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Author : John Moseley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (939 download)
Download or read book Development of Cathodoluminescence Spectrum Imaging Characterization of CdTe Solar Cells written by John Moseley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mowafak Al-Jassim
Publisher : Institution of Engineering and Technology
ISBN 13 : 1839530235
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (395 download)
Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells written by Mowafak Al-Jassim and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Spatially Resolved Cathodoluminescence of CdTe Thin Films and Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have investigated the spatial distribution of different transitions identified in the emission spectra of CdTe thin films and solar cells by cathodoluminescence spectroscopic imaging (CLSI). Prior to back-contact deposition, the spectra are dominated by excitons (X) and donor-to-acceptor (DAP) transitions. After contacting, Cu acceptor states are found in addition to the X and DAP recombination processes. A very systematic behavior found in CdTe is that DAP transitions occur preferentially at grain boundaries (GBs). The distribution of these states responsible for the passivation of GBs is not affected by further processing, although additional levels participate in the recombination process. We believe that this stability is one of the reasons for the success of thin-film CdTe solar cells. Estimates of the densities of different donors and acceptors participating in the recombination process are possible from the analysis of the evolution of the emission spectra with the excitation level. It is found that the back contact suppresses some intrinsic acceptors (associated with the A center) near the back-contact interface and, therefore, Cu acceptor states should be responsible for the p-typeness of the back surface more than a reduction of compensation. CLSI measurements are shown to be helpful in understanding the physics of back-contact formation.
Author : Anthony Giacomo Gianfrancesco
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (847 download)
Download or read book Multi-wavelength Characterization of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell -- Development of Q-EBIC and NSOM Measurement Techniques written by Anthony Giacomo Gianfrancesco and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Thin-film inorganic solar cells, such as CdTe, have demonstrated the most promise to date for a viable low-cost renewable energy resource. Their current performance, however, is far from the theoretical limit suffering from significant charge recombination losses due to grain boundaries and point defects. It is likely that the microscopic compositions of grain bulk and grain boundaries are significantly different and not optimal for the overall device performance. Good understanding of charge transport along and across the grain boundaries and other microscopic interfaces is lacking, preventing the development of reliable and predictive device models. The insufficient microscopic understanding hinders efficient characterization of photovoltaic materials and also holds back the development of process control techniques. We first show preliminary results for a novel technique, quantum-dot electron-beam induced current to characterize semiconductors in the near-field. We also propose the use of near-field optical scanning microscopy for high precision optical excitation and for local, high-resolution characterization. These imaging techniques are examined with the goal of synthesizing information obtained by both methods, of material phenomena at the relevant length scales, to other measurement methods. The most important nanoscale phenomena being the separation of compositional and electrical effects.
Author : Darshini Desai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109861761
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (617 download)
Download or read book Electrical Characterization of Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells written by Darshini Desai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic device modeling results obtained using AMPS (Analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures) suggest that the dominant recombination mechanism is the SRH recombination through midgap states.
Author : Deidra Ranel Hodges
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)
Download or read book Development of CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells on Flexible Foil Substrates written by Deidra Ranel Hodges and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a leading thin film photovoltaic (PV) material due to its near ideal band gap of 1.45 eV, its high optical absorption coefficient and availability of various device fabrication methods. Superstrate CdTe solar cells fabricated on glass have to-date exhibited efficiencies of 16.5%. Work on substrate devices has been limited due to difficulties associated with the formation of an ohmic back contact with CdTe. The most promising approach used to-date is based on the use of an interlayer between the CdTe and a metal electrode, an approach that is believed to yield a pseudo-ohmic contact. This research investigates the use of ZnTe and Sb2Te3 as the interlayer, in the development of efficient back contacts. Excellent adhesion and minimum stress are also required of a CdTe thin film solar cell device on a flexible stainless steel (SS) foil substrate. Foil substrate curvature, flaking, delamination and adhesion as a result of compressive strain due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the flexible SS foil substrate and the solar cell films have been studied. A potential problem with the use of a SS foil as the substrate is the diffusion of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and other elemental impurities into the layers of the solar cell device structure during high temperature processing. A diffusion barrier limiting the out diffusion of these substrate elements is being investigated in this study. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) films deposited on SS foils are being investigated as the barrier layer, to reduce or inhibit the diffusion of substrate impurities into the solar cell. Thin film CdTe solar cells have been fabricated and characterized by AFM, XRD, SEM, ASTM D3359-08 tape test, current-voltage (I-V) and spectral measurements. My individual contributions to this work include the Molybdenum (Mo) development, the adhesion studies, the silicon nitride (Si3N4) barrier studies, and EDS and SEM lines measurements and analysis of substrate out-diffused impurities. The rest of my colleagues focused on the development of CdTe, CdS, ZnTe, the CdCl2 heat treatment, and other back contact interlayer materials.
