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Development Of Methods For The Acquisition And Analysis Of Diffusion Weighted Mri Data
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Book Synopsis Development of Methods for the Acquisition and Analysis of Diffusion Weighted MRI Data by : Marta Morgado Correia
Download or read book Development of Methods for the Acquisition and Analysis of Diffusion Weighted MRI Data written by Marta Morgado Correia and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging (DW-MRI) and Diffusion-Weighted MR Spectroscopy (DW-MRS) by : Maryam Afzali
Download or read book Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging (DW-MRI) and Diffusion-Weighted MR Spectroscopy (DW-MRS) written by Maryam Afzali and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a unique technique that provides tissue-specific contrast non-invasively. However, even at ultra-high field, resolution remains on the millimeter scale, far above cellular microstructure. Taking the fact that diffusion of nuclear spins in magnetic field gradients results in a characteristic signal loss, MRI can be sensitized to water-diffusion (DW-MRI) to recover microstructural information indirectly. Diffusion-Weighted MR Spectroscopy (DW-MRS) goes one step further by not measuring the diffusion of tissue water but of cell-type specific metabolites. Given that, both techniques can provide complementary information: DW-MRI on water diffusion with high spatial resolution but without cellular specificity, and DW-MRS on cell-type specific metabolite diffusion but with a limited spatial resolution (single-volume) and at a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To meet the needs of sophisticated tissue and cell modeling strategies to derive quantitative microstructural measures both techniques have to be sensitized to specific length scales and structural features. This can only be achieved by constant development in sequence design, diffusion-encoding, tissue modeling, data processing, and technical equipment. This research topic aims to attract contributions from all these fields targeting DW-MRI and DW-MRS improvement to accomplish two fundamental goals: (1) providing unique intra-voxel distributions of a set of diffusion parameters instead of an averaged value; allowing the identification of multiple compartments and tissue microstructure, (2) enabling higher accuracy and precision in derived quantitative values. Acquisitional, computational, and pulse design technological breakthroughs have positioned DW-MRI and DW-MRS as powerful emerging modalities for studying biological media, from muscle to the central nervous system, exhibiting extraordinary sensitivity and specificity in differentiating normal from pathologic cell-level processes and microstructural alterations. We welcome studies and manuscripts covering all aspects of DW-MRI, DW-MRS, tissue/cell modeling, study protocol design, or technical innovation: from theoretical studies focusing on the mathematical and physiological background of tissue microstructural modeling, to technical developments, to phantom studies, to novel acquisition and sampling strategies, to improved diffusion encoding techniques, to clinical studies. We are encouraging the submission of the following types of manuscripts: original research and brief research reports, methods, protocols and study protocols, review and mini review, perspective, hypothesis and theory, technology and code, clinical trial, case report, classification, and data report. Topics for submitted papers can be in one of the following general categories: - Development of processing methods, instrumentation, or experimental design of DW-MRI and DW-MRS. - Introduction of new theoretical or simulation models to DW-MRI or DW-MRS. - In vivo (human and animal), in vitro, in silico, phantom, and ex vivo studies are welcome.
Book Synopsis Advanced analysis of diffusion MRI data by : Xuan Gu
Download or read book Advanced analysis of diffusion MRI data written by Xuan Gu and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality which can measure diffusion of water molecules, by making the MRI acquisition sensitive to diffusion. Diffusion MRI provides unique possibilities to study structural connectivity of the human brain, e.g. how the white matter connects different parts of the brain. Diffusion MRI enables a range of tools that permit qualitative and quantitative assessments of many neurological disorders, such as stroke and Parkinson. This thesis introduces novel methods for diffusion MRI data analysis. Prior to estimating a diffusion model in each location (voxel) of the brain, the diffusion data needs to be preprocessed to correct for geometric distortions and head motion. A deep learning approach to synthesize diffusion scalar maps from a T1-weighted MR image is proposed, and it is shown that the distortion-free synthesized images can be used for distortion correction. An evaluation, involving both simulated data and real data, of six methods for susceptibility distortion correction is also presented in this thesis. A common problem in diffusion MRI is to estimate the uncertainty of a diffusion model. An empirical evaluation of tractography, a technique that permits reconstruction of white matter pathways in the human brain, is presented in this thesis. The evaluation is based on analyzing 32 diffusion datasets from a single healthy subject, to study how reliable tractography is. In most cases only a single dataset is available for each subject. This thesis presents methods based on frequentistic (bootstrap) as well as Bayesian inference, which can provide uncertainty estimates when only a single dataset is available. These uncertainty measures can then, for example, be used in a group analysis to downweight subjects with a higher uncertainty.
