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Distributive Justice
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Book Synopsis Theories of Distributive Justice by : Jeppe Platz
Download or read book Theories of Distributive Justice written by Jeppe Platz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should we design our economic systems? Should we tax the rich at a higher rate than the poor? Should we have a minimum wage? Should the state provide healthcare for all? These and many related questions are the subject of distributive justice, and different theories of distributive justice provide different ways to think about and answer such questions. This book provides a thorough introduction to the main theories of distributive justice and reveals the underlying sources of our disagreements about economic policy. It argues that the universe of theories of distributive justice is surprisingly simple, yet complicated. It is simple in that the main theories of distributive justice are just four in number, and in that these theories each offer a distinct, well-defined theoretical approach to distributive justice; yet it is complicated in that the main theories disagree at several distinct, fundamental levels, and in that it is possible to spin innumerable new theories from the elements of the four main theories. Key Features: Covers the four major theories of distributive justice and their leading philosophers, elucidating the attractions and drawbacks of each: Friedrich A. von Hayek and right-liberalism; John Rawls and left-liberalism; Robert Nozick and libertarianism; Gerald A. Cohen and socialism. Explains why these four theories have come to dominate most philosophical discussions on distributive justice, highlighting the essential answer provided in each that is lacking in other theories. Written for any reader interested in the topic, with an annotated reading list at the end of each chapter and helpful glossary at the back of the book.
Book Synopsis Theories of Distributive Justice by : John E. Roemer
Download or read book Theories of Distributive Justice written by John E. Roemer and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Roemer has written a unique book that critiques economists' conceptions of justice from a philosophical perspective and philosophical theories of distributive justice from an economic one.
Download or read book A Theory of Justice written by John RAWLS and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though the revised edition of A Theory of Justice, published in 1999, is the definitive statement of Rawls's view, so much of the extensive literature on Rawls's theory refers to the first edition. This reissue makes the first edition once again available for scholars and serious students of Rawls's work.
Book Synopsis A Short History of Distributive Justice by : Samuel Fleischacker
Download or read book A Short History of Distributive Justice written by Samuel Fleischacker and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-06 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributive justice in its modern sense calls on the state to guarantee that everyone is supplied with a certain level of material means. Samuel Fleischacker argues that guaranteeing aid to the poor is a modern idea, developed only in the last two centuries. Earlier notions of justice, including Aristotle's, were concerned with the distribution of political office, not of property. It was only in the eighteenth century, in the work of philosophers such as Adam Smith and Immanuel Kant, that justice began to be applied to the problem of poverty. To attribute a longer pedigree to distributive justice is to fail to distinguish between justice and charity. Fleischacker explains how confusing these principles has created misconceptions about the historical development of the welfare state. Socialists, for instance, often claim that modern economics obliterated ancient ideals of equality and social justice. Free-market promoters agree but applaud the apparent triumph of skepticism and social-scientific rigor. Both interpretations overlook the gradual changes in thinking that yielded our current assumption that justice calls for everyone, if possible, to be lifted out of poverty. By examining major writings in ancient, medieval, and modern political philosophy, Fleischacker shows how we arrived at the contemporary meaning of distributive justice.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Distributive Justice by : Serena Olsaretti
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Distributive Justice written by Serena Olsaretti and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributive justice has come to the fore in political philosophy: how should we arrange our social and economic institutions so as to distribute benefits and burdens fairly? Thirty-eight leading figures from philosophy and political theory present specially written critical assessments of the key issues in this flourishing area of research.
Download or read book Fairness written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In theory and practice, the notion of fairness is far from simple. The principle is often elusive and subject to confusion, even in institutions of law, usage, and custom. In Fairness, Nicholas Rescher aims to liberate this concept from misunderstandings by showing how its definitive characteristics prevent it from being absorbed by such related conceptions as paternalistic benevolence, radical egalitarianism, and social harmonization. Rescher demonstrates that equality before the state is an instrument of justice, not of social utility or public welfare, and argues that the notion of fairness stops well short of a literal egalitarianism. Rescher disposes of the confusions arising from economists' penchant to focus on individual preferences, from decision theorists' concern for averting envy, and from political theorists' sympathy for egalitarianism. In their place he shows how the idea of distributive equity forms the core of the concept of fairness in matters of distributive justice. The coordination of shares with valid claims is the crux of the concept of fairness. In Rescher's view, this means that the pursuit of fairness requires objective rather than subjective evaluation of the goods being shared. This is something quite different from subjective equity based on the personal evaluation of goods by those laying claim to them. Insofar as subjective equity is a concern, the appropriate procedure for its realization is a process of maximum value distribution. Further, Rescher demonstrates that in matters of distributive justice, the distinction between new ownership and preexisting ownership is pivotal and calls for proceeding on very different principles depending on the case. How one should proceed depends on context, and what is adjudged fair is pragmatic, in that there are different requirements for effectiveness in achieving the aims and purposes of the sort of distribution that is intended. Rescher concludes that fairness is a fundamentally ethical concept. Its distinctive modus operandi contrasts sharply with the aims of paternalism, preference-maximizing, or economic advantage. Fairness will be of interest to philosophers, economists, and political scientists.
