Abrupt Climate Change During The Last Glacial Period

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Abrupt Climate Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133041
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.

Abrupt Climate Change During the Last Glacial Period

Author : Heather W. Hill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (146 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change During the Last Glacial Period by : Heather W. Hill

Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change During the Last Glacial Period written by Heather W. Hill and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Understanding the cause of abrupt climate change in the geologic past can help assess the potential magnitude and variability of future changes in regional and global climate. The research presented here focuses on some of the first records of hydrologic variability in the central North American continent during an interval of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (24-57 thousand years before present (ka)). Sediment core MD02-2551 from the Orca Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico, is used to document the first detailed melting history of the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during MIS 3, and to record terrestrial inputs from the Mississippi River related to changes in evaporation-precipitation over the mid-continent, from 28-45 ka. Paired measurements of oxygen isotopes and Mg/Ca-SST on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (pink) are used to calculate the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater and test one of the key hypotheses for abrupt climate change. Five intervals of freshwater input from 28-45 ka do not match the abrupt Dansgaard-Oeschger temperature oscillations recorded in Greenland ice. Rather, summer melting of the LIS may have occurred during Antarctic warming and likely contributed to sea-level variability during MIS 3. A detailed assessment over one of the meltwater events, using the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of G. ruber and the deeper dwelling Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, demonstrate that meltwater was confined to the surface layers and likely had an impact on the biological pump in the Gulf of Mexico. A similar oxygen isotopic composition of seawater record determined from the year-round white G. ruber suggests that melting was not limited to the warmest summer months. The timing of LIS meltwater input is decoupled from an interval of enhanced wet conditions over the North American continent and increased Mississippi River discharge, as shown by a suite of organic and sedimentologic proxies. Increasing summer insolation on the orbital scale may have led to a northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and an intensification and westward shift in the conical position of the Bermuda High, which shuttles moisture to the North American continent and contributes to flooding in the Mississippi River drainage basin.

The Ecology of Abrupt Climate Changes During the Last Glacial Period

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Abrupt Climate Changes During the Last Glacial Period by :

Download or read book The Ecology of Abrupt Climate Changes During the Last Glacial Period written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Great Ice Age

Author : R. C. L. Wilson
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415198417
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (984 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Ice Age by : R. C. L. Wilson

Download or read book The Great Ice Age written by R. C. L. Wilson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data. One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.

Abrupt Climate Change

Author : Harunur Rashid
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111867152X
Total Pages : 669 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : Harunur Rashid

Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by Harunur Rashid and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 193. Abrupt Climate Change: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Impacts brings together a diverse group of paleoproxy records such as ice cores, marine sediments, terrestrial (lakes and speleothems) archives, and coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models to document recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of abrupt climate changes. Since the discovery of the Dansgaard-Oeschger events in Greenland ice cores and the subsequent discovery of their contemporary events in the marine sediments of the North Atlantic, the search for these abrupt, millennial-scale events across the globe has intensified, and as a result, the number of paleoclimatic records chronicling such events has increased. The volume highlights include discussions of records of past climate variability, meridional overturning circulation, land-ocean-atmosphere interactions, feedbacks in the climate system, and global temperature anomalies. Abrupt Climate Change will be of interest to students, researchers, academics, and policy makers who are concerned about abrupt climate change and its potential impact on society.

Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Southern South America, 60 KA B.P.-30 KA B.P.

Author : Germán Mariano Gasparini
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319400002
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Southern South America, 60 KA B.P.-30 KA B.P. by : Germán Mariano Gasparini

Download or read book Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Southern South America, 60 KA B.P.-30 KA B.P. written by Germán Mariano Gasparini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents isotope data reflecting changes in temperature derived from core samples in South America. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) is examined in detail with respect to Stage 3. With over 20 chapters, this detailed treatise discusses high climatic variability, paleoclimatic events, Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, continental vertebrates, sea level changes, vegetation and climate changes based on pollen records, and the non-Amazon landscape and fauna from 65 to 20 ka B.P. The book also looks at the earth’s magnetic field and climate change during MIS 3 and MIS 5 and presents a comparison between both stages with respect to marine deposits in Uruguay. With case studies drawn from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay this book presents research from the some of the worlds experts in this field.

