Canis Sapiens Unveiled: A Dog’s Struggle for Acceptance and Equality

Download Canis Sapiens Unveiled: A Dog’s Struggle for Acceptance and Equality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elton Gahr
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Canis Sapiens Unveiled: A Dog’s Struggle for Acceptance and Equality by : Elton Gahr

Download or read book Canis Sapiens Unveiled: A Dog’s Struggle for Acceptance and Equality written by Elton Gahr and published by Elton Gahr. This book was released on 2024-01-06 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dog who has been made as intelligent as a human seeks to have the same rights as anyone else.

Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior

Download Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642539947
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior by : Alexandra Horowitz

Download or read book Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior written by Alexandra Horowitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the state of the field in the new, provocative line of research into the cognition and behavior of the domestic dog. Eleven chapters from leading researchers describe innovative methods from comparative psychology, ethology and behavioral biology, which are combined to create a more comprehensive picture of the behavior of Canis familiaris than ever before. Each of the book’s three parts highlights one of the perspectives relevant to providing a full understanding of the dog. Part I covers the perceptual abilities of dogs and the effect of interbreeding. Part II includes observational and experimental results from studies of social cognition – such as learning and social referencing – and physical cognition in canids, while Part III summarizes the work in the field to date, reviewing various conceptual and methodological approaches and testing anthropomorphisms with regard to dogs. The final chapter discusses the practical application of behavioral and cognitive results to promote animal welfare. This volume reflects a modern shift in science toward considering and studying domestic dogs for their own sake, not only insofar as they reflect back on human beings.

Albion's Seed

Download Albion's Seed PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019974369X
Total Pages : 981 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Albion's Seed by : David Hackett Fischer

Download or read book Albion's Seed written by David Hackett Fischer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1991-03-14 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating book is the first volume in a projected cultural history of the United States, from the earliest English settlements to our own time. It is a history of American folkways as they have changed through time, and it argues a thesis about the importance for the United States of having been British in its cultural origins. While most people in the United States today have no British ancestors, they have assimilated regional cultures which were created by British colonists, even while preserving ethnic identities at the same time. In this sense, nearly all Americans are "Albion's Seed," no matter what their ethnicity may be. The concluding section of this remarkable book explores the ways that regional cultures have continued to dominate national politics from 1789 to 1988, and still help to shape attitudes toward education, government, gender, and violence, on which differences between American regions are greater than between European nations.

Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition

Download Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019964666X
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition by : Ádám Miklósi

Download or read book Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition written by Ádám Miklósi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive update to the first monograph on dog behaviour, evolution and cognition.

Blindsight

Download Blindsight PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 1429955198
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Blindsight by : Peter Watts

Download or read book Blindsight written by Peter Watts and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hugo and Shirley Jackson award-winning Peter Watts stands on the cutting edge of hard SF with his acclaimed novel, Blindsight Two months since the stars fell... Two months of silence, while a world held its breath. Now some half-derelict space probe, sparking fitfully past Neptune's orbit, hears a whisper from the edge of the solar system: a faint signal sweeping the cosmos like a lighthouse beam. Whatever's out there isn't talking to us. It's talking to some distant star, perhaps. Or perhaps to something closer, something en route. So who do you send to force introductions with unknown and unknowable alien intellect that doesn't wish to be met? You send a linguist with multiple personalities, her brain surgically partitioned into separate, sentient processing cores. You send a biologist so radically interfaced with machinery that he sees x-rays and tastes ultrasound. You send a pacifist warrior in the faint hope she won't be needed. You send a monster to command them all, an extinct hominid predator once called vampire, recalled from the grave with the voodoo of recombinant genetics and the blood of sociopaths. And you send a synthesist—an informational topologist with half his mind gone—as an interface between here and there. Pray they can be trusted with the fate of a world. They may be more alien than the thing they've been sent to find. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Dog behaviour

Download Dog behaviour PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176850722
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dog behaviour by : Ann-Sofie Sundman