Book Synopsis Need-Based Distributive Justice by : Stefan Traub
Download or read book Need-Based Distributive Justice written by Stefan Traub and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the foundations and potential of a theory of need-based distributive justice, supported by experimental evidence. The core idea is that need-based distributive justice may have some legitimatory advantages over other important principles of distribution, like equality and equity, and therefore involves less dispute over the distribution and redistribution of scarce resources. In seven chapters, eleven scholars from the fields of philosophy, psychology, sociology, political science and economics outline the normative and positive building blocks of such a theory by critically reviewing the literature on distributive justice from their respective disciplinary perspectives. They address important theoretical and practical issues concerning the rationality of needs identification at the individual level and the recognition of needs at the societal level. They also investigate whether and how the dynamics of distribution procedures that allocate resources according to the need principle leads to social stability, focusing on the economic incentives that arise from need-based redistribution. The final chapter provides a synthesis and outlines a framework for a theory of justice based on ten hypotheses derived from the insights presented.
Book Synopsis Responsibility and Distributive Justice by : Carl Knight
Download or read book Responsibility and Distributive Justice written by Carl Knight and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-03 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents new essays investigating a difficult theoretical and practical problem: how do we find a place for individual responsibility in a theory of distributive justice? Does what we choose affect what we deserve? Would making justice sensitive to responsibility give people what they deserve? Would it advance or hinder equality?
Book Synopsis Liberalism and Distributive Justice by : Samuel Freeman
Download or read book Liberalism and Distributive Justice written by Samuel Freeman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samuel Freeman is a leading political philosopher and one of the foremost authorities on the works of John Rawls. Liberalism and Distributive Justice offers a series of Freeman's essays in contemporary political philosophy on three different forms of liberalism-classical liberalism, libertarianism, and the high liberal tradition--and their relation to capitalism, the welfare state, and economic justice.
Book Synopsis Discovery, Capitalism, and Distributive Justice by : Israel M. Kirzner
Download or read book Discovery, Capitalism, and Distributive Justice written by Israel M. Kirzner and published by Collected Works of Israel M. K. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovery, Capitalism, and Distributive Justice makes Kirzner's case for the idea that entrepreneurial profit is both essential for an economy and profoundly just. Asserting that the problem with standard criticism of capitalist income distribution is a failure to see capitalism as a "discovery procedure," Kirzner argues that production and subsequent profit are neither automatic nor guaranteed. This important contribution to the larger debate of the capitalist system clarifies core economic issues, so that the positive science of economics can enlighten our understanding of justice in capitalist distribution. Successful production always results from the discovery of an opportunity to obtain new gains from trade, i.e., the discovery of entrepreneurial profit. Kirzner shows that profit is the just and fair possession of its discoverer. This is what he calls the "finders-keepers" rule: "The finders-keepers rule asserts that an unowned object becomes the justly owned property of the first person who, discovering its availability and its potential value, takes possession of it." Richard Ebeling reviewed the work in 1989, saying, "the heart of Professor Kirzner's argument is that every discovery of a new opportunity is the appropriation of that which had not existed before a human mind had seen the potential in that object." Kirzner's monograph is complemented here by three important articles on the subject of economic justice, a critique of Kirzner's theory, and a reply from Kirzner to that critique. Kirzner's finders-keepers rule of entrepreneurial profit and market distribution stands as one of the foremost defenses of the distribution of income and profit in the free-enterprise system. Israel M. Kirzner is a leading economist in the Austrian School and Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University. Peter J. Boettke is University Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University and the BB&T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center. His publications include Living Economics, The Handbook of Contemporary Austrian Economics, and The Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics. He has been the editor of The Review of Austrian Economics since 1998. Frédéric Sautet is Associate Professor at The Catholic University of America, School of Business and Economics. He is a specialist in Austrian market process theory and teaches entrepreneurship studies. He has taught at George Mason University of Paris Dauphine. He is the author of An Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm and has published widely on entrepreneurship.