Abrupt Climate Change: North Atlantic Volatility During the Last Ice Age and Modern Arctic Sea Ice Retreat

Author : Ian L. Eisenman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780549614838
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (148 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change: North Atlantic Volatility During the Last Ice Age and Modern Arctic Sea Ice Retreat by : Ian L. Eisenman

Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change: North Atlantic Volatility During the Last Ice Age and Modern Arctic Sea Ice Retreat written by Ian L. Eisenman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last glacial period was characterized by abrupt switches between cold and warm climate regimes recorded in Greenland ice cores. The proximity of Greenland to the sea ice edge, among other factors, suggests that sea ice played an important role in these climate changes. In modern times, recent decades have seen a rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice. The author investigates the physical processes governing these abrupt changes in North Atlantic climate. The questions are approached using global climate models, idealized models, and observational analysis. The main findings of this research are summarized as follows: (i) the atmospheric response to receding glacial ice sheets, with sea ice amplification, may have contributed to the Younger Dryas abrupt cold interval 12,000 years ago; (ii) glacial climate may allow multiple states supported by feedbacks between sea ice and ocean circulation, with Dansgaard-Oeschger abrupt warming cycles being jumps between them; (iii) the disparity between rates of annual maximum (March) and annual minimum (September) sea ice extent retreat during recent decades may be due to coastline geometry; (iv) due to the impact of cloud simulation errors on Arctic sea ice, global climate model simulations of present-day sea ice conditions may agree less well than previous studies have suggested; (v) the possibility of a "tipping point" as Arctic sea ice recedes may be unlikely in the near future but likely in a more distant approach to perennially ice-free Arctic Ocean conditions. This work has direct implications regarding the cause of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period, the characteristics of modern observed sea ice retreat, and the prediction of future changes in Arctic sea ice conditions.

The Two-Mile Time Machine

Author : Richard B. Alley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400852242
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Two-Mile Time Machine by : Richard B. Alley

Download or read book The Two-Mile Time Machine written by Richard B. Alley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-26 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s Richard B. Alley and his colleagues made headlines with the discovery that the last ice age came to an abrupt end over a period of only three years. In The Two-Mile Time Machine, Alley tells the fascinating history of global climate changes as revealed by reading the annual rings of ice from cores drilled in Greenland. He explains that humans have experienced an unusually temperate climate compared to the wild fluctuations that characterized most of prehistory. He warns that our comfortable environment could come to an end in a matter of years and tells us what we need to know in order to understand and perhaps overcome climate changes in the future. In a new preface, the author weighs in on whether our understanding of global climate change has altered in the years since the book was first published, what the latest research tells us, and what he is working on next.

Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309287766
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain-there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some of the changes be more abrupt, crossing some threshold or "tipping point" to change so fast that the time between when a problem is recognized and when action is required shrinks to the point where orderly adaptation is not possible? Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change is an updated look at the issue of abrupt climate change and its potential impacts. This study differs from previous treatments of abrupt changes by focusing on abrupt climate changes and also abrupt climate impacts that have the potential to severely affect the physical climate system, natural systems, or human systems, often affecting multiple interconnected areas of concern. The primary timescale of concern is years to decades. A key characteristic of these changes is that they can come faster than expected, planned, or budgeted for, forcing more reactive, rather than proactive, modes of behavior. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change summarizes the state of our knowledge about potential abrupt changes and abrupt climate impacts and categorizes changes that are already occurring, have a high probability of occurrence, or are unlikely to occur. Because of the substantial risks to society and nature posed by abrupt changes, this report recommends the development of an Abrupt Change Early Warning System that would allow for the prediction and possible mitigation of such changes before their societal impacts are severe. Identifying key vulnerabilities can help guide efforts to increase resiliency and avoid large damages from abrupt change in the climate system, or in abrupt impacts of gradual changes in the climate system, and facilitate more informed decisions on the proper balance between mitigation and adaptation. Although there is still much to learn about abrupt climate change and abrupt climate impacts, to willfully ignore the threat of abrupt change could lead to more costs, loss of life, suffering, and environmental degradation. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change makes the case that the time is here to be serious about the threat of tipping points so as to better anticipate and prepare ourselves for the inevitable surprises.

