Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Developing And Prioritizing A Future Research Agenda

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Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Developing and Prioritizing a Future Research Agenda

Author : U. S. Department Human Services
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781499519822
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Developing and Prioritizing a Future Research Agenda by : U. S. Department Human Services

Download or read book Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Developing and Prioritizing a Future Research Agenda written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-11 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rate of cesarean delivery in the United States increased dramatically over the past two decades, from 20.7 percent in 1996 to 32.8 percent in 2010. Part of the reason for the increase is a decline in the rate of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Although the dictum "once a cesarean, always a cesarean" guided clinical practice for a good part of the 20th century, a 1980 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference Panel recognized trial of labor (TOL) after prior cesarean as a viable option for certain low-risk women.3 An increase in VBAC ensued; by 1996, more than 28 percent of women with a prior cesarean delivered vaginally. However, a number of medical and nonmedical factors, including reports in the 1990s of an increased risk of maternal complications with TOL compared with elective repeat cesarean, pushed the pendulum in the opposite direction. The percentage of women with a previous cesarean delivering vaginally fell from a peak of 28 percent in 1996 to 8.5 percent in 2007. In 2010, NIH again convened a Consensus Development Conference Panel to evaluate the growing body of evidence on the clinical risks and benefits of TOL after cesarean. In preparation for the 2010 conference, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) commissioned the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) to conduct a review of the evidence on a number of emerging issues related to VBAC, which was released as AHRQ Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 191. The evidence review addressed the following six Key Questions. 1. What are the rates and patterns of utilization of trial of labor after prior cesarean, vaginal birth after cesarean, and repeat cesarean delivery in the United States? 2. What are the nonmedical factors (e.g., provider type, hospital type) that influence the patterns and utilization of trial of labor after prior cesarean? 3. Among women who attempt a trial of labor after prior cesarean, what are the vaginal delivery rate and the factors that influence it? 4. What are the short- and long-term benefits and harms to the mother of attempting trial of labor after prior cesarean compared with elective repeat cesarean delivery, and what factors influence benefits and harms? 5. What are the short- and long-term benefits and harms to the baby of maternal attempt at trial of labor after prior cesarean compared with elective repeat cesarean delivery, and what factors influence benefits and harms? 6. What are the critical gaps in the evidence for decisionmaking, and what are priority investigations needed to address these gaps?

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean

Author : Erika K. Barth Cottrell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaginal Birth After Cesarean by : Erika K. Barth Cottrell

Download or read book Vaginal Birth After Cesarean written by Erika K. Barth Cottrell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this Future Research Needs project is to develop a future research agenda in the area of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) that builds on the research gaps identified in the 2010 evidence review conducted for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference. DATA SOURCES: In phase 1, stakeholders participated in semistructured interviews to identify and describe evidence gaps and future research needs. In phase 2, stakeholders participated in a modified Delphi process to rank the top 10 research priorities. Ongoing studies and recently completed research between March 2010 and August 2011 were identified by searching Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Ovid MEDLINE(r), Scopus, the Annals of Internal Medicine Web site, Google Scholar, clinical trial registries, grant databases, and individual funders' Web sites. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 30 stakeholders invited to participate in the semistructured interviews agreed. Overall, 6 of the 6 legal/liability or hospital administrators (100 percent), 2 of the 6 patient/consumer advocates (33 percent), 5 of the 13 clinicians (30 percent), 1 of the 2 researchers (50 percent), and 2 of the 3 research funders (66 percent) were interviewed. We invited 11 stakeholders to participate in the phase 2 Delphi process. In compliance with Federal guidelines, only nine of the stakeholders were not Federal employees. All stakeholders invited to participate in the Delphi prioritization process completed the first questionnaire, and 10 of the 11 completed the second questionnaire (81 percent). A list of the top 10 research priorities was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The top 10 future research needs as prioritized by stakeholders fall into three overarching categories: health systems and contextual issues (category A), standardized measurement and collection of data on maternal and infant outcomes (category B), and understanding how patients perceive risk and how best to communicate risk of mode of delivery after prior cesarean (category C). Within category A, stakeholders highlighted the need for research on institutional and systems-level barriers and facilitators to providing and delivering safe trials of labor after cesarean, including how the "immediately available" requirement is understood and implemented and concerns about legal liability. Within category B, stakeholders emphasized measurement of both short- and long-term outcomes and the importance of agreement on clear and precise definitions and methods of ascertainment both within and across hospitals. With regard to category C, stakeholders prioritized research about how patients perceive the risks of trial of labor (TOL) compared with repeat cesarean delivery, how best to frame and communicate the risks of each option, and the most effective way to present information so that women can make an informed choice that incorporates their preferences. Overall, stakeholders felt that defining what constitutes a "safe" TOL after cesarean and safe birth in general, at the level of the individual, the provider, and the institution or setting of care was important across all top priority research needs.

