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Climate And Ocean Variability Reconstructed From Stable Isotop Records Of Modern Subtropical Corals Northern Red Sea
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Book Synopsis Climate and ocean variability reconstructed from stable isotop records of modern subtropical corals (northern red sea) by : T. Felis
Download or read book Climate and ocean variability reconstructed from stable isotop records of modern subtropical corals (northern red sea) written by T. Felis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate and Ocean Variability Reconstructed from Stable Isotope Records of Modern Subtropical Corals by : Thomas Felis
Download or read book Climate and Ocean Variability Reconstructed from Stable Isotope Records of Modern Subtropical Corals written by Thomas Felis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Centennial-scale Elemental and Isotopic Variability in the Tropical and Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean by : Matthew Kindt Reuer
Download or read book Centennial-scale Elemental and Isotopic Variability in the Tropical and Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean written by Matthew Kindt Reuer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) With the appropriate corrections and minimal concomitants, MC-ICP-MS can reliably determine 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb ratios of marine carbonates and seawater. Anthropogenic lead represents a promising transient oceanographic tracer, and its historical isotopic and elemental North Atlantic variability have been documented by proxy reconstructions and seawater observations. Two high-resolution surface coral and seawater time series from the western North Atlantic are presented, demonstrating past variability consistent with upper ocean observations. The elemental reconstruction suggests the primary lead transient was advected to the western North Atlantic from 1955 to 1968, with an inferred maximum lead concentration of 205 pmol kg-1 in 1971. The mean 1999 North Atlantic seawater concentration (38 pmol kg-1) is equivalent to 1905, several decades prior to the initial consumption of leaded gasoline in the United States. A 206Pb/207Pb transient from 1968 to 1990 is also observed, lagging the elemental transient by ten years. The provenance of this isotopic record is distinct from Arctic and European ice core observations and supports a 40% ...
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs by : David Hopley
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs written by David Hopley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs and Climate Change by : Jonathan Turnbull Phinney
Download or read book Coral Reefs and Climate Change written by Jonathan Turnbull Phinney and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs of the Red Sea by : Christian R. Voolstra
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Christian R. Voolstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete review and reference work for scientists, engineers, and students concerned with coral reefs in the Red Sea. It provides an up-to-date review on the geology, ecology, and physiology of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea, including data from most recent molecular studies. The Red Sea harbours a set of unique ecological characteristics, such as high temperature, high alkalinity, and high salinity, in a quasi-isolated environment. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study and understand adaptation in regard to the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This book can be used as a general reference, guide, or textbook.
Book Synopsis Coral Records of Central Tropical Pacific Sea-surface Temperature and Salinity Variability Over the 20th Century by : Intan Suci Nurhati
Download or read book Coral Records of Central Tropical Pacific Sea-surface Temperature and Salinity Variability Over the 20th Century written by Intan Suci Nurhati and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate forecasts of future regional temperature and rainfall patterns in many regions largely depend on characterizing anthropogenic trends in tropical Pacific climate. However, strong interannual to decadal-scale tropical Pacific climate variability, combined with sparse spatial and temporal coverage of instrumental climate datasets in this region, have obscured potential anthropogenic climate signals in the tropical Pacific. In this dissertation, I present sea-surface temperature (SST) and salinity proxy records that span over the 20th century using living corals from several islands in the central tropical Pacific. I reconstruct the SST proxy records via coral Sr/Ca, that are combined with coral oxygen isotopic (d18O) records to quantify changes in seawater d18O (hereafter d18Osw) as a proxy for salinity. Chapter 2 investigates the spatial and temporal character of SST and d18Osw-based salinity trends in the central tropical Pacific from 1972-1998, as revealed by corals from Palmyra (6°N, 162°W), Fanning (4°N, 159°W) and Christmas (2°N, 157°W) Islands. The late 20th century SST proxy records exhibit warming trends that are larger towards the equator, in line with a weakening of equatorial Pacific upwelling over this period. Freshening trends revealed by the salinity proxy records are larger at those sites most affected by the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), suggesting a strengthening and/or an equatorward shift of the ITCZ. Taken together, the late 20th century SST and salinity proxy records document warming and freshening trends that are consistent with a trend towards a weakened tropical Pacific zonal SST gradient under continued anthropogenic forcing. Chapter 3 characterizes the signatures of natural and anthropogenic variability in central tropical Pacific SST and d18Osw-based salinity over the course of 20th century using century-long coral proxy records from Palmyra. On interannual timescales, the SST proxy record from Palmyra tracks El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. The salinity proxy record tracks eastern Pacific-centered ENSO events but is poorly correlated to central Pacific-centered ENSO events - the result of profound differences in precipitation and ocean advection that occur during the two types of ENSO. On decadal timescales, the coral SST proxy record is significantly correlated to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), suggesting that strong dynamical links exist between the central tropical Pacific and the North Pacific. The salinity proxy record is significantly correlated to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), but poorly correlated to the NPGO, suggesting that, as was the case with ENSO, these two modes of Pacific decadal climate variability have unique impacts on equatorial precipitation and ocean advection. However, the most striking feature of the salinity proxy record is a prominent late 20th century freshening trend that is likely related to anthropogenic climate change. Taken together, the coral data provide key constraints on tropical Pacific climate trends, and when used in combination with model simulations of 21st century climate, can be used to improve projections of regional climate in areas affected by tropical Pacific climate variability.
