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Who Regulates Whom
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Book Synopsis Who Regulates Whom? by : Mark Jickling
Download or read book Who Regulates Whom? written by Mark Jickling and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal financial regulation in the U.S. has evolved through a series of piecemeal responses to developments and crises in financial markets. This report provides an overview of current U.S. financial regulation: which agencies are responsible for which institutions and markets, and what kinds of authority they have. Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Financial Crises, Regulatory Jurisdiction, and Systemic Risk; (3) Capital Requirements: Non-Bank Capital Requirements; (4) The Federal Financial Regulators: Banking Regulators; Non-Bank Financial Regulators; Regulatory Umbrella Groups; (5) Unregulated Markets and Institutions: Foreign Exchange Markets; U.S. Treasury Securities; OTC Derivatives; Private Securities Markets; Nonbank Lenders; Hedge Funds.
Author :Congressional Research Service Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976512360 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (123 download)
Book Synopsis Who Regulates Whom? by : Congressional Research Service
Download or read book Who Regulates Whom? written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The financial regulatory system has been described as fragmented, with multiple overlapping regulators and a dual state-federal regulatory system. The system evolved piecemeal, punctuated by major changes in response to various historical financial crises. The most recent financial crisis also resulted in changes to the regulatory system through the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act; P.L. 111-203) and the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA; P.L. 110-289). To address the fragmented nature of the system, the Dodd-Frank Act created the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), a council of regulators and experts chaired by the Treasury Secretary. At the federal level, regulators can be clustered in the following areas: Depository regulators-Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and Federal Reserve for banks; and National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) for credit unions; Securities markets regulators-Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC); Government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) regulators-Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), created by HERA, and Farm Credit Administration (FCA); and Consumer protection regulator-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), created by the Dodd-Frank Act. These regulators regulate financial institutions, markets, and products using licensing, registration, rulemaking, supervisory, enforcement, and resolution powers. Other entities that play a role in financial regulation are interagency bodies, state regulators, and international regulatory fora. Notably, federal regulators generally play a secondary role in insurance markets. Financial regulation aims to achieve diverse goals, which vary from regulator to regulator: market efficiency and integrity, consumer and investor protections, capital formation or access to credit, taxpayer protection, illicit activity prevention, and financial stability. Policy debate revolves around the tradeoffs between these various goals. Different types of regulation-prudential (safety and soundness), disclosure, standard setting, competition, and price and rate regulations-are used to achieve these goals. Many observers believe that the structure of the regulatory system influences regulatory outcomes. For that reason, there is ongoing congressional debate about the best way to structure the regulatory system. As background for that debate, this report provides an overview of the U.S. financial regulatory framework. It briefly describes each of the federal financial regulators and the types of institutions they supervise. It also discusses the other entities that play a role in financial regulation.
Book Synopsis Who Regulates Whom and How? an Overview of U.s. Financial Regulatory Policy for Banking and Securities Markets by : Congressional Research Service
Download or read book Who Regulates Whom and How? an Overview of U.s. Financial Regulatory Policy for Banking and Securities Markets written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial regulatory policies are of interest to Congress because firms, consumers, and governments fund many of their activities through banks and securities markets. Furthermore, financial instability can damage the broader economy. Financial regulation is intended to protect borrowers and investors that participate in financial markets and mitigate financial instability. This report provides an overview of the regulatory policies of the agencies that oversee banking and securities markets and explains which agencies are responsible for which institutions, activities, and markets. Some agencies regulate particular types of institutions for risky behavior or conflicts of interest, some agencies promulgate rules for certain financial transactions no matter what kind of institution engages in them, and other agencies enforce existing rules for some institutions, but not for others. These regulatory activities are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
Book Synopsis Who Regulates Whom and How? by : Edward V. Murphy