Download or read book Diffusion MRI written by Derek K Jones and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Derek Jones, a world authority on diffusion MRI, has assembled most of the world's leading scientists and clinicians developing and applying diffusion MRI to produce an authorship list that reads like a "Who's Who" of the field and an essential resource for those working with diffusion MRI. Destined to be a modern classic, this definitive and richly illustrated work covers all aspects of diffusion MRI from basic theory to clinical application. Oxford Clinical Neuroscience is a comprehensive, cross-searchable collection of resources offering quick and easy access to eleven of Oxford University Press's prestigious neuroscience texts. Joining Oxford Medicine Online these resources offer students, specialists and clinical researchers the best quality content in an easy-to-access format.
Book Synopsis High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Development and Application of Novel Radial Fast Spin-echo Acquisitions by :
Download or read book High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Development and Application of Novel Radial Fast Spin-echo Acquisitions written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DWI) has become a useful tool in medicine for the purpose of diagnosis, tracking disease progression, and monitoring response to therapy. The current techniques used for DWI suffer from artifacts due to magnetic field inhomogeneities, image distortion, and low spatial resolution. The aim of the presented work is to advance DWI by improving upon and developing novel high-resolution acquisition techniques. The approach taken for this purpose was to utilize radial fast spin-echo data acquisitions, which have been shown to produce high-resolution DWI without artifacts due to magnetic field inhomogeneities. In addition, there is little image distortion in radial fast spin-echo DWI, which allows for direct overlay onto anatomical MRI. However, a draw back is that radial methods require longer scan times. By increasing the imaging speed of existing radial fast spin-echo acquisitions, it may become a more practical clinical tool. In addition, novel acquisition techniques are developed that push high-resolution to all three dimensions. By employing a three-dimensional radial fast spin-echo acquisition, voxels in an image have equal size in each dimension and can be on the order of 1mm3. By decreasing the voxel size, the tissue contained within a voxel is more homogeneous. This is important for DWI applications that aim to measure the microscopic integrity of the tissue. The development and analysis of the novel radial fast spin-echo techniques are presented in this work along with several clinical applications. The remaining issues to be addressed for application to quantitative DWI measures are also presented, along with possible solutions.
Book Synopsis Advanced Diffusion Encoding Methods in MRI by : Daniel Topgaard
Download or read book Advanced Diffusion Encoding Methods in MRI written by Daniel Topgaard and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical MRI community is by far the largest user of diffusion NMR techniques and this book captures the current surge of methods and provides a primary source to aid adoption in this field. There is a trend to adapting the more advanced diffusion encoding sequences developed by NMR researchers within the fields of porous media, chemical engineering, and colloid science to medical research. Recently published papers indicate great potential for improved diagnosis of the numerous pathological conditions associated with changes of tissue microstructure that are invisible to conventional diffusion MRI. This book disseminates these recent developments to the wider community of MRI researchers and clinicians. The chapters cover the theoretical basis, hardware and pulse sequences, data analysis and validation, and recent applications aimed at promoting further growth in the field. This is a fast moving field and chapters are written by key MRI scientists that have contributed to the successful translation of the advanced diffusion NMR methods to the context of medical MRI, from global locations.
Book Synopsis Brain Network Analysis by : Moo K. Chung
Download or read book Brain Network Analysis written by Moo K. Chung and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This coherent mathematical and statistical approach aimed at graduate students incorporates regression and topology as well as graph theory.
Book Synopsis Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Wim Van Hecke
Download or read book Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Wim Van Hecke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the practical aspects of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), from understanding the basis of the technique through selection of the right protocols, trouble-shooting data quality, and analyzing DTI data optimally. DTI is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for visualizing and quantifying tissue microstructure based on diffusion. The book discusses the theoretical background underlying DTI and advanced techniques based on higher-order models and multi-shell diffusion imaging. It covers the practical implementation of DTI; derivation of information from DTI data; and a range of clinical applications, including neurosurgical planning and the assessment of brain tumors. Its practical utility is enhanced by decision schemes and a fully annotated DTI brain atlas, including color fractional anisotropy maps and 3D tractography reconstructions of major white matter fiber bundles. Featuring contributions from leading specialists in the field of DTI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Practical Handbook is a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, MRI technicians and clinicians.
