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Consumption Asset Pricing With Stable Shocks Exploring A Solution And Its Implications For The Equity Premium Puzzle
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Book Synopsis Consumption Asset Pricing with Stable Shocks - Exploring a Solution and its Implications for the Equity Premium Puzzle by : Prasad V. Bidarkota
Download or read book Consumption Asset Pricing with Stable Shocks - Exploring a Solution and its Implications for the Equity Premium Puzzle written by Prasad V. Bidarkota and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the consumption based asset pricing model due to Lucas (1978). The exogenous endowment sequence is modeled as a linear stochastic process driven by stable shocks in an otherwise standard framework. The Gaussian process emerges as a special case. We derive exact analytical solutions for asset prices and returns, and provide conditions under which these exist. We also study the implications of the model for the equity premium puzzle.
Book Synopsis Saving Based Asset Pricing Models by : Johannes Kabderian Dreyer
Download or read book Saving Based Asset Pricing Models written by Johannes Kabderian Dreyer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumption, the Persistence of Shocks, and Asset Price Volatility by : Juan Carlos Rodriguez
Download or read book Consumption, the Persistence of Shocks, and Asset Price Volatility written by Juan Carlos Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a general equilibrium setting, a temporary component in consumption introduces a wedge between the volatility of equity returns and the volatility of consumption growth. This paper explores the asset pricing consequences of this property in a model in which consumption is the sum of a permanent and a transitory component. Permanent shocks are assumed to be rare events, while transitory shocks follow a diffusion process. When calibrated to US annual data, the model matches first and second moments of equity and bond returns for preference parameters within acceptable bounds. Permanent and transitory shocks together explain the equity premium, while transitory shocks alone explain the excess volatility of returns.
Book Synopsis The Equity Premium Puzzle by : Yosef Bonaparte
Download or read book The Equity Premium Puzzle written by Yosef Bonaparte and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the risk aversion for households accounting for their lifetime consumption risk. Households view the overall lifetime uninsured consumption risk when they optimize resources, which based on micro data varies across households. Thus, representing households' consumption by merging cross-sectional micro data into the single Euler equation (the common approach taken in the literature) may be too rough an approximation and lead to biased results regarding risk aversion. Our results indicate that rejected asset pricing models fit the data when we account for households' lifetime consumption risk. Our empirical success has also implications on long-run aggregate asset pricing models.
Book Synopsis The Equity Premium in Brock's Asset Pricing Model by : Levent Akseniz
Download or read book The Equity Premium in Brock's Asset Pricing Model written by Levent Akseniz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intertemporal Asset Pricing by : Bernd Meyer
Download or read book Intertemporal Asset Pricing written by Bernd Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-eighties Mehra and Prescott showed that the risk premium earned by American stocks cannot reasonably be explained by conventional capital market models. Using time additive utility, the observed risk pre mium can only be explained by unrealistically high risk aversion parameters. This phenomenon is well known as the equity premium puzzle. Shortly aft erwards it was also observed that the risk-free rate is too low relative to the observed risk premium. This essay is the first one to analyze these puzzles in the German capital market. It starts with a thorough discussion of the available theoretical mod els and then goes on to perform various empirical studies on the German capital market. After discussing natural properties of the pricing kernel by which future cash flows are translated into securities prices, various multi period equilibrium models are investigated for their implied pricing kernels. The starting point is a representative investor who optimizes his invest ment and consumption policy over time. One important implication of time additive utility is the identity of relative risk aversion and the inverse in tertemporal elasticity of substitution. Since this identity is at odds with reality, the essay goes on to discuss recursive preferences which violate the expected utility principle but allow to separate relative risk aversion and intertemporal elasticity of substitution.
Book Synopsis A Jump/diffusion Consumption-based Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Equity Premium Puzzle by : Knut Kristian Aase
Download or read book A Jump/diffusion Consumption-based Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Equity Premium Puzzle written by Knut Kristian Aase and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A New Perspective on the Equity Premium Puzzle by : Hammad Siddiqi
Download or read book A New Perspective on the Equity Premium Puzzle written by Hammad Siddiqi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general conclusion of a very large literature on the equity premium puzzle is that the simplest version of the consumption-based asset pricing model (C-CAPM) with time-additive, power utility is inconsistent with the data. I show that this conclusion is premature and the simplest version can account for high equity premium and other puzzles if decision-maker reliance on informative starting points is incorporated in the model.
