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External Balance Sheets And The Covid 19 Crisis
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Book Synopsis External Balance Sheets and the COVID-19 Crisis by : Galina Hale
Download or read book External Balance Sheets and the COVID-19 Crisis written by Galina Hale and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the onset of the COVID-19 economic crisis, as in other crisis episodes, the flight to safety was accompanied by a rapid appreciation of "safe haven" currencies. We quantify currency-induced balance sheet effects for total external positions as well as for individual asset classes using new data on the currency composition of cross-border assets for 48 countries for the first quarter as well as full year 2020. For the first quarter of 2020 we also conduct the stock-flow reconciliation of net international investment positions to measure overall valuation effects. We show that for many countries currency-induced valuation gains mitigated losses that resulted from declining asset prices in the first quarter of 2020. Moreover, for countries with excess capital outflows during this period, the impacts on external balance sheet positions were mitigated by valuation gains. This is because, in contrast with past financial crises, many emerging markets did not experience negative external balance sheet effects from their currency depreciation, partly due to currency-induced valuation gains on equity positions offsetting losses on debt positions, partly due to reduced currency mismatch on their external debt positions.
Book Synopsis Currency-Induced External Balance Sheet Effects at the Onset of the COVID-19 Crisis by : Galina Hale
Download or read book Currency-Induced External Balance Sheet Effects at the Onset of the COVID-19 Crisis written by Galina Hale and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1513549014 Total Pages :114 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis External Sector Report, 2020 by : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Download or read book External Sector Report, 2020 written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced since 2012, the IMF’s annual External Sector Report analyzes global external developments and provides multilaterally consistent assessments of external positions, including current accounts, real exchange rates, external balance sheets, capital flows, and international reserves, of the world’s largest economies, representing over 90 percent of global GDP. Chapter 1 discusses the evolution of global external positions in 2019, external developments during the COVID-19 crisis, and policy priorities for responding to the crisis and for reducing excess imbalances over the medium term. Chapter 2 analyzes the relationship between the structure of external assets and liabilities—the components of the international investment position—and the risk of external stress events. It also assesses how heightened global risk aversion, as during the COVID-19 crisis, amplifies these risks. Chapter 3, “Individual Economy Assessments,” provides details on the different aspects of the overall external assessment and associated policy recommendations for 30 economies. This year’s report and associated external assessments are based on the latest vintage of the External Balance Assessment (EBA) methodology and on data and IMF staff projections as of July 15, 2020.
Book Synopsis Currencies of External Balance Sheets by : Mr. Cian Allen
Download or read book Currencies of External Balance Sheets written by Mr. Cian Allen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-11-17 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assembles a comprehensive dataset of the currency composition of countries’ external balance sheets for 50 economies over the period 1990–2020. We document the following findings: (i) the US dollar and the euro still dominate global external balance sheets; (ii) there were striking changes in the currency composition across countries since the 1990s, with many emerging markets having moved from short to long positions in foreign currency, thus moving away from the so-called “original sin”; (iii) financial and tradeweighted exchange rates are weakly correlated, suggesting the commonly used trade indices do not adequately reflect the wealth effects of currency movements, and (iv) the large wealth transfers across countries during COVID-19 and the global financial crises increased global imbalances in the former, and reduced them in the latter.
Author :INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1513576674 Total Pages :110 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (135 download)
Book Synopsis External Sector Report 2021 by : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.
Download or read book External Sector Report 2021 written by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced since 2012, the IMF’s annual External Sector Report analyzes global external developments and provides multilaterally consistent assessments of external positions, including current accounts, real exchange rates, external balance sheets, capital flows, and international reserves, of the world’s largest economies, representing over 90 percent of global GDP. Chapter 1 discusses the evolution of global external positions in 2020, external developments throughout the COVID-19 crisis, and policy priorities for reducing excess imbalances over the medium term. Chapter 2 analyzes how the unprecedented fiscal support provided in response to the COVID-19 crisis has affected external positions at the individual and global level. It also focuses on how withdrawal of such support will impact external positions in the medium term. Chapter 3, “Individual Economy Assessments,” provides details on the different aspects of the overall external assessment and associated policy recommendations for 30 economies. This year’s report and associated external assessments are based on the latest vintage of the External Balance Assessment (EBA) methodology and on data and IMF staff projections as of June 30, 2021.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498330274 Total Pages :63 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Debt-Related Vulnerabilities and Financial Crises - an Application of the Balance Sheet Approach to Emerging Market Countries by : International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept.
Download or read book Debt-Related Vulnerabilities and Financial Crises - an Application of the Balance Sheet Approach to Emerging Market Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2004-01-07 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL
Book Synopsis Who Bore the Brunt of the Pandemic in Europe? Shifting Private Stress to the Public Sector by :
Download or read book Who Bore the Brunt of the Pandemic in Europe? Shifting Private Stress to the Public Sector written by and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Europe, the severe human toll of the COVID-19 pandemic was compounded by the deepest fall in economic activity in modern history. Yet this huge decline in output did surprisingly little damage to the aggregate financial balance sheets of firms and households. This paper discusses how unprecedented policy support transferred private sector income losses to the public sector’s balance sheet and contrasts this experience to that of the global financial crisis.