Book Synopsis Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields by : Joachim Weickert
Download or read book Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields written by Joachim Weickert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matrix-valued data sets – so-called second order tensor fields – have gained significant importance in scientific visualization and image processing due to recent developments such as diffusion tensor imaging. This book is the first edited volume that presents the state of the art in the visualization and processing of tensor fields. It contains some longer chapters dedicated to surveys and tutorials of specific topics, as well as a great deal of original work by leading experts that has not been published before. It serves as an overview for the inquiring scientist, as a basic foundation for developers and practitioners, and as as a textbook for specialized classes and seminars for graduate and doctoral students.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Nicole Seiberlich
Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Book Synopsis Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging by : Dow-Mu Koh
Download or read book Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging written by Dow-Mu Koh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-13 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a great privilege to introduce this book devoted to the current and future roles in research and clinical practice of another exciting new development in MRI: Diffusi- weighted MR imaging. This new, quick and non-invasive technique, which requires no contrast media or i- izing radiation, offers great potential for the detection and characterization of disease in the body as well as for the assessment of tumour response to therapy. Indeed, whereas DW-MRI is already ? rmly established for the study of the brain, progress in MR techn- ogy has only recently enabled its successful application in the body. Although the main focus of this book is on the role of DW-MRI in patients with malignant tumours, n- oncological emerging applications in other conditions are also discussed. The editors of this volume, Dr. D. M. Koh and Prof. H. Thoeny, are internationally well known for their pioneering work in the ? eld and their original contributions to the l- erature on DW-MRI of the body. I am very much indebted to them for the enthusiasm and engagement with which they prepared and edited this splendid volume in a record short time for our series Medical Radiology – Diagnostic section.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Susumu Mori
Download or read book Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Susumu Mori and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts behind diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are commonly difficult to grasp, even for magnetic resonance physicists. To make matters worse, a many more complex higher-order methods have been proposed over the last few years to overcome the now well-known deficiencies of DTI. In Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging: And Higher Order Models, these concepts are explained through extensive use of illustrations rather than equations to help readers gain a more intuitive understanding of the inner workings of these techniques. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images and tractography results, the design of experiments, and the types of application studies that can be undertaken. Diffusion MRI is a very active field of research, and theories and techniques are constantly evolving. To make sense of this constantly shifting landscape, there is a need for a textbook that explains the concepts behind how these techniques work in a way that is easy and intuitive to understand—Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap. Extensive use of illustrations to explain the concepts of diffusion tensor imaging and related methods Easy to understand, even without a background in physics Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design, and applications Up-to-date information on more recent higher-order models, which are increasingly being used for clinical applications
Download or read book Diffusion MRI written by Derek K. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Robust Diffusion Weighted Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Philip Kenneth Lee
Download or read book Methods for Robust Diffusion Weighted Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Philip Kenneth Lee and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion weighted (DW) imaging is an increasingly common Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast in the clinic. There are several clinical applications that do not yet benefit from diffusion weighted imaging, owing to image artifacts encountered by conventional diffusion acquisitions. DW Fast Spin Echo (FSE) sequences are robust to field non-uniformities, but the non Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) artifact must be addressed. Two different novel imaging reconstructions that can be applied to address the non CPMG artifact, were developed. The first reconstruction leverages calibrationless imaging and compressed sensing ideals to reduce the effect of T2 blur using shot locally low rank regularization. Combined with a diffusion prepared stimulated echo FSE sequence, it is shown to have reduced image distortion compared to conventional multi-shot DW-EPI techniques, and improved apparent resolution compared to vendor provided distortionless DW-FSE PROPELLER. The second reconstruction is a joint linear reconstruction for multi-shot quadratic phase increment data that can be acquired without a signal penalty. This reconstruction corrects ghosting artifacts from both shot-to-shot phase and intra-shot signal oscillations. A thorough analysis on the condition number of the proposed linear system shows that the conditioning is the same as applying parallel imaging to each shot, in the worst case, and the same as a standard multi-shot reconstruction in the best case. A clinically feasible sequence that achieves DW imaging near metal with moderate b-values and volumetric coverage in clinically feasible scan times, using diffusion-prepared FSE, was developed. Application of root-flipped Shinnar-Le Roux refocusing pulses permits preparation of a high spectral bandwidth, which improves imaging times by reducing the number of excitations required to cover the desired spectral range. B1 sensitivity is reduced by employing an excitation that satisfies the CPMG condition in the preparation. The gradient waveform used for ADC quantification was shown theoretically and experimentally to be insensitive to background gradients. Application in vivo demonstrates complementary contrast to conventional multispectral acquisitions and improved visualization compared to DW-EPI. Finally, a computationally efficient tool for optimizing the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of quantitative sequences without using approximations or an analytical expression of the signal was developed. Automatic differentiation was applied to Bloch simulations and used to optimize several quantitative sequences without the need for approximations or an analytical expression. The results were validated with in vivo measurements and comparisons to prior art. The CRLB of the Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) sequence, which has a complicated analytical formulation, was optimized using automatic differentiation.