Book Synopsis Is Consumption Growth Only a Sideshow in Asset Pricing? by : Thomas A. Maurer
Download or read book Is Consumption Growth Only a Sideshow in Asset Pricing? written by Thomas A. Maurer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I show that risk sources such as unexpected demographic changes or shocks to the agent's subjective time preferences may have stronger implications and be of greater importance for asset pricing than risk in the (aggregate) consumption growth process. In the first chapter, I discuss stochastic changes to time preferences. Shocks to the agent's subjective time discounting of future utility cause stochastic changes in asset prices and the agent's value function. Independent of the consumption growth process, shocks to time discounting imply a covariation between asset returns and the marginal utility process, and the equity premium is non-zero. My model can generate both a reasonably low level and volatility in the risk-free real interest rate and a high stock price volatility and equity premium. If time discounting follows a process with mean- reversion, then the interest rate process is mean-reverting and stock returns are (at long horizons) negatively auto-correlated. In the second chapter, I analyze the asset pricing implications of birth and death rate shocks in an overlapping generations model. The interest rate and the equity premium are time varying and under certain conditions the interest rate is lower and the equity premium is higher during periods characterized by a high birth rate and low mortality than in times of a low birth rate and high mortality. Demographic changes may explain substantial parts of the time variation in the real interest rate and the equity premium. Demographic uncertainty implies a large unconditional variation in asset returns and leads to stochastic changes in the conditional volatility of stock returns. In the last chapter, I illustrate how shocks to the death rate may affect expected asset returns in the cross-section. An agent demands more of an asset with higher (lower) payoff in states of the world when he expects to live longer (shorter) and marginal utility is high (low) than an asset with the opposite payoff schedule. In equilibrium, the first asset pays a lower expected return than the latter. Empirical evidence supports the model. Out-of-sample evidence suggests that a strategy, which loads on uncertainty in the death rate, pays a positive unexplained return according to traditional market models.
Book Synopsis Evaluating Asset Pricing Models with Limited Commitment Using Household Consumption Data by : Dirk Krueger
Download or read book Evaluating Asset Pricing Models with Limited Commitment Using Household Consumption Data written by Dirk Krueger and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We evaluate the asset pricing implications of a class of models in which risk sharing is imperfect because of limited enforcement of intertemporal contracts. Lustig (2004) has shown that in such a model the asset pricing kernel can be written as a simple function of the aggregate consumption growth rate and the growth rate of consumption of the set of households that do not face binding enforcement constraints. These unconstrained households have lower consumption growth rates than all other households in the economy. We use household data on consumption growth from the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey to identify unconstrained households, to estimate the pricing kernel implied by these models and evaluate their performance in pricing aggregate risk. We find that for high values of the relative risk aversion coefficient, the limited enforcement pricing kernel generates a market price of risk that is substantially closer to the data than the one obtained using the standard complete markets asset pricing kernel.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Finance by : Cheng-Few Lee
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Finance written by Cheng-Few Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-27 with total page 861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a major new reference work covering all aspects of finance. Coverage includes finance (financial management, security analysis, portfolio management, financial markets and instruments, insurance, real estate, options and futures, international finance) and statistical applications in finance (applications in portfolio analysis, option pricing models and financial research). The project is designed to attract both an academic and professional market. It also has an international approach to ensure its maximum appeal. The Editors' wish is that the readers will find the encyclopedia to be an invaluable resource.
Book Synopsis Asset Pricing at the Millenium by : John Y. Campbell
Download or read book Asset Pricing at the Millenium written by John Y. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumption-Based Asset Pricing by : Baptiste Truchot
Download or read book Consumption-Based Asset Pricing written by Baptiste Truchot and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equilibrium approach to asset pricing is born with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) of Sharpe ([Sha64]) and Lintner ([Lin65]), based on the works of Markowitz on diversification and portfolio theory ([Mar52], [Mar56]). Since then, most theoretical and empirical developments take place in a well established framework, the consumption-based paradigm. Though an integral part of modern macroeconomics, it has difficulties explaining stylized facts of asset pricing, at least in its canonical form. The most famous example is its inability to explain the high observed equity premia, or the “equity premium puzzle” as coined by Rajnish Mehra and Edward C. Prescott ([MP85]). We survey the empirical inconsistencies of the standard paradigm and the numerous extensions aiming at adressing those empirical shortcomings. The emphasis is on the heterogeneous consumption-based models. They constitute indeed a very promising line of research, both due to the relevance of the results and the theoretical appeal of the underlying assumptions. Moreover, the seminal reviews of the field devote little attention to these developments because, to a large extent, they appeared very recently. This report does not claim to be a comprehensive survey of this literature but an overview of the different approaches, their assumptions and their contributions, in the extended consumption-based paradigm.
Book Synopsis Valuation Risk and Asset Pricing by : Rui Albuquerque
Download or read book Valuation Risk and Asset Pricing written by Rui Albuquerque and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard representative-agent models have difficulty in accounting for the weak correlation between stock returns and measurable fundamentals, such as consumption and output growth. This failing underlies virtually all modern asset-pricing puzzles. The correlation puzzle arises because these models load all uncertainty onto the supply side of the economy. We propose a simple theory of asset pricing in which demand shocks play a central role. These shocks give rise to valuation risk that allows the model to account for key asset pricing moments, such as the equity premium, the bond term premium, and the weak correlation between stock returns and fundamentals.
