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Cement Clinker Characterization By Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Book Synopsis Cement Clinker Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy by : PE. Stutzman
Download or read book Cement Clinker Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy written by PE. Stutzman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important instrument for the study of portland cement clinker, cement, and concrete. Images of clinker surface topography are used to study particle size and shape, as well as fracture surface features. Microstructural features such as phase distribution and abundance are obtained by imaging polished surfaces. X-ray microanalysis provides qualitative and quantitative elemental composition and images of element distribution. Computer-based image analysis systems are used to process microscope images to enhance details (such as the separation of individual phases) and image analysis for the measurement of features (such as phase abundance). The linking of the SEM with X-ray microanalysis and image analysis under computer control will provide automated, quantitative, and consistent analysis of portland cement clinker.
Book Synopsis Applications of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Cement and Concrete Petrography by : PE. Stutzman
Download or read book Applications of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Cement and Concrete Petrography written by PE. Stutzman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its high resolution and analytic capabilities, scanning electron microscopy with image analysis provides several advantages in cement and concrete petrography. When combined with computer-based image analysis, scanning electron microscopy generates quantifiable images using its imaging capabilities of phase composition, its ability to image imaging element spatial distribution, and its chemical analysis capabilities. Applications of scanning electron microscopy in petrography of cementitious materials is illustrated by analyses of clinker, cement, and concrete microstructures, and in the characterization of concretes damaged by alkali-silica and sulfate attack.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Imaging of Clinker and Cement Microstructure by : Paul E. Stutzman
Download or read book Quantitative Imaging of Clinker and Cement Microstructure written by Paul E. Stutzman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: e combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray microanalysis and image processing provides a powerful ability to image and quantify microstructural features of construction materials. is document provides guidance for collecting backsca ered electron images and X-ray element maps of polished sections of Portland cement clinker. It furnishes step-by-step procedures for processing image data to produce segmentation of an image eld into its constituent mineral phases, and describes ways use the segmented image to measure the abundance, surface area, and spatial distribution of phases in the image eld. Inherent heterogeneity of the microstructure implies that di erent image elds of the same material will contain di erent phase abundances; the document suggests ways to estimate and compensate for the heterogeneity length scale through statistical analysis of multiple image elds. and analysis using a scanning electron microscope will be illustrated using an example from the development of Standard Reference Materials for portland cement clinker.
Book Synopsis Petrography of Cementitious Materials by : Sharon M. DeHayes
Download or read book Petrography of Cementitious Materials written by Sharon M. DeHayes and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1994 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Certification of Standard Reference Material SRM2687a by : Paul Stutzman
Download or read book Certification of Standard Reference Material SRM2687a written by Paul Stutzman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new Standard Reference Material (SRM) for portland cement clinker has been produced for the Office of Standard Reference Materials at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The SRM clinkers are intended for use in developing and testing quantitative methods of phase analysis for portland cement and cement clinker. The new SRM is one of three clinkers available from NIST representing the range of textures and compositions of North American clinker production. As the original SRM stock for SRM2687 has been depleted, new material was obtained that retained the fine-grained texture of that SRM. Certification of the phase composition of the clinker is based upon consensus means and uncertainties of two independent analytical methods: scanning electron microscopy with image analysis and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses. The XRD data were subdivided to provide two separate sample sets and were processed by two different Rietveld refinement codes. These codes differed slightly in the determination of the silicate phases, which have very similar powder diffraction patterns and can be difficult to decompose. Therefore, the input data set for determination of the consensus means, uncertainties and informational values is composed of two distinct XRD data sets and one SEM/image analysis data set. The XRD data are close to that determined by microscopy, but some distinct differences are seen. The disagreements may reflect the difficulty in resolving the fine-sized aluminate and ferrite interstitial phases using the microscope and challenges in decomposing highly overlapped powder diffraction data. The XRD data do display greater precision than replicate measurements by microscopy, likely the result of the specimen homogenization resulting from grinding the clinker to a powder. The certified reference values are consensus values, calcuated by combining the results from both measurement techniques using the DerSimonian-Laird method with the standard un
Book Synopsis Handbook of Sample Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis by : Patrick Echlin
Download or read book Handbook of Sample Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis written by Patrick Echlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning electr on microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis can produce magnified images and in situ chemical information from virtually any type of specimen. The two instruments generally operate in a high vacuum and a very dry environment in order to produce the high energy beam of electrons needed for imaging and analysis. With a few notable exceptions, most specimens destined for study in the SEM are poor conductors and composed of beam sensitive light elements containing variable amounts of water. In the SEM, the imaging system depends on the specimen being sufficiently electrically conductive to ensure that the bulk of the incoming electrons go to ground. The formation of the image depends on collecting the different signals that are scattered as a consequence of the high energy beam interacting with the sample. Backscattered electrons and secondary electrons are generated within the primary beam-sample interactive volume and are the two principal signals used to form images. The backscattered electron coefficient ( ? ) increases with increasing atomic number of the specimen, whereas the secondary electron coefficient ( ? ) is relatively insensitive to atomic number. This fundamental diff- ence in the two signals can have an important effect on the way samples may need to be prepared. The analytical system depends on collecting the x-ray photons that are generated within the sample as a consequence of interaction with the same high energy beam of primary electrons used to produce images.