Book Synopsis Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience by : Judith M. Rumsey
Download or read book Neuroimaging in Developmental Clinical Neuroscience written by Judith M. Rumsey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Book Synopsis Development and Assessment of Advanced Quantitative Body Diffusion Weighted MRI by : Yuxin Zhang
Download or read book Development and Assessment of Advanced Quantitative Body Diffusion Weighted MRI written by Yuxin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion-Weighted MRI (DW-MRI) has a unique ability to non-invasively probe tissue microstructure without the need for ionizing radiation or contrast agent administration. This ability makes DW-MRI a powerful tool for the detection, staging, and treatment monitoring of cancer. However, DWI remains limited by multiple imaging challenges, especially in extracranial organs such as liver and prostate. The major challenges include: 1) relatively long acquisition time in multi-parametric mapping, 2), T2-shinethrough effect 3) artifacts caused by tissue motion and 4) image distortions arising from local magnetic field heterogeneities. In this thesis, technical developments are introduced to address these challenges in prostate and liver DWI. A STimulated-Echo based mapping (STEM) approach is developed and optimized to achieve simultaneous T1, T2 and ADC mapping within five minutes. The STE-DWI sequence is also evaluated in patients with prostate cancer, in order to achieve high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) with moderate b-values. To address the motion artifacts in liver DWI caused by cardiac motion, a M1-Optimized Diffusion Imaging (MODI) method is proposed to compensate the motion sensitivity while maintaining the blood-suppression effect using optimized diffusion encoding gradient waveforms. Additionally, reduced Field-of-View and multi-shot EPI acquisitions are assessed in prostate DWI to reduce the geometric distortion artifacts. Finally, a synergistic combination of MODI and multi-shot EPI acquisitions are proposed for motion-robust, reduced-distortion liver DWI. In this work, the feasibility, quantitative accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed techniques are evaluated in simulations, quantitative diffusion phantoms, healthy volunteers and a small number of patients with known or suspected cancer.
Book Synopsis Toward Advances in Data Acquisition and Analysis for Quantitative Multi-contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Kalina Polet Slavkova
Download or read book Toward Advances in Data Acquisition and Analysis for Quantitative Multi-contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Kalina Polet Slavkova and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging for cancer is an invaluable noninvasive imaging tool with superior tissue contrast and greater specificity for disease than other imaging modalities; however, MRI is costly and lengthy, making it difficult to deploy quantitative imaging techniques alongside existing clinical protocols. Moreover, radiologists require high spatial resolution images for anatomical interpretation, which is not often reconcilable with the need for high temporal resolution in dynamic quantitative imaging schemes. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop novel analysis and acquisition methods that support fast quantitative imaging for substantiating clinical protocols without necessitating significantly longer scan times, thereby providing opportunity for clinical deployment of quantitative MRI protocols. This purpose is achieved through three distinct approaches. First, we take high temporal resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data from women with locally advanced breast cancer and retrospectively abbreviate the data to varying degrees. We subsequently analyze the full-length and abbreviated datasets with perfusion models and assess the agreement between the quantitative parameters from the full-length and abbreviated analyses, showing that scans can be shortened by up to 58%. Second, using fully sampled variable-flip angle raw data of the brain from healthy volunteers, we retrospectively accelerate the raw data by 8- to 36-fold and apply an untrained deep learning method with physics-based regularization to reconstruct the anatomical images while simultaneously computing the relevant quantitative parameter map. We achieve images with high spatial resolution and quantitative maps that agree strongly with the quantitative information computed from the fully sampled data. Finally, with the purpose of noninvasively describing tumor heterogeneity, we identify three distinct tumor habitats by clustering multiparametric quantitative information from diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data from a murine model of glioma collected at multiple imaging visits. We subsequently model the growth of the tumor habitats over time with a system of ordinary differential equations, thereby establishing a computationally fast pipeline for noninvasive tumor habitat growth prediction. Overall, these approaches yield novel methods that enable fast acquisition of quantitative MRI data as well as pipelines for retrospective abbreviation and analysis of existing quantitative MRI data