Download or read book Who Regulates Whom and How? written by Edward V. Murphy and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial regulatory policies are of interest to Congress because firms, consumers, and governments fund many of their activities through banks and securities markets. Furthermore, financial instability can damage the broader economy. Financial regulation is intended to protect borrowers and investors that participate in financial markets and mitigate financial instability. This report provides an overview of the regulatory policies of the agencies that oversee banking and securities markets and explains which agencies are responsible for which institutions, activities, and markets. Banking U.S. banking regulation traditionally focuses on prudence. Banks' business decisions are regulated for safety and soundness and adequate capital. In addition, banks are given access to a lender of last resort, and some bank creditors are provided guarantees (deposit insurance). Regulating the risks that banks take is believed to help smooth the credit cycle. The credit cycle refers to periodic booms and busts in lending. Prudential safety and soundness regulation and capital requirements date back to the 1860s when bank credit formed the money supply. The Federal Reserve as lender of last resort was created following the Panic of 1907. Deposit insurance was established in the 1930s to reduce the incentive of depositors to withdraw funds from banks during a financial panic. Securities, Derivatives, and Similar Contract Markets Federal securities regulation has traditionally focused on disclosure and conflicts of interest, rather than on prudence. Securities regulation is typically designed to ensure that market participants have access to enough information to make informed decisions, rather than to limit the riskiness of the business models of publicly traded firms. Firms that sell securities to the public must register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). SEC registration in no way implies that an investment is safe, only that material risks have been disclosed. The SEC also registers several classes of securities market participants and firms. It has enforcement powers for certain types of industry misstatements or omissions and for certain types of conflicts of interest. Derivatives trading is supervised by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), which oversees trading on the futures exchanges, which have self-regulatory responsibilities as well. The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) required more disclosures in the over-the-counter derivatives market than prior to the financial crisis and has granted the CFTC and SEC authority over large derivatives traders. Government Sponsored Enterprises The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) oversees a group of government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). Two of the GSEs, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, securitize residential mortgages, and they were placed in conservatorship following mortgage losses in 2008. In the conservatorship, the Treasury provides financial support to the GSEs and FHFA and Treasury have managerial control over the enterprises. FHFA also regulates the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system. Changes Following the 2008 Financial Crisis The Dodd-Frank Act created the interagency Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) and authorized a permanent staff to monitor systemic risk and consolidated bank regulation from five agencies to four. The DFA granted the Federal Reserve oversight authority and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) resolution authority over the largest financial firms. The DFA consolidated consumer protection rulemaking, which had been dispersed among several federal agencies, in the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Special Topics The appendices in this report include additional information on topics, such as the regulatory structure prior to the Dodd-Frank Act, organizational differences among financial firms, and the rating system that regulators use to evaluate the health of banks.
Book Synopsis Who Regulates Whom by : Milton H. Lazarus
Download or read book Who Regulates Whom written by Milton H. Lazarus and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Who Regulates Whom: U. S. Finanial Oversight by : Milton H. Lazarus
Download or read book Who Regulates Whom: U. S. Finanial Oversight written by Milton H. Lazarus and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapters 1-7 previously published and included as edited, excerpted and augmented editions of various U.S. government publications published in 2009.
Book Synopsis The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions by : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Download or read book The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions written by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
Book Synopsis Oracles, Heroes or Villains by : George E. Shambaugh
Download or read book Oracles, Heroes or Villains written by George E. Shambaugh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde declared central bankers and finance ministers to be the heroes of recent economic crises for taking corrective action while national politicians squabbled. What enabled them to do so? In the wake of Brexit, chaotic trade policies in the United States, and resurgent nationalism around the world, national politicians are quarrelling again, meanwhile the markets are roiling. Can we again depend on economic technocrats to save the day for these national politicians and the rest of us? What happens if they fail or, perhaps worse, go too far? In this timely book, Shambaugh answers these questions using recent economic crises in Argentina, the United States and Europe as case studies for analysing the intersections of power, politics and markets. By specifying the interactions between political uncertainty, market intervention, and investor risk, Shambaugh predicts how economic technocrats manage market behaviour by shifting expectations regarding what national politicians will do and whether their policies will be effective.