Book Synopsis Coral-based Climate Reconstructions in the Central Subtropical North Pacific During the Marine Isotope Stage 11 to 10 Transition by : Andrew Rothwell
Download or read book Coral-based Climate Reconstructions in the Central Subtropical North Pacific During the Marine Isotope Stage 11 to 10 Transition written by Andrew Rothwell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Historical Climate Variability Reconstructed from Massive Coral Records in the Western Indian Ocean by : Jean Vincent Arnaud Nicolas
Download or read book Historical Climate Variability Reconstructed from Massive Coral Records in the Western Indian Ocean written by Jean Vincent Arnaud Nicolas and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coral Records of Ocean-atmosphere Variability by : R. B. Dunbar
Download or read book Coral Records of Ocean-atmosphere Variability written by R. B. Dunbar and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Paleoclimatic Reconstructions of the Northern Red Sea During the Holocene Interfered from Stable Isotope Records of Modern and Fossil Corals and Molluscs by : Yaser Ahmed Moustafa
Download or read book Paleoclimatic Reconstructions of the Northern Red Sea During the Holocene Interfered from Stable Isotope Records of Modern and Fossil Corals and Molluscs written by Yaser Ahmed Moustafa and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Northern North Atlantic by : Priska Schäfer
Download or read book The Northern North Atlantic written by Priska Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The northern North Atlantic is one of the regions most sensitive to past and present global changes. This book integrates the results of an interdisciplinary project studying the properties of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas and the processes of pelagic and benthic particle formation, particle transport, and deposition in the deep-sea sediments. Ice-related and biogeochemical processes have been investigated to decipher the spatial and temporal variability of the production and fate of organic carbon in this region. Isotopic stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages and paleotemperatures are combined to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions and to model past climatic changes in the Late Quaternary. The Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas can now be considered one of the best studied subbasins of the world`s oceans.
Book Synopsis Geochemical Signatures in the Coral Montastraea by : Jennifer Mae Smith
Download or read book Geochemical Signatures in the Coral Montastraea written by Jennifer Mae Smith and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: In the first phase of this project, four decades of monthly resolved geochemical variations from two massive heads of Montastraea were used to explore the reproducibility of the geochemical signal in these two corals from Looe Key, Florida. The coral d18O and d13C records of the two corals have statistically indistinguishable mean values, which is not the case for the coral Sr/Ca records implying that nonenvironmental factors are influencing coral Sr/Ca. Calibration equations relating coral geochemistry variations to environmental variations at Looe Key are different from previously published equations for Montastraea. These calibration differences are not related to growth-related kinetic effects, but may reflect variations in seawater chemistry in the coastal waters of the Florida Keys. Additional studies are needed to identify the causes of the observed geochemical variability. In the second phase of this study, fourteen decades of monthly resolved geochemical variations in another Montastraea coral from Looe Key, Florida were compared to records of sea-surface temperature (SST). Coral Sr/Ca and d18O variations have a weak relationship with variations in SST and skeletal extension rates; however, many events in the Sr/Ca and d18O records are coincident with anomalies in SST, growth, or precipitation. Strong coupling exists between Sr/Ca and d18O in both anomaly and mean annual perspectives, which reflects the combined influence of SST and growth related processes on the geochemical signal. Separating these impacts proved to be problematic due to modest agreements with each forcing variable. In the final phase of this study, geochemical records from three, mid-Holocene(~5 ka) fossil Montastraea corals from the Dry Tortugas, Florida were compared with geochemical records from modern Montastraea corals from the same region to investigate temporal changes in climate. Stable isotopic records show significant changes through time, which can be interpreted in terms of environmental variation; however, large inter-coral variability between modern specimens of Montastraea precludes meaningful assessment of Sr/Ca. The pattern and mean d18O values in the fossil corals reflects changes in both temperature and salinity are reminiscent of centennial-scale variability present in other records from this region.
Book Synopsis Proxy Records of the Indonesian Low and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from Stable Isotope Measurements of Indonesian Reef Corals by : Michael Donald Moore
Download or read book Proxy Records of the Indonesian Low and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from Stable Isotope Measurements of Indonesian Reef Corals written by Michael Donald Moore and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs by : Clive R. Wilkinson
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs written by Clive R. Wilkinson and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1994 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global overview of the potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise on coral reefs, and of the implications of such impacts for ecological sustainable use of coral reefs. Includes information on the status and trends of reef conservation and use around the world, and suggestions for management of reefs in a changing world.
Book Synopsis Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability in Coral and Instrumental Records, with a Focus on the Western Indian Ocean by : David Ericsson Hunter
Download or read book Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability in Coral and Instrumental Records, with a Focus on the Western Indian Ocean written by David Ericsson Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Signatures in Corals of the Tropical-temperate Transition Zone (late Miocene, Crete, Greece) by : Markus Reuter
Download or read book Climate Signatures in Corals of the Tropical-temperate Transition Zone (late Miocene, Crete, Greece) written by Markus Reuter and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