Book Synopsis The Equity Premium Puzzle by : Pablo Fernandez
Download or read book The Equity Premium Puzzle written by Pablo Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mehra and Prescott (1985) argued that, according to sensible asset pricing models, stocks should provide at most a 0.35% premium over bills. However, companies use higher equity premia (average around 6%) for evaluating their investment projects, professors use in class and in their textbooks higher equity premia (average around 6%, range from 3 to 10%) and investors use higher equity premia for valuing companies. The overall result is that equity prices are, on average, undervalued (and have been undervalued in the last decades) and, consequently, the measured ex-post equity premium (HEP) is also high.If the additional returns beyond the risk-free rate demanded by equity investors (ex-ante risk premia) and used in financial asset pricing models have been high, it is not a surprise that the ex-post risk premia (calculated with historical data) have been also high. If most investors use historical data to estimate the required and the expected equity premium, the undervaluation and the high ex-post risk premium are self fulfilling prophecies.
Book Synopsis Essays on Volatility Risk, Asset Returns and Consumption-based Asset Pricing by : Young Il Kim
Download or read book Essays on Volatility Risk, Asset Returns and Consumption-based Asset Pricing written by Young Il Kim and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: My dissertation addresses two main issues regarding asset returns: econometric modeling of asset returns in chapters 2 and 3 and puzzling features of the standard consumption-based asset pricing model (C-CAPM) in chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 2 develops a new theoretical derivation for the GARCH-skew-t model as a mixture distribution of normal and inverted-chi-square in order to represent the three important stylized facts of financial data: volatility clustering, skewness and thick-tails. The GARCH-skew-t is same as the GARCH-t model if the skewness parameter is shut-off. The GARCH-skew-t is applied to U.S. excess stock market returns, and the equity premium is computed based on the estimated model. It is shown that skewness and kurtosis can have significant effect on the equity premium and that with sufficiently negatively skewed distribution of the excess returns, a finite equity premium can be assured, contrary to the case of the Student t in which an infinite equity premium arises. Chapter 3 provides a new empirical guidance for modeling a skewed and thick-tailed error distribution along with GARCH effects based on the theoretical derivation for the GARCH-skew-t model and empirical findings on the Realized Volatility (RV) measure, constructed from the summation of higher frequency squared (demeaned) returns. Based on an 80-year sample of U.S. daily stock market returns, it is found that the distribution of monthly RV conditional on past returns is approximately the inverted-chi-square while monthly market returns, conditional on RV and past returns are normally distributed with RV in both mean and variance. These empirical findings serve as the building blocks underlying the GARCH-skew-t model. Thus, the findings provide a new empirical justification for the GARCH-skew-t modeling of equity returns. Moreover, the implied GARCH-skew-t model accurately represents the three important stylized facts for equity returns. Chapter 4 provides a possible solution to asset return puzzles such as high equity premium and low riskfree rate based on parameter uncertainty. It is shown that parameter uncertainty underlying the data generating process can lead to a negatively skewed and thick-tailed distribution that can explain most of the high equity premium and low riskfree rate even with the degree of risk aversion below 10 in the CRRA utility function. Chapter 5 investigates a possible link between stock market volatility and macroeconomic risk. This chapter studies why U.S. stock market volatility has not changed much during the "great moderation" era of the 1980s in contrast to the prediction made by the standard C-CAPM. A new model is developed such that aggregate consumption is decomposed into stock and non-stock source of income so that stock dividends are a small part of consumption. This new model predicts that the great moderation of macroeconomic risk must have originated from declining volatility of shocks to the relatively large non-stock factor of production while shocks to the relatively small stock assets have been persistently volatile during the moderation era. Furthermore, the model shows that the systematic risk of holding equity is positively associated with the stock share of total wealth.
Book Synopsis Asset Pricing with Incomplete Information Under Stable Shocks by : Prasad V. Bidarkota
Download or read book Asset Pricing with Incomplete Information Under Stable Shocks written by Prasad V. Bidarkota and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study a consumption based asset pricing model with incomplete information and alpha-stable shocks. Incomplete information leads to a non-Gaussian filtering problem. Bayesian updating generates fluctuating confidence in the agents' estimate of the persistent component of the dividends' growth rate. Similar results are obtained with alternate distributions exhibiting fat tails (Extreme Value distribution, Pearson Type IV distribution) while they are not with a thin-tail distribution (Binomial distribution). This has the potential to generate time variation in the volatility of model-implied returns, without relying on discrete shifts in the drift rate of dividend growth rates. A test of the model using US consumption data indicates strong support in the sense that the implied returns display significant volatility persistence of a magnitude comparable to that in the data.
