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Globalisation And The Gender Earnings Gap
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Book Synopsis Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap by : Yevgeniya Savchenko
Download or read book Globalization and the Gender Earnings Gap written by Yevgeniya Savchenko and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disasters in Bangladesh and protests elsewhere have created an intense debate about the value, particularly to women, of apparel employment in developing countries. This paper focuses on how the forces of globalization, specifically the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA), have affected women's wages in the apparel sector in developing countries. The paper uses household and labor force surveys from Cambodia and Sri Lanka to estimate both apparel wage premiums relative to other industries and the male-female wage gap before and after the end of the MFA. The approach builds on new models that apply traditional trade theory (e.g., the Heckscher-Ohlin and Stolper-Samuelson theorems) to analyze the effect of globalization on gender-based earnings. The authors find large positive wage premiums and a closing of the male-female wage gap during the MFA period, but smaller premiums and a widening wage gap after the end of the MFA. The results suggest that the benefits of apparel exports for women in developing countries remain significant post-MFA. They also model an approach for studying the effects of globalization that differentiates males and females as separate factors. This may be a fruitful alternative to discrimination models or those that analyze the effects of globalization on women in terms of skill. Further research is necessary to identify the potential development effects of post-MFA apparel employment and to thoroughly compare the benefits documented in this paper with the costs that may come with apparel jobs.
Book Synopsis The Gender Pay Gap by : Fatma Abdel-Raouf
Download or read book The Gender Pay Gap written by Fatma Abdel-Raouf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Closing the gender pay gap begins with awareness and understanding of the state of the gap. This hybrid book that serves as a resource for both the academic and corporate communities, builds the reader’s awareness of the gender pay gap, its magnitude and ramifications, and provides action plans to address the challenge. Much of the existing literature on the gender pay gap provides an excellent foundation in stating facts and inferences; yet, the reader is often left wondering "now what?" This book tells the story of the state of the gap by the numbers and then offers specific actions that can be taken to achieve equity. The authors combine backgrounds in statistics and management/HR to provide a unique perspective in painting a broader overview of the issue, examining the history of the gender pay gap, its global impact, and how nations are addressing the issue. The book shines a light on the wide-ranging effects of the gap, including women’s poverty rates, student loans, economic growth, childhood poverty, and corporate profits, and offers insights to help close it with best practices of select organizations. Upper-level undergraduate, postgraduate, and executive education students will appreciate the clarity and conciseness of this guide to understanding and solving an important human resources issue. The inclusion of a brief instructor’s manual and PowerPoint slides for each chapter differentiates this book and adds to the ease of adoption in both the academic and corporate setting.
Book Synopsis Globalisation and the Gender Earnings Gap by : Raymond Robertson
Download or read book Globalisation and the Gender Earnings Gap written by Raymond Robertson and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using household and labor force surveys from Cambodia and Sri Lanka, we find large positive wage premiums and a closing of the male-female wage gap during the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) period, but smaller premiums and a widening wage gap after the end of the MFA. Our results suggest that apparel exports continued to benefit women in developing countries post-MFA but women - both in and out of the apparel industry - are susceptible to changes in global apparel prices.
Book Synopsis Globalisation and the Gender Wage Gap by : Remco H. Oostendorp
Download or read book Globalisation and the Gender Wage Gap written by Remco H. Oostendorp and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap by : Remco H. Oostendorp
Download or read book Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap written by Remco H. Oostendorp and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Globalization written by Esther Ann Bøler and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the impact of globalization on income inequality has received a lot of attention, little is known about its effect on the gender wage gap (GWG). This study argues that there is a systematic difference in the GWG between exporting firms and non-exporters. By the virtue of being exposed to higher competition, exporters require greater commitment and flexibility from their employees. If commitment is not easily observable and women are perceived as less committed workers than men, exporters will statistically discriminate against female employees and will exhibit a higher GWG than non-exporters. We test this hypothesis using matched employer-employee data from the Norwegian manufacturing sector from 1996 to 2010. Our identification strategy relies on an exogenous shock, namely, the legislative changes that increased the length of the parental leave that is available only to fathers. We argue that these changes have narrowed the perceived commitment gap between the genders and show that the initially higher GWG observed in exporting firms relative to non-exporters has gone down after the changes took place.
Book Synopsis Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap by : Remco Oostendorp
Download or read book Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap written by Remco Oostendorp and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are several theoretical reasons why globalization will have a narrowing as well as widening effect on the gender wage gap, but little is known about the actual impact, except for a number of country studies. Oostendorp provides a cross-country study of the impact of globalization on the occupational gender wage gap, based on the rarely used but most far-ranging survey of wages around the world, the International Labour Organization's October Inquiry. This annual survey was started in 1924 and contains a wealth of information on wages and the gender wage gap. For the period 1983-99, there is information on the gender wage gap in 161 narrowly defined occupations in more than 80 countries around the world. The author finds the following: The occupational gender wage gap appears to be narrowing with increases in GDP per capita; there is a significantly narrowing impact of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) net inflows on the occupational gender wage gap for low-skill occupations, both in poorer and richer countries, and for high-skill occupations in richer countries; there is no evidence of a narrowing impact of trade, but there is evidence of a widening impact of FDI net inflows on the high-skill occupational gender wage gap in poorer countries; wage-setting institutions have a strong impact on the occupational gender wage gap in richer countries.This paper is a product of the Gender Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.
Book Synopsis Analyzing Critical Junctures Between Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap in Europe by : Subhashini Dhivya Venkataraman
Download or read book Analyzing Critical Junctures Between Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap in Europe written by Subhashini Dhivya Venkataraman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These findings indicate that the effects of globalization on domestic gender pay gaps are constrained by domestic labor institutions, such as union strength, work force demographics, and female human capital endowments. In order to reduce the persistent gender wage gap, governments must address these domestic labor market challenges.