Understanding Earth's Deep Past

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309209196
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Earth's Deep Past by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding Earth's Deep Past written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little dispute within the scientific community that humans are changing Earth's climate on a decadal to century time-scale. By the end of this century, without a reduction in emissions, atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase to levels that Earth has not experienced for more than 30 million years. As greenhouse gas emissions propel Earth toward a warmer climate state, an improved understanding of climate dynamics in warm environments is needed to inform public policy decisions. In Understanding Earth's Deep Past, the National Research Council reports that rocks and sediments that are millions of years old hold clues to how the Earth's future climate would respond in an environment with high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Understanding Earth's Deep Past provides an assessment of both the demonstrated and underdeveloped potential of the deep-time geologic record to inform us about the dynamics of the global climate system. The report describes past climate changes, and discusses potential impacts of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases on regional climates, water resources, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and the cycling of life-sustaining elements. While revealing gaps in scientific knowledge of past climate states, the report highlights a range of high priority research issues with potential for major advances in the scientific understanding of climate processes. This proposed integrated, deep-time climate research program would study how climate responded over Earth's different climate states, examine how climate responds to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and clarify the processes that lead to anomalously warm polar and tropical regions and the impact on marine and terrestrial life. In addition to outlining a research agenda, Understanding Earth's Deep Past proposes an implementation strategy that will be an invaluable resource to decision-makers in the field, as well as the research community, advocacy organizations, government agencies, and college professors and students.

Global Warming Cycles

Author : Julie Kerr Casper
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0816072620
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Warming Cycles by : Julie Kerr Casper

Download or read book Global Warming Cycles written by Julie Kerr Casper and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the mechanisms that caused past climate changes, putting the Earth repeatedly into and out of ice ages.

Abrupt Climate Events During the Last Deglaciation and Media Audience Perception of Climate Change

Author : Elizabeth A. Obbink
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Events During the Last Deglaciation and Media Audience Perception of Climate Change by : Elizabeth A. Obbink

Download or read book Abrupt Climate Events During the Last Deglaciation and Media Audience Perception of Climate Change written by Elizabeth A. Obbink and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Climate Crash

Author : John D. Cox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Crash by : John D. Cox

Download or read book Climate Crash written by John D. Cox and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical evidence reveals that centuries of slow, creeping climate variations have actually been punctuated by far more rapid changes. Scientists must now consider the natural threat is greater than once thought.

Abrupt Climatic Change

Author : W.H. Berger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400939930
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climatic Change by : W.H. Berger

Download or read book Abrupt Climatic Change written by W.H. Berger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, St. Hugues de Biviers, France, October 16-22, 1985

An Inverse Model Study of Abrupt Climate Change During Last Ice Age

Author : Shaoping Lu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis An Inverse Model Study of Abrupt Climate Change During Last Ice Age by : Shaoping Lu

Download or read book An Inverse Model Study of Abrupt Climate Change During Last Ice Age written by Shaoping Lu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geologic records and climate model simulations suggest that changes in the meridional heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean were involved in the abrupt warming events -- the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger Interstadials (DOIs) -- that punctuated an otherwise cold Greenland climate during the last glacial period. However, the role of Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets in these events remains a subject of controversy. Here we report on the first attempt to combine quantitatively a paleo-temperature proxy with simplified ocean models, with the specific purpose of extracting information about the changes in mass balance of the NH ice sheets during the last glaciation. A Greenland paleotemperature record is combined with the climate models using Bayesian Stochastic Inversion (BSI) in order to estimate the changes that would be required to alter the Atlantic Ocean mass and heat transports between ~30 and 39 thousand years ago. The mean sea level changes implied by changes in NH ice sheet mass balance agree in amplitude and timing with reconstructions from the geologic record, which gives some support to the freshwater forcing hypothesis. Our results are unaffected by uncertainties in the representation of vertical buoyancy transport in the tropical ocean, in large part because the global adjustments to high latitude freshening bypass the tropics and affect sinking rate in the opposite pole. However, the solutions are sensitive to assumptions about physical processes at polar latitudes. We find that the inversion reproduces the gradual changes in sea level and Antarctic temperature inferred from the independent evidence provided by proxy records. The Greenland warm event lasting over 3000 years (DOI 8) can be explained by sustained growth of NH ice sheet and reduced supply of icebergs to the North Atlantic. Our results indicate a more involved role of the NH ice sheets than previously thought, in which both collapse and subsequent growth would be required to explain the full series of the long (> 3000 years) warm events recorded in Greenland ice.

Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments

Author : Vivien Gornitz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402045514
Total Pages : 1062 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments by : Vivien Gornitz

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments written by Vivien Gornitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-31 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.

Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin

Author : The BACC II Author Team
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319160060
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin by : The BACC II Author Team

Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.