Book Synopsis NIST Building & Fire Research Laboratory Publications by :
Download or read book NIST Building & Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Microstructural Analysis of Hydrated Cement Using Scanning Electron Microscopy by : C. S. Cahill
Download or read book A Microstructural Analysis of Hydrated Cement Using Scanning Electron Microscopy written by C. S. Cahill and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :G.E. Christidis Publisher :The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland ISBN 13 :0903056283 Total Pages :508 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (3 download)
Book Synopsis Advances in the Characterization of Industrial Minerals by : G.E. Christidis
Download or read book Advances in the Characterization of Industrial Minerals written by G.E. Christidis and published by The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement of human civilization has been intimately associated with the exploitation of raw materials. In fact the distinction of the main historical eras is based on the type of raw materials used. Hence, passage from the Paleolithic and Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age is characterized by the introduction of basic metals mainly copper, zinc and tin in human activities; the Iron Age is marked by the use of iron as the predominant metal. The use of metals has increased and culminated with the industrial revolution in the mid-eighteenth century, which marked the onset of the industrial age in the western world. Since then the importance of metals has gradually been surpassed by industrial minerals in the industrialized countries. Industrial minerals are raw materials used by industry for their physical and/or chemical properties. Characterization of industrial minerals is important for their assessment and can be demanding and often complicated. This new volume, co-published by the European Mineralogical Union and the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland, is based on papers presented at an EMU-Erasmus IP School which was held in the Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece. The aim of the School was to describe advances in some of the analytical methods used to characterize industrial minerals and to propose additional methods which are currently not used for this purpose.
Book Synopsis Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cement and Concrete by : Nicholas B. Winter
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cement and Concrete written by Nicholas B. Winter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microstructural Study of Hardened Cement Paste by Backscatter Scanning Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis by : Yuting Wang
Download or read book Microstructural Study of Hardened Cement Paste by Backscatter Scanning Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis written by Yuting Wang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characterization of the microstructure of a material should include two aspects: the identification of the microstructural elements in the material, and the quantitative characterization of these microstructural elements. In this research. the microstructure of hardened cement paste (hcp) was studied using BEI on polished surfaces coupled with image analysis. The microstructural elements evaluated included (a) pores detectable at the magnifications used, (b) CH crystals, (c) residual unhydrated cement particles, (d) hydrated phenograins, consisting of both hydration shells and fully hydrated cement grains, (e) combined phenograins, i.e. (c) and (d) combined as they occur in individual features, and (f) the C-S-H in the groundmass. The quantitative analyses assayed include both area fraction measurement and geometrical measurement of individual features. The latter provides information on size., shape, size distribution and mutual arrangement of the these individual features. Various hcps were investigated to quantitatively elucidate the effects of w:c ratio, age, and the incorporation of superplasticizer and silica fume on hcp microstructure. It was found that quantitative image analysis of hcp can yield interesting. and sometimes unexpected insights into the microstructure of hcp. The incorporation of superplasticizer and the incorporation of both superplasticizer and silica fume showed very strong effects on the hcp microstructure. On the other hand silica fume alone did not show strong effects. In another portion of this research, the fractal dimension characteristic of the pore system of hcp was investigated using an image analysis technique. It was found that the detectable pore system in cement pastes shows two fractal regimes: a structural fractal dimension exhibited at low resolution (Ds = 1.08 ~ 1.15) and a textural fractal dimension exhibited at higher resolution (Dt = 1.22 ~ 1.49). Finally, using a stereoscopic SEM method, it was found that the fracture surface of cement pastes shows two distinct fractal regimes: a structural fractal regime at low magnifications descriptive of the gross structural irregularities, and a textural fractal at high magnifications descriptive of the textural details of the fracture surface. The structural fractal and the textural fractal seem to have universal values of 2.02 and 2.12 respectively.