Book Synopsis Reorganizing Government by : Alejandro Camacho
Download or read book Reorganizing Government written by Alejandro Camacho and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering model for constructing and assessing government authority and achieving policy goals more effectively Regulation is frequently less successful than it could be, largely because the allocation of authority to regulatory institutions, and the relationships between them, are misunderstood. As a result, attempts to create new regulatory programs or mend under-performing ones are often poorly designed. Reorganizing Government explains how past approaches have failed to appreciate the full diversity of alternative approaches to organizing governmental authority. The authors illustrate the often neglected dimensional and functional aspects of inter-jurisdictional relations through in-depth explorations of several diverse case studies involving securities and banking regulation, food safety, pollution control, resource conservation, and terrorism prevention. This volume advances an analytical framework of governmental authority structured along three dimensions—centralization, overlap, and coordination. Camacho and Glicksman demonstrate how differentiating among these dimensions better illuminates the policy tradeoffs of organizational alternatives, and reduces the risk of regulatory failure. The book also explains how differentiating allocations of authority based on governmental function can lead to more effective regulation and governance. The authors illustrate the practical value of this framework for future reorganization efforts through the lens of climate change, an emerging and vital global policy challenge, and propose an “adaptive governance” infrastructure that could allow policy makers to embed the creation, evaluation, and adjustment of the organization of regulatory institutions into the democratic process itself.
Book Synopsis Money and Banks in the American Political System by : Kathryn C. Lavelle
Download or read book Money and Banks in the American Political System written by Kathryn C. Lavelle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-14 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lavelle argues that the political sources of instability in finance derive from the intersection of market innovation and regulatory arbitrage.
Book Synopsis China's Social Development and Policy by : Litao Zhao
Download or read book China's Social Development and Policy written by Litao Zhao and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In China, social development has fallen far behind economic development. This book looks at why this is the case, and poses the question of whether the conditions, structures and institutions that have locked China into unbalanced development are changing to pave the way for the next stage of development. Based on an empirical examination of ideological, structural and institutional transformations that have shaped China’s development experiences, the book analyses China’s reform and development in the social domain, including pension, healthcare, public housing, ethnic policy, and public expenditure on social programs. The book moves beyond descriptive analyses to understand the role of broader changes in shaping and redefining the pattern of development in China.
Book Synopsis Critical Reading Across the Curriculum, Volume 2 by : Anton Borst
Download or read book Critical Reading Across the Curriculum, Volume 2 written by Anton Borst and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides educators with practical strategies, tools, and techniques for teaching critical reading skills to students in the social and natural sciences. Strong critical reading skills are an essential part of any student’s academic success. Teaching these vital skills requires educators to develop and implement effective teaching strategies, often based on their own critical reading practices. Critical Reading Across the Curriculum, Volume 2: Social and Natural Sciences provides educators with expert insights, real-world methods, and proven strategies to build critical reading skills in students across disciplines. Drawing from the experience of seasoned classroom practitioners, this book presents a dozen essays that offer various applications of critical reading best practices in fields such as anthropology, biology, economics, engineering, political science, and sociology. Clear, jargon-free chapters identify, explain, and illustrate best teaching practices for critical reading. Containing numerous practical examples and demonstrations, essays written by experts in their respective fields explain what critical reading requires for their discipline, as well as how to teach those skills in the classroom. Every essay includes a host of pedagogical activities, assignments, and projects that can be used directly or adapted for diverse teaching applications. This valuable book helps educators: Develop the skills students need to ask the right questions, consider sources, assess evidence, evaluate arguments, and reason critically Encourage students to practice critical reading skills with engaging exercises and activities Teach students to establish context and identify contextual connections Explain how to read for arguments, including content-based and conceptual arguments Adapt and apply teaching strategies to various curricula and disciplines Critical Reading Across the Curriculum, Volume 2: Social and Natural Sciences is an ideal resource for educators in a wide range of areas, such as college and high school instructors in science and social science disciplines and instructors of graduate education courses.