Download or read book Dog behaviour written by Ann-Sofie Sundman and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-17 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dogs, Canis familiaris, share the lives of humans all over the world. That dogs, and the behavior of dogs, are of interest to many is therefore no surprise. In this thesis, the main aim has been to identify factors that affect dogs’ behaviours. The dog, Canis familiaris, is our first domesticated animal. Since domestication, various types of dogs have developed through adaptation to an environment shared with humans and through our selective breeding, resulting in a unique variation in morphology and behaviour. Although there is an individual variation in the behaviour of dogs, there is also a difference between breeds. Moreover, selection during the last decades has split some breeds into divergent types. Labrador and golden retrievers are divided into a common type, for show and companionship, and a field type, for hunting. By comparing the breed types, we can study the effects of recent selection. In Paper I, we investigate differences in general behavioural traits between Labrador and golden retriever and between common and field type within the two breeds by using results from the standardized behaviour test Dog Mentality Assessment. There were differences between breeds and types for all behavioural traits. However, there was also an interaction between breed and type. Thus, a common/field-type Labrador does not behave like a common/field-type golden retriever. Even though they have been selected for similar traits, the selection has affected the general behavioural traits differently in the two breeds. In paper II, we were interested in dogs’ human-directed social skills. Dogs have a high social competence when it comes to humans. Two experiments commonly used to study these skills are the problem-solving test, where dogs’ human-directed behaviours when faced with a problem are measured, and the pointing test, where dogs are tested on how well they understand human gestures. We compared the social skills of German shepherds and Labrador retrievers, and of common- and field-type Labradors. Labradors were more successful in the pointing test and German shepherds stayed closer to their owners during the problem solving. Among Labrador types, the field type had more human eye contact than the common type. Importantly, when comparing the two experiments, we found no positive correlations between the problem-solving test and the pointing test, suggesting that the two tests measure different aspects of human-directed social behaviour in dogs. A previous study has identified two suggestive genetic regions for human-directed social behaviours during the problem-solving test in beagles. In paper III, we show that these SNPs are also associated to social behaviours in Labrador and golden retrievers. Moreover, the Labrador breed types differed significantly in allele frequencies. This indicates that the two SNPs have been affected by recent selection and may have a part in the differences in sociability between common and field type. The behaviour of dogs cannot simply be explained by genetics, there is also an environmental component. In paper IV, we study which factors that affect long-term stress in dogs. Long-term cortisol can be measured by hair samples. We found a clear synchronization in hair cortisol concentrations between dogs and their owners. Neither dogs’ activity levels nor their behavioural traits affected the cortisol, however, the personality of the owners did. Therefore, we suggest that dogs mirror the stress level of their owners. The mediator between genes and the environment is epigenetics, and one epigenetic factor is DNA methylation. In paper V, we compared methylation patterns of wolves and dogs as well as dog breeds. Between both wolves and dogs and among dogs there were substantial differences in methylated DNA regions, suggesting that DNA methylation is likely to contribute to the vast variation among canines. We hypothesize that epigenetic factors have been important during domestication and in breed formation. In this thesis, I cover several aspects on how dogs’ behaviours can be affected, and paint an intricate picture on how genetics, epigenetics, and human-dog relations forms dog behaviour.

Reaching the Animal Mind

Download Reaching the Animal Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416546251
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reaching the Animal Mind by : Karen Pryor

Download or read book Reaching the Animal Mind written by Karen Pryor and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-06-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the founder of “clicker” training, the widely praised humane approach to shaping animal behavior, comes a fascinating book—part memoir, part insight into how animals and people think and behave. A celebrated pioneer in the field of no-punishment animal training, Karen Pryor is responsible for developing clicker training—an all-positive, safe, effective way to modify and shape animal behavior—and she has changed the lives of millions of animals. Practical, engrossing, and full of fascinating stories about Pryor’s interactions with animals of all sorts, Reaching the Animal Mind presents the sum total of her life’s work. She explains the science behind clicker training, how and why it works, and offers step-by-step instructions on how you can clicker-train any animal in your life. For bonus video clips, slide shows, articles, downloadable exercises, and links expanding on the contents of the book, go to ReachingtheAnimalMind.com.

When the Sparrow Falls

Download When the Sparrow Falls PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Tor Books
ISBN 13 : 1250784220
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis When the Sparrow Falls by : Neil Sharpson

Download or read book When the Sparrow Falls written by Neil Sharpson and published by Tor Books. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life in the Caspian Republic has taught Agent Nikolai South two rules. Trust No One. And work just hard enough not to make enemies. Here, in the last sanctuary for the dying embers of the human race in a world run by artificial intelligence, if you stray from the path—your life is forfeit. But when a Party propagandist is killed—and is discovered as a “machine”—he’s given a new mission: chaperone the widow, Lily, who has arrived to claim her husband’s remains. But when South sees that she, the first “machine” ever allowed into the country, bears an uncanny resemblance to his late wife, he’s thrown into a maelstrom of betrayal, murder, and conspiracy that may bring down the Republic for good. WHEN THE SPARROW FALLS illuminates authoritarianism, complicity, and identity in the digital age, in a page turning, darkly-funny, frightening and touching story that recalls Philip K. Dick, John le Carré and Kurt Vonnegut in equal measure. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Missouri Landscapes

Download Missouri Landscapes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Missouri Landscapes by : Jon L. Hawker