Book Synopsis A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis by : Brad Setser
Download or read book A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis written by Brad Setser and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2002-12-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper lays out an analytical framework for understanding crises in emerging markets based on examination of stock variables in the aggregate balance sheet of a country and the balance sheets of its main sectors (assets and liabilities). It focuses on the risks created by maturity, currency, and capital structure mismatches. This framework draws attention to the vulnerabilities created by debts among residents, particularly those denominated in foreign currency, and it helps to explain how problems in one sector can spill over into other sectors, eventually triggering an external balance of payments crisis. The paper also discusses the potential of macroeconomic policies and official intervention to mitigate the cost of such a crisis.
Book Synopsis Corporate Liquidity and Solvency in Europe during COVID-19: The Role of Policies by : Mr.Christian H Ebeke
Download or read book Corporate Liquidity and Solvency in Europe during COVID-19: The Role of Policies written by Mr.Christian H Ebeke and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spread of COVID-19, containment measures, and general uncertainty led to a sharp reduction in activity in the first half of 2020. Europe was hit particularly hard—the economic contraction in 2020 is estimated to have been among the largest in the world—with potentially severe repercussions on its nonfinancial corporations. A wave of corporate bankruptcies would generate mass unemployment, and a loss of productive capacity and firm-specific human capital. With many SMEs in Europe relying primarily on the banking sector for external finance, stress in the corporate sector could easily translate into pressures in the banking system (Aiyar et al., forthcoming).
Book Synopsis The Role of External Balance Sheets in the Financial Crisis by : Yaser Al-Saffar
Download or read book The Role of External Balance Sheets in the Financial Crisis written by Yaser Al-Saffar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gross external balance sheets are important in explaining the incidence of the financial crisis across economies. Just as for banks, leverage of the national balance sheet was an indicator of subsequent vulnerability. Countries that also experienced strong domestic credit growth, in part fueled by 'savings glut' net capital inflows, suffered particularly badly. And banks' balance sheets were critical in the transmission mechanism: high gross external interbank debt -- the 'banking glut' -- and maturity and currency mismatches, contributed to foreign rollover risk.
Book Synopsis External Balance Sheets as Countercyclical Crisis Buffers by : Joseph P. Joyce
Download or read book External Balance Sheets as Countercyclical Crisis Buffers written by Joseph P. Joyce and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The external balance sheets of many emerging market countries are distinguished by their holdings of assets primarily in the form of foreign debt and foreign exchange reserves, while their liabilities are predominantly equity, either foreign direct investment or portfolio equity. We investigate the claim that this composition served as a buffer for the emerging markets during the global financial crisis of 2008-09. We use data from a sample of 67 emerging market and advanced economies, and several indicators of the crisis are utilized: GDP growth rates in 2008-09, the occurrence of bank crises and the use of IMF credit. Our results show that those countries that issued FDI liabilities had higher growth rates, fewer bank crises and were less likely to borrow from the IMF. Countries with debt liabilities, on the other hand, had more bank crises and were more likely to use IMF credit. We conclude that the “long debt, short equity” (hold debt assets, issue equity liabilities) strategy of emerging markets did mitigate the effects of the global financial crisis.
Book Synopsis Financing during the Covid-19-Pandemic. Is Leasing an Alternative Option for IT Equipment? by : Deniz Ay
Download or read book Financing during the Covid-19-Pandemic. Is Leasing an Alternative Option for IT Equipment? written by Deniz Ay and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, University of applied sciences, Düsseldorf, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to introduce leasing as a financing alternative for IT equipment during the Corona pandemic and to provide an answer to the following research question: Did leasing gain relevance as a financing alternative during the Corona pandemic, and was it the appropriate type of financing for the companies? The Corona pandemic, which broke out in 2020, has endangered not only the health of many people but also the economic stability in Germany; many companies have become economically unstable as a result of the pandemic, as shown by the 4,8% drop in gross domestic product (GDP) in Germany. As a result, the federal government called for an economic shutdown to protect the population from the increasing number of Corona infections. The result was a massive drop in sales in many sectors like aviation and tourism. In addition, the German government's Corona Occupational Health and Safety Ordinance stipulates that employers are obliged to offer home offices, provided there are no operational reasons to the contrary. Therefore, the necessary IT equipment for the employees was usually unavailable and had to be procured. This is in direct contrast to the lack of liquidity of the companies due to the multiple slumps in sales. This resulted in resorting to alternative financing options, such as leasing.