Book Synopsis Economic Dimensions of Gender Inequality by : Janet Rives
Download or read book Economic Dimensions of Gender Inequality written by Janet Rives and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1997-08-26 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 12 essays which discuss gender inequality in employment, and the impact of the stage of economic development, and of social and cultural factors on the manifestation of inequality.
Book Synopsis Gender Equality at Work Pay Transparency Tools to Close the Gender Wage Gap by : OECD
Download or read book Gender Equality at Work Pay Transparency Tools to Close the Gender Wage Gap written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite big societal changes, and many labour market, educational and public policy initiatives, women are still paid less than men. This report presents the first stocktaking of pay transparency tools across OECD countries and explores how such policies can help level the playing field for women and men at work.
Book Synopsis Globalization, Gender Inequality, and Firm Innovation by : Olga Lark
Download or read book Globalization, Gender Inequality, and Firm Innovation written by Olga Lark and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis comprises four self-contained papers that rely on applied micro-econometric methods to understand which factors are important in shaping the gender wage gap in globalized firms and how firms innovate when exposed to trade-induced shocks.?In the first paper, we study how the within-firm gender wage gap in Sweden is affected by the degree of gender inequality in the home country of foreign investors. The results suggest that gender norms of the home country matter-the wage gap between men and women in foreign-owned subsidiaries appears to increase with the degree of gender inequality prevailing in the investors' home market.?The second paper aims to improve our understanding of how exports and the associated need for communication with foreign partners affect the gender wage gap. Our key finding is that exports of goods that are intensive in interpersonal contacts widen the gender wage gap. The negative wage effect is robust across various specifications and is most pronounced for domestic exporting firms, which mainly deal with external contractors. We ascribe this result to a male comparative advantage in bargaining-a skill that is especially needed and rewarded when serving foreign markets, where contracting problems manifest themselves.?In the third paper, we examine whether exposure to gender inequality at export destinations (in the form of customer discrimination) impacts the gender wage gap in exporting firms. Relying on high-quality matched employer-employee data from Sweden, we demonstrate that exports to gender-unequal destinations increase the within-firm gender wage gap. We find the most pronounced negative wage impacts for female managers, who appear to be particularly exposed to the gender inequality of export partners.?In the fourth paper, I explore how exposure to import competition across different geographical aggregations alters the innovation activity of firms in the manufacturing sector. Using detailed geographical information on the location of manufacturing producers in Sweden, I analyze whether increased competitive pressure from abroad triggers a different response in innovation at the national, local labor market, and municipality levels. By exploiting exogenous shocks in the foreign export supply of intermediate manufacturing goods, I find the most pronounced effects at the lowest levels of geographical aggregation, which are consistently negative across different innovation metrics.
Book Synopsis Women and Trade by : World Bank;World Trade Organization
Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Book Synopsis Liberating Economics by : Drucilla Barker
Download or read book Liberating Economics written by Drucilla Barker and published by . This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liberating Economics draws on central concepts from women's studies scholarship to construct a feminist understanding of the economic roles of families, caring labor, motherhood, paid and unpaid labor, poverty, the feminization of labor, and the consequences of globalization. Barker and Feiner consistently recognize the importance of social location -- gender, race, class, sexual identity, and nationality -- in economic processes shaping the home, paid employment, market relations, and the global economy. Throughout they connect women's economic status in the industrialized nations to the economic circumstances surrounding women in the global South. Rooted in the two disciplines, this book draws on the rich tradition of interdisciplinary work in feminist social science scholarship to construct a parallel between the notions that the "personal is political" and "the personal is economic." Drucilla K. Barker is Professor of Economics and Women's Studies, Hollins University. Susan F. Feiner is Associate Professor of Economics and Women's Studies, University of Southern Maine.
Book Synopsis Wage Inequality in Africa by : Shirley Johnson-Lans
Download or read book Wage Inequality in Africa written by Shirley Johnson-Lans and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Palgrave Pivot features original research studies of wage inequality in African countries including South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. The contributors examine gender and racial wage differentials, as well as the effects of urbanization and globalization on inequality in wages and earnings. They also examine the extent to which human capital factors such as education and experience contribute to the significant wage differentials that exist in African countries.
Book Synopsis Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market by : Jorge Saba Arbache
Download or read book Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market written by Jorge Saba Arbache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A copublication of the Agence franðcaise de dâeveloppement and the World Bank."--T.p.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Women and Work in the Global Economy by : Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez
Download or read book The Economics of Women and Work in the Global Economy written by Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-25 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an analysis of the key issues faced by women in the labor market in the 21st century. It identifies the factors that inhibit women's participation in the labor market, studies occupational segregation by gender and analyzes labor transitions, questioning whether the experience for men and women differs. It also explores the effect of entrepreneurship support programs on women's economic and social positions, as well as the public policy implications of women's entry into the labor market. The book investigates working women in Mexico and also offers comparisons with countries such as Spain and developing countries within Eastern Europe. It explores a variety of topics, from a gender perspective, such as labor participation, the feminization of poverty, migration, wage gaps, changes in employment, informal work programs and public policy. Finally, the book offers a topical and timely analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic, tracking the gender inequalities among men and women in labor markets. The main market for the book is the global community of academics, researchers and graduate students in the fields of economics and, specifically, in the study of the labor market from a gender perspective. It will also be beneficial to government institutions responsible for the creation of public programs and policies, as well as non-governmental and non-profit organizations.