Book Synopsis Distributive Justice by : Julian Lamont
Download or read book Distributive Justice written by Julian Lamont and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central component of justice is how the economic goods are distributed in a society. Philosophers contribute to distributive justice debates by providing arguments for principles to guide and evaluate the allocation of economic goods and to guide the design of institutions to achieve more just distributions. This volume includes both seminal and recent work by philosophers, covering a range of representative positions, including libertarian, egalitarian, desert, and welfare theorists. The introduction to the volume and the selections themselves are designed to allow students and professionals to see some of the most influential pieces that have shaped the field, as well as some key critics of these positions. The articles intersect in such a way as to develop an appreciation of the types of theories and the central issues addressed by theories of distributive justice. Furthermore, the choice of authors in this collection reflects an appreciation of the influence of institutions in general, markets in particular, and even luck on the distribution of economic goods.
Book Synopsis New Perspectives on Distributive Justice by : Manuel Knoll
Download or read book New Perspectives on Distributive Justice written by Manuel Knoll and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributive justice is one of the most discussed topics in political philosophy. Focusing on the plurality of irreconcilable conceptions of social and political justice, this book presents an array of new perspectives on the topic. Bringing together 30 original essays of well-established and young international scholars, the volume is essential reading for anyone interested in social and political justice.
Book Synopsis Corrective and Distributive Justice by : Izhak Englard
Download or read book Corrective and Distributive Justice written by Izhak Englard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-17 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrective and Distributive Justice: From Aristotle to Modern Times retraces the intricate history of the distinction between corrective and distributive justice. This distinction is elaborated in the 5th book of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, which was rediscovered in Western Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries by the Scholastics and turned into a central topic in legal and theological scholarship. After a decline of interest in the wake of the enlightenment and secularization, a surprising revival of these notions of justice occurred in U.S. legal and philosophical discourse during the last four decades that has made this distinction a central issue in tort law, restitution and other important fields of private and public law. In literally hundreds of articles and a considerable number of books, the Aristotelian distinction has been elaborated, discussed, and applied. Englard's unique contribution to this aspect of legal history grants the contemporary reader a historical perspective that is vital for a deepened understanding of the distinction and modern concerns. Organized chronologically, Englard's research covers: Aristotle, High Scholastics, Late Scholastics, Post-Scholastics, and Modernity. The relevant literature is notoriously difficult to access, not only because of its Latin language, but because of the physical rarity of the relevant books scattered throughout the world. This book offers the modern reader a touchstone synthesis of intellectual and legal history.
Book Synopsis What's Fair? by : Jennifer L. Hochschild
Download or read book What's Fair? written by Jennifer L. Hochschild and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a long questionnaire and in-depth interviews, Hochschild examines the ideals and contemporary practices of Americans on the subject of distributive justice, and discovers neither the rich nor the nonrich support the downward redistribution of wealth.
Book Synopsis Distributive Justice and World Trade Law by : Oisin Suttle
Download or read book Distributive Justice and World Trade Law written by Oisin Suttle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a novel theory of justice in international trade law, examining what justice means and demands in this domain.
Book Synopsis Distributive Justice and Disability by : Mark S. Stein
Download or read book Distributive Justice and Disability written by Mark S. Stein and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theories of distributive justice are most severely tested in the area of disability. In this book, Mark Stein argues that utilitarianism performs better than egalitarian theories in this area: whereas egalitarian theories help the disabled either too little or too much, utilitarianism achieves the proper balance by placing resources where they will do the most good. Stein offers what may be the broadest critique of egalitarian theory from a utilitarian perspective. He addresses the work of egalitarian theorists John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, Amartya Sen, Bruce Ackerman, Martha Nussbaum, Norman Daniels, Philippe Van Parijs, and others. Stein claims that egalitarians are often driven to borrow elements of utilitarianism in order to make their theories at all plausible. The book concludes with an acknowledgment that both utilitarians and egalitarians face problems in the distribution of life-saving medical resources. Stein advocates a version of utilitarianism that would distribute life-saving resources based on life expectancy, not quality of life. Egalitarian theories, he argues, ignore life expectancy and so are again found wanting. Distributive Justice and Disability is a powerful and engaging book that helps to reframe the debate between egalitarian and utilitarian thinkers.
Author :Richard S. Gilbert Publisher :Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations ISBN 13 :9781558964167 Total Pages :236 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (641 download)
Book Synopsis How Much Do We Deserve? by : Richard S. Gilbert
Download or read book How Much Do We Deserve? written by Richard S. Gilbert and published by Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations. This book was released on 2001 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sheds new light on the injustice arising from the widening gap between rich and poor in the United States.