Book Synopsis Cementitious Materials by : Herbert Pöllmann
Download or read book Cementitious Materials written by Herbert Pöllmann and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aside from water the materials which are used by mankind in highest quantities arecementitious materials and concrete. This book shows how the quality of the technical product depends on mineral phases and their reactions during the hydration and strengthening process. Additives and admixtures infl uence the course of hydration and the properties. Options of reducing the CO2-production in cementitious materials are presented and numerous examples of unhydrous and hydrous phases and their formation conditions are discussed. This editorial work consists of four parts including cement composition and hydration, Special cement and binder mineral phases, Cementitious and binder materials, and Measurement and properties. Every part contains different contributions and covers a broad range within the area. Contents Part I: Cement composition and hydration Diffraction and crystallography applied to anhydrous cements Diffraction and crystallography applied to hydrating cements Synthesis of highly reactive pure cement phases Thermodynamic modelling of cement hydration: Portland cements – blended cements – calcium sulfoaluminate cements Part II: Special cement and binder mineral phases Role of hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides in delayed pozzolanic reactions and their bearing on mortar dating Setting control of CAC by substituted acetic acids and crystal structures of their calcium salts Crystallography and crystal chemistry of AFm phases related to cement chemistry Part III: Cementitious and binder materials Chemistry, design and application of hybrid alkali activated binders Binding materials based on calcium sulphates Magnesia building material (Sorel cement) – from basics to application New CO2-reduced cementitious systems Composition and properties of ternary binders Part IV: Measurement and properties Characterization of microstructural properties of Portland cements by analytical scanning electron microscopy Correlating XRD data with technological properties No cement production without refractories
Book Synopsis Building and Fire Research Laboratory Publications by : Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Download or read book Building and Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ASTM Special Technical Publication by :
Download or read book ASTM Special Technical Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microscopy and Image Analysis of Building Materials, Espoo, Finland, 24.1.1992 by : Paula Raivio
Download or read book Microscopy and Image Analysis of Building Materials, Espoo, Finland, 24.1.1992 written by Paula Raivio and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Beginners' Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy by : Anwar Ul-Hamid
Download or read book A Beginners' Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Anwar Ul-Hamid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was developed with the goal of providing an easily understood text for those users of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) who have little or no background in the area. The SEM is routinely used to study the surface structure and chemistry of a wide range of biological and synthetic materials at the micrometer to nanometer scale. Ease-of-use, typically facile sample preparation, and straightforward image interpretation, combined with high resolution, high depth of field, and the ability to undertake microchemical and crystallographic analysis, has made scanning electron microscopy one of the most powerful and versatile techniques for characterization today. Indeed, the SEM is a vital tool for the characterization of nanostructured materials and the development of nanotechnology. However, its wide use by professionals with diverse technical backgrounds—including life science, materials science, engineering, forensics, mineralogy, etc., and in various sectors of government, industry, and academia—emphasizes the need for an introductory text providing the basics of effective SEM imaging.A Beginners’ Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy explains instrumentation, operation, image interpretation and sample preparation in a wide ranging yet succinct and practical text, treating the essential theory of specimen-beam interaction and image formation in a manner that can be effortlessly comprehended by the novice SEM user. This book provides a concise and accessible introduction to the essentials of SEM includes a large number of illustrations specifically chosen to aid readers' understanding of key concepts highlights recent advances in instrumentation, imaging and sample preparation techniques offers examples drawn from a variety of applications that appeal to professionals from diverse backgrounds.