Download or read book Missouri Landscapes written by Jon L. Hawker and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this magnificent book, Oliver Schuchard provides more than sixty-five exquisite black-and-white photographs spanning his thirty-eight years of photography. In addition, he explains the aesthetic rationale and techniques he used in order to produce these photographs, emphasizing the profound differences between, yet necessary interdependence of, craft and content. Although Schuchard believes that craft is important, he maintains that the idea behind the photograph and the emotional content of the image are equally vital and are, in fact, functions of one another. The author also shares components of his life experience that he believes helped shape his development as an artist and a teacher. He chose the splendid photographs included in this book from among nearly 5,000 negatives that had been exposed all over the world, from Missouri to Maine, California, Alaska, Colorado, France, Newfoundland, and Hawaii, among many other locations. Approximately 250 negatives survived the initial review, and each of those was printed before a final decision was made on which photographs were to be featured in the book. The final choices are representative of Schuchard's work and serve to substantiate his belief that craft, concept, and self must be fully understood and carefully melded for a good photograph to occur. This amazing work by award-winning photographer Oliver Schuchard will be treasured by professional and amateur photographers alike, as well as by anyone who simply enjoys superb photography."--Publishers website.

Survival of the Friendliest

Download Survival of the Friendliest PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 0399590676
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Survival of the Friendliest by : Brian Hare

Download or read book Survival of the Friendliest written by Brian Hare and published by Random House. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful new theory of human nature suggests that our secret to success as a species is our unique friendliness “Brilliant, eye-opening, and absolutely inspiring—and a riveting read. Hare and Woods have written the perfect book for our time.”—Cass R. Sunstein, author of How Change Happens and co-author of Nudge For most of the approximately 300,000 years that Homo sapiens have existed, we have shared the planet with at least four other types of humans. All of these were smart, strong, and inventive. But around 50,000 years ago, Homo sapiens made a cognitive leap that gave us an edge over other species. What happened? Since Charles Darwin wrote about “evolutionary fitness,” the idea of fitness has been confused with physical strength, tactical brilliance, and aggression. In fact, what made us evolutionarily fit was a remarkable kind of friendliness, a virtuosic ability to coordinate and communicate with others that allowed us to achieve all the cultural and technical marvels in human history. Advancing what they call the “self-domestication theory,” Brian Hare, professor in the department of evolutionary anthropology and the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at Duke University and his wife, Vanessa Woods, a research scientist and award-winning journalist, shed light on the mysterious leap in human cognition that allowed Homo sapiens to thrive. But this gift for friendliness came at a cost. Just as a mother bear is most dangerous around her cubs, we are at our most dangerous when someone we love is threatened by an “outsider.” The threatening outsider is demoted to sub-human, fair game for our worst instincts. Hare’s groundbreaking research, developed in close coordination with Richard Wrangham and Michael Tomasello, giants in the field of cognitive evolution, reveals that the same traits that make us the most tolerant species on the planet also make us the cruelest. Survival of the Friendliest offers us a new way to look at our cultural as well as cognitive evolution and sends a clear message: In order to survive and even to flourish, we need to expand our definition of who belongs.

Chimpanzee Rights

Download Chimpanzee Rights PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429865619
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chimpanzee Rights by : Kristin Andrews

Download or read book Chimpanzee Rights written by Kristin Andrews and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2013, an organization called the Nonhuman Rights Project has brought before the New York State courts an unusual request—asking for habeas corpus hearings to determine whether Kiko and Tommy, two captive chimpanzees, should be considered legal persons with the fundamental right to bodily liberty. While the courts have agreed that chimpanzees share emotional, behavioural, and cognitive similarities with humans, they have denied that chimpanzees are persons on superficial and sometimes conflicting grounds. Consequently, Kiko and Tommy remain confined as legal "things" with no rights. The major moral and legal question remains unanswered: are chimpanzees mere "things", as the law currently sees them, or can they be "persons" possessing fundamental rights? In Chimpanzee Rights: The Philosophers’ Brief, a group of renowned philosophers considers these questions. Carefully and clearly, they examine the four lines of reasoning the courts have used to deny chimpanzee personhood: species, contract, community, and capacities. None of these, they argue, merits disqualifying chimpanzees from personhood. The authors conclude that when judges face the choice between seeing Kiko and Tommy as things and seeing them as persons—the only options under current law—they should conclude that Kiko and Tommy are persons who should therefore be protected from unlawful confinement "in keeping with the best philosophical standards of rational judgment and ethical standards of justice." Chimpanzee Rights: The Philosophers’ Brief—an extended version of the amicus brief submitted to the New York Court of Appeals in Kiko’s and Tommy’s cases—goes to the heart of fundamental issues concerning animal rights, personhood, and the question of human and nonhuman nature. It is essential reading for anyone interested in these issues.