Book Synopsis Capital Markets, Derivatives, and the Law by : Alan N. Rechtschaffen
Download or read book Capital Markets, Derivatives, and the Law written by Alan N. Rechtschaffen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic failures in individual markets and institutions sparked a global financial crisis that resulted in political, social, and economic unrest. In the United States, a host of legislative acts have completely reshaped the regulatory landscape. Capital Markets, Derivatives and the Law: Positivity and Preparation investigates the impact of the financial crisis on capital markets and regulation. With an emphasis on the structure and the workings of financial instruments, it considers market evolution after the crisis and the impact of Central Bank policy. In doing so, it provides the reader with the tools to recognize vulnerabilities in capital market trading activities. This edition serves as an essential guide to better understand the legal and business considerations of capital market participation. With useful definitions, case law examples, and expert insight into structures, regulation, and litigation strategies, Capital Markets, Derivatives and the Law: Positivity and Preparation offers readers invaluable tools to make prudent, well-informed decisions.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology by :
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 2138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, Four Volume Set is the definitive go-to reference in the field of evolutionary biology. It provides a fully comprehensive review of the field in an easy to search structure. Under the collective leadership of fifteen distinguished section editors, it is comprised of articles written by leading experts in the field, providing a full review of the current status of each topic. The articles are up-to-date and fully illustrated with in-text references that allow readers to easily access primary literature. While all entries are authoritative and valuable to those with advanced understanding of evolutionary biology, they are also intended to be accessible to both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Broad topics include the history of evolutionary biology, population genetics, quantitative genetics; speciation, life history evolution, evolution of sex and mating systems, evolutionary biogeography, evolutionary developmental biology, molecular and genome evolution, coevolution, phylogenetic methods, microbial evolution, diversification of plants and fungi, diversification of animals, and applied evolution. Presents fully comprehensive content, allowing easy access to fundamental information and links to primary research Contains concise articles by leading experts in the field that ensures current coverage of each topic Provides ancillary learning tools like tables, illustrations, and multimedia features to assist with the comprehension process
Book Synopsis Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World by : Olivia S. Mitchell
Download or read book Financial Decision Making and Retirement Security in an Aging World written by Olivia S. Mitchell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world's population lives longer, it will become increasingly important for plan sponsors, retirement advisors, regulators, and financial firms to focus closely on how older persons fare in the face of rising difficulties with cognition and financial management. This book offers state-of-the-art research and recommendations on how to evaluate when older persons need financial advice, help them make better financial decisions, and to identify policy options for handling these individual and social challenges efficiently and fairly. This latest volume in the Pension Research Council series, draws lessons from theory and practice, and will be of interest to employees and retirees, consumers and researchers, and financial institutions working to design better retirement plan offerings.
Book Synopsis Democracy Declined by : Mallory E. SoRelle
Download or read book Democracy Declined written by Mallory E. SoRelle and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Elizabeth Warren memorably wrote, “It is impossible to buy a toaster that has a one-in-five chance of bursting into flames and burning down your house. But it is possible to refinance an existing home with a mortgage that has the same one-in-five chance of putting the family out on the street.” More than a century after the government embraced credit to fuel the American economy, consumer financial protections in the increasingly complex financial system still place the onus on individuals to sift through fine print for assurance that they are not vulnerable to predatory lending and other pitfalls of consumer financing and growing debt. In Democracy Declined, Mallory E. SoRelle argues that the failure of federal policy makers to curb risky practices can be explained by the evolution of consumer finance policies aimed at encouraging easy credit in part by foregoing more stringent regulation. Furthermore, SoRelle explains how angry borrowers’ experiences with these policies teach them to focus their attention primarily on banks and lenders instead of demanding that lawmakers address predatory behavior. As a result, advocacy groups have been mostly unsuccessful in mobilizing borrowers in support of stronger consumer financial protections. The absence of safeguards on consumer financing is particularly dangerous because the consequences extend well beyond harm to individuals—they threaten the stability of entire economies. SoRelle identifies pathways to mitigate these potentially disastrous consequences through greater public participation.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Compliance by : Benjamin van Rooij
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Compliance written by Benjamin van Rooij and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 1559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compliance has become key to our contemporary markets, societies, and modes of governance across a variety of public and private domains. While this has stimulated a rich body of empirical and practical expertise on compliance, thus far, there has been no comprehensive understanding of what compliance is or how it influences various fields and sectors. The academic knowledge of compliance has remained siloed along different disciplinary domains, regulatory and legal spheres, and mechanisms and interventions. This handbook bridges these divides to provide the first one-stop overview of what compliance is, how we can best study it, and the core mechanisms that shape it. Written by leading experts, chapters offer perspectives from across law, regulatory studies, management science, criminology, economics, sociology, and psychology. This volume is the definitive and comprehensive account of compliance.