Book Synopsis Crisis-Related Measures in the Financial System and Sovereign Balance Sheet Risks by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Crisis-Related Measures in the Financial System and Sovereign Balance Sheet Risks written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the fiscal and financial risk implications of support measures in a sovereign balance sheet framework, making the point that the ultimate fiscal cost will depend on how balance sheets are managed—both in the near-term and as governments develop unwinding strategies. It suggests some key principles for efficient and transparent management of new assets, liabilities, and associated risks, and for moving toward an orderly disengagement.
Book Synopsis The Economic and Financial Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis Around the World by : Allen N. Berger
Download or read book The Economic and Financial Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis Around the World written by Allen N. Berger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Financial Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis Around the World: Expect the Unexpected provides an informed, research-based in-depth understanding of the COVID-19 crisis, its impacts on households, nonfinancial firms, banks, and financial market participants, and the effectiveness of the reactions of governments and policymakers in the United States and around the world. It provides reflections and perspectives on the social costs and benefits of various policies undertaken and a toolkit of preventive measures to deal with crises beyond the COVID-19 crisis. Authors Allen N. Berger, Mustafa U. Karakaplan, and Raluca A. Roman apply their expertise to the research and data on the COVID-19 economic crisis as well as draw on their own rich research experience. They take a holistic approach that compares and contrasts this crisis with other economic and financial crises and assesses economic and financial behavior and government policies in the booms before crises and the aftermaths following them, as well as the crises themselves. They do all this with a keen eye on “Expecting the Unexpected future crises, and policies that might anticipate them and provide better outcomes for society. Serves as a compendium of available research and data on COVID-19, policies in response to the pandemic, and its effects on the real economy, banking sector, and financial markets Contextualizes the COVID-19 economic crisis by comparing it to two other global crises from the past: the Crash of 1929 and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 Helps illustrate how crises that originate in financial markets and in the banking sector differ from each other as well as from the COVID-19 crisis that harmed the real economy first Compares the policies and outcomes of nations to the COVID-19 pandemic and assesses their costs and benefits, with potential implications for prospective future crises
Book Synopsis The Role of Corporate, Legal and Macroeconomic Balance Sheet Indicators in Crisis Detection and Prevention by : Roberto Perrelli
Download or read book The Role of Corporate, Legal and Macroeconomic Balance Sheet Indicators in Crisis Detection and Prevention written by Roberto Perrelli and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-03 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study tests the recent balance sheet explanations of external crises in emerging market countries and the role of standards in these crises. Using several unique data sets, it finds that corporate sector balance sheets have a very significant impact on both the likelihood and depth of external crises. The indicators supplement, rather than substitute for traditional macroeconomic variables with standards playing potentially an important role. The results have implications for strategies to limit external vulnerability: they suggest that policymakers need to promote sound private sector financial structures, support sound shareholder rights, in addition to employing prudent macroeconomic policies to reduce exposure to crises. In sample predictions point to potentially large improvements in the predictive power of models that include these indicators.
Book Synopsis A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis by : Mark Allen
Download or read book A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis written by Mark Allen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper lays out an analytical framework for understanding crises in emerging markets based on examination of stock variables in the aggregate balance sheet of a country and the balance sheets of its main sectors (assets and liabilities). It focuses on the risks created by maturity, currency, and capital structure mismatches. This framework draws attention to the vulnerabilities created by debts among residents, particularly those denominated in foreign currency, and it helps to explain how problems in one sector can spill over into other sectors, eventually triggering an external balance of payments crisis. The paper also discusses the potential of macroeconomic policies and official intervention to mitigate the cost of such a crisis.
Book Synopsis Disruption in Financial Reporting by : Krish Bhaskar
Download or read book Disruption in Financial Reporting written by Krish Bhaskar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the global financial crisis of 2007–8, new laws and regulations have been introduced with the aim of improving the transparency in financial reporting. Despite the dramatically increased flow of information to shareholders and the public, this information flow has not always been meaningful or useful. Often it seems that it is not possible to see the wood for the trees. Financial scalds continue, as Wirecard, NMC Health, Patisserie Valerie, going back to Carillion (and many more) demonstrate. Financial and corporate reporting have never been so fraught with difficulties as companies fail to give guidance about the future in an increasingly uncertain world aided and abetted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This concise book argues that the changes have simply masked an increase in the use of corporate PR, impression management, bullet points, glossy images, and other simulacra which allow poor performance to be masked by misleading information presented in glib boilerplate texts, images, and tables. The tone of the narrative sections in annual reports is often misleading. Drawing on extensive research and interviews with insiders and experts, this book charts what has gone wrong with financial reporting and offers a range of solutions to improve information to both investors and the public. This provides a framework for a new era of forward-looking corporate reporting and guidance based on often conflicting multiple corporate goals. The book also examines and contrasts the latest thinking by the regularity authorities. Providing a compelling exploration of the industry’s failings and present difficulties, and the impact of future disruption, this timely, thought-provoking book will be of great interest to students, researchers, and professionals as well as policy makers in accounting, financial reporting, corporate reporting, financial statement analysis, and governance.