Homo Deus

Download Homo Deus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062464353
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (624 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Homo Deus by : Yuval Noah Harari

Download or read book Homo Deus written by Yuval Noah Harari and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Official U.S. edition with full color illustrations throughout. NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER Yuval Noah Harari, author of the critically-acclaimed New York Times bestseller and international phenomenon Sapiens, returns with an equally original, compelling, and provocative book, turning his focus toward humanity’s future, and our quest to upgrade humans into gods. Over the past century humankind has managed to do the impossible and rein in famine, plague, and war. This may seem hard to accept, but, as Harari explains in his trademark style—thorough, yet riveting—famine, plague and war have been transformed from incomprehensible and uncontrollable forces of nature into manageable challenges. For the first time ever, more people die from eating too much than from eating too little; more people die from old age than from infectious diseases; and more people commit suicide than are killed by soldiers, terrorists and criminals put together. The average American is a thousand times more likely to die from binging at McDonalds than from being blown up by Al Qaeda. What then will replace famine, plague, and war at the top of the human agenda? As the self-made gods of planet earth, what destinies will we set ourselves, and which quests will we undertake? Homo Deus explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the twenty-first century—from overcoming death to creating artificial life. It asks the fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? And how will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? This is the next stage of evolution. This is Homo Deus. With the same insight and clarity that made Sapiens an international hit and a New York Times bestseller, Harari maps out our future.

The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition

Download The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110856125X
Total Pages : 1032 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition by : Allison B. Kaufman

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition written by Allison B. Kaufman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook lays out the science behind how animals think, remember, create, calculate, and remember. It provides concise overviews on major areas of study such as animal communication and language, memory and recall, social cognition, social learning and teaching, numerical and quantitative abilities, as well as innovation and problem solving. The chapters also explore more nuanced topics in greater detail, showing how the research was conducted and how it can be used for further study. The authors range from academics working in renowned university departments to those from research institutions and practitioners in zoos. The volume encompasses a wide variety of species, ensuring the breadth of the field is explored.

From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse

Download From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse by : Ursula Zinko

Download or read book From Guinea Pig to Computer Mouse written by Ursula Zinko and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Intelligence of Dogs

Download The Intelligence of Dogs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0743280873
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (432 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Intelligence of Dogs by : Stanley Coren

Download or read book The Intelligence of Dogs written by Stanley Coren and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2006-01-05 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining heroic stories of dogs with the latest scientific and psychological information, this book has provoked controversy with its lists that rank more than 100 breeds and its exciting new insights into the thoughts, emotions, and inner lives of dogs.

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

Download Medical and Veterinary Entomology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080919693
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical and Veterinary Entomology by : Gary R. Mullen

Download or read book Medical and Veterinary Entomology written by Gary R. Mullen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Second Edition, has been fully updated and revised to provide the latest information on developments in entomology relating to public health and veterinary importance. Each chapter is structured with the student in mind, organized by the major headings of Taxonomy, Morphology, Life History, Behavior and Ecology, Public Health and Veterinary Importance, and Prevention and Control. This second edition includes separate chapters devoted to each of the taxonomic groups of insects and arachnids of medical or veterinary concern, including spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks. Internationally recognized editors Mullen and Durden include extensive coverage of both medical and veterinary entomological importance. This book is designed for teaching and research faculty in medical and veterinary schools that provide a course in vector borne diseases and medical entomology; parasitologists, entomologists, and government scientists responsible for oversight and monitoring of insect vector borne diseases; and medical and veterinary school libraries and libraries at institutions with strong programs in entomology. Follows in the tradition of Herm's Medical and Veterinary Entomology The latest information on developments in entomology relating to public health and veterinary importance Two separate indexes for enhanced searchability: Taxonomic and Subject New to this edition: Three new chapters Morphological Adaptations of Parasitic Arthropods Forensic Entomology Molecular Tools in Medical and Veterinary Entomology 1700 word glossary Appendix of Arthropod-Related Viruses of Medical-Veterinary Importance Numerous new full-color images, illustrations and maps throughout

Carrots and Sticks

Download Carrots and Sticks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DARLINGTON PRESS
ISBN 13 : 1921364157
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (213 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carrots and Sticks by : Paul McGreevy

Download or read book Carrots and Sticks written by Paul McGreevy and published by DARLINGTON PRESS. This book was released on 2011 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever wondered how a sheepdog, police horse, leopard or octopus is trained? Carrots and Sticks brings behavioural science to life, explaining animal training techniques in the language of learning theory. The first sections on instinct and intelligence, rewards and punishers are richly infused with examples from current training practice, and establish the principles that are explored later in the unique case studies. Drawing on interviews with leading animal trainers, Carrots and Sticks offers 50 case studies that explore the step-by-step training of a wide variety of companion, working and exotic animals. It reviews the preparation of animals prior to training and common pitfalls encountered. The book's accessible style will challenge your preconceptions and simplify your approach to all animal-training challenges. This exciting text will prove invaluable to anyone with an interest, amateur or professional, in the general basics of animal training, as well as to students of psychology, veterinary medicine, agriculture and animal science.