and evolution. This book provides a reference for major aspects of transcription factor function, encompassing a general catalogue of known transcription factor classes, origins and evolution of specific transcription factor types, methods for studying transcription factor binding sites in vitro, in vivo, and in silico, and mechanisms of interaction with chromatin and RNA polymerase.
Book Synopsis Genome Organization And Function In The Cell Nucleus by : Karsten Rippe
Download or read book Genome Organization And Function In The Cell Nucleus written by Karsten Rippe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-19 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By way of its clear and logical structure, as well as abundant highresolution illustrations, this is a systematic survey of the players and pathways that control genome function in the mammalian cell nucleus. As such, this handbook and reference ties together recently gained knowledge from a variety of scientific disciplines and approaches, dissecting all major genomic events: transcription, replication, repair, recombination and chromosome segregation. A special emphasis is put on transcriptional control, including genome-wide interactions and non-coding RNAs, chromatin structure, epigenetics and nuclear organization. With its focus on fundamental mechanisms and the associated biomolecules, this will remain essential reading for years to come.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Epigenetics by : Renato Paro
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Book Synopsis Special Topics in Information Technology by : Luigi Piroddi
Download or read book Special Topics in Information Technology written by Luigi Piroddi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents thirteen outstanding doctoral dissertations in Information Technology from the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Information Technology has always been highly interdisciplinary, as many aspects have to be considered in IT systems. The doctoral studies program in IT at Politecnico di Milano emphasizes this interdisciplinary nature, which is becoming more and more important in recent technological advances, in collaborative projects, and in the education of young researchers. Accordingly, the focus of advanced research is on pursuing a rigorous approach to specific research topics starting from a broad background in various areas of Information Technology, especially Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Control, and Telecommunications. Each year, more than 50 PhDs graduate from the program. This book gathers the outcomes of the thirteen best theses defended in 2020-21 and selected for the IT PhD Award. Each of the authors provides a chapter summarizing his/her findings, including an introduction, description of methods, main achievements and future work on the topic. Hence, the book provides a cutting-edge overview of the latest research trends in Information Technology at Politecnico di Milano, presented in an easy-to-read format that will also appeal to non-specialists.
Book Synopsis The Structure and Function of Chromatin by : David W. FitzSimons
Download or read book The Structure and Function of Chromatin written by David W. FitzSimons and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Book Synopsis The Role of High-Order Chromatin Organization in Gene Regulation by : Alexey V. Pindyurin
Download or read book The Role of High-Order Chromatin Organization in Gene Regulation written by Alexey V. Pindyurin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-11 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chromosome Architecture by : Mark C. Leake
Download or read book Chromosome Architecture written by Mark C. Leake and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details a valuable collection of protocols and reviews, such as emerging experimental and theoretical approaches. These approaches have resulted in a substantial improvement in the understanding of chromosome architecture. Chromosome Architecture: Methods and Protocols guides readers through cutting-edge interdisciplinary methods which allow for an understanding of architecture of chromosomes with exceptionally enhanced resolution, both in terms of space and time. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Chromosome Architecture: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