Author : Xu Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sputtered Films for Applications in CdS-CdTe Solar Cells written by Xu Wang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hemant G. Bhimnathwala
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Performance and Characterization of CdTe Solar Cells written by Hemant G. Bhimnathwala and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wei Xia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (875 download)
Download or read book Approaches to Fabricating High-efficiency Ultra-thin CdTe Solar Cells written by Wei Xia and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis is an investigation of the fabrication, characterization and performance of high-efficiency and ultra-thin CdTe solar cells with an aim of reducing the material usage and cell manufacturing cost. Several approaches have been successfully carried out to directly or indirectly improve the device performance. Major achievements are listed below: 1) A close-spaced sublimation (CSS) process with an improved control of the deposition temperature-time profile was developed to fabricate high-quality ultra-thin CdTe films. Three key factors in the CSS process including oxygen pressure, substrate temperature and thermal etch duration were optimized. 2) A two-stage post-deposition treatment including a high temperature annealing (HTA) followed by a vaporous cadmium chloride treatment (VCC) was developed and optimized for the growth of high-quality CdTe films. The effects of HTA and VCC on ultra-thin CdTe solar cells were revealed by a combination of characterization techniques, including photoluminescence. 3) In a collaborative effort two new back contact buffers, MoOx and Te/Cu, were identified and applied in ultra-thin CdTe solar cells. Substitution of a conventional acid etching method with the new back contact buffers was found to enhance the cell efficiency from ~10% to ~13.5%. Moreover, the new buffers improved the reproducibility of cell fabrication. A low-resistance electrical back contact based on the Te/Cu buffer and Ni as electrode was developed. A thermal activation process was found necessary to promote ohmic contact formation. Cu diffusion into the Te layer and CdTe bulk layer occurred during the thermal activation process and must be controlled to prevent excessive diffusion into the CdS/CdTe junction. The effects of Cu concentration and Te thickness on device performance and cell stability were systematically investigated and a cell efficiency as high as ~15% with good stability has been achieved using an optimized Te/Cu buffer. 4) A novel vaporous zinc chloride treatment was developed for the formation of Cd1xZnxS from CdS films. Compared with conventional fabrication methods, the VZC method features simple setup and operation and is capable of producing Cd1xZnxS films with a homogenous structure. The Zn to Cd doping ratio in Cd1−xZnxS can be easily controlled by adjusting the process parameters. By replacing CdS with a more transparent Cd1−xZnxS as the window layer, CdTe solar cells with a higher (12-14%) short-circuit current, Jsc, have been demonstrated"--Page v-vi.
Author : Alessandro Romeo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)
Download or read book Growth and Characterization of High Efficiency CdTe/CdS Solar Cells written by Alessandro Romeo and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of the ZnTe:CU Contact on CdS/CdTe Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Spectroscopic Cathodoluminescence Studies of the ZnTe:Cu Contact Process for CdS/CdTe Solar Cells: Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference paper describes the spectroscopic cathodoluminescence (CL), electron-beam induced current (EBIC), and capacitance-Voltage (C-V) measurements are used to study the formation of CdS/CdTe devices processed using ion-beam milling and a ZnTe:Cu/Ti contact. Results show heating in vacuum at~360 deg C and ion-beam milling lead to observable changes in the CL emission from the CdCl2-treatedCdTe surface. Changes in the CL spectrum are also observed as ZnTe:Cu layer thickness increases. These changes are correlated to published studies of defect levels and shown to be due, possibly, to an n-type region existing between the ZnTe:Cu contact interface and the p-CdTe layers. This n-type region is eliminated once a sufficiently thick ZnTe:Cu layer is produced.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Spectroscopic Cathodoluminescence Studies of the ZnTe written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference paper describes the spectroscopic cathodoluminescence (CL), electron-beam induced current (EBIC), and capacitance-Voltage (C-V) measurements are used to study the formation of CdS/CdTe devices processed using ion-beam milling and a ZnTe:Cu/Ti contact. Results show heating in vacuum at (almost equal to)360 C and ion-beam milling lead to observable changes in the CL emission from the CdCl2-treated CdTe surface. Changes in the CL spectrum are also observed as ZnTe:Cu layer thickness increases. These changes are correlated to published studies of defect levels and shown to be due, possibly, to an n-type region existing between the ZnTe:Cu contact interface and the p-CdTe layers. This n-type region is eliminated once a sufficiently thick ZnTe:Cu layer is produced.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1028 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David A. Fardig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (264 download)
Download or read book Characterization of CDTE/CDS Solar Cells written by David A. Fardig and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 864 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 974 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