National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on Vaginal Birth After Cesarean

Author : Department of Human Services
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781499520194
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on Vaginal Birth After Cesarean by : Department of Human Services

Download or read book National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on Vaginal Birth After Cesarean written by Department of Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) describes vaginal delivery by a woman who has had a previous cesarean delivery. For most of the 20th century, once a woman had undergone a cesarean delivery, clinicians believed that her future pregnancies required cesarean delivery. Studies from the 1960s suggested that this practice may not always be necessary. In 1980, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference Panel questioned the necessity of routine repeat cesarean deliveries and outlined situations in which VBAC could be considered. The option for a woman with a previous cesarean delivery to have a trial of labor was offered and exercised more often in the 1980s through 1996. Since 1996, however, the number of VBACs has declined, contributing to the overall increase in cesarean delivery (Figure 1). Although we recognize that primary cesarean deliveries are the driving force behind the total cesarean delivery rates, the focus of this report is on trial of labor and repeat cesarean deliveries. A number of medical and nonmedical factors have contributed to this decline in the VBAC rate since the mid-1990s, although many of these factors are not well understood. A significant medical factor that is frequently cited as a reason to avoid trial of labor is concern about the possibility of uterine rupture-because an unsuccessful trial of labor, in which a woman undergoes a repeat cesarean delivery instead of a vaginal delivery, has a a higher rate of complications compared to VBAC or elective repeat cesarean delivery. Nonmedical factors include, among other things, restrictions on access to a trial of labor and the effect of the current medical-legal climate on relevant practice patterns. To advance understanding of these important issues, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Office of Medical Applications of Research of NIH convened a Consensus Development Conference on March 8-10, 2010. The conference was grounded in the view that a thorough evaluation of the relevant research would help pregnant women and their maternity care providers when making decisions about the mode of delivery after a previous cesarean delivery. Improved understanding of the clinical risks and benefits and how they interact with nonmedical factors also may have important implications for informed decisionmaking and health services planning. The following key questions were addressed by the Consensus Development Conference: 1. What are the rates and patterns of utilization of trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery, vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, and repeat cesarean delivery in the United States? 2. Among women who attempt a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery, what is the vaginal delivery rate and the factors that influence it? 3. What are the short-and long-term benefits and harms to the mother of attempting trial of labor after prior cesarean versus elective repeat cesarean delivery, and what factors influence benefits and harms? 4. What are the short- and long-term benefits and harms to the baby of maternal attempt at trial of labor after prior cesarean versus elective repeat cesarean delivery, and what factors influence benefits and harms? 5. What are the nonmedical factors that influence the patterns and utilization of trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery? 6. What are the critical gaps in the evidence for decisionmaking, and what are the priority investigations needed to address these gaps?

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights

Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781484162323
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights by : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services

Download or read book Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-19 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the Healthy People 2010 national goal to reduce the cesarean delivery rate to 15 percent of births each year, this century has set record rates of cesarean deliveries. When the national rate of cesarean delivery was first measured in 1965, it was 4.5 percent, in 2007, almost one in three women in the United States (U.S.) delivered by cesarean (32.8 percent cesarean delivery rate in 2007). With almost 1.5 million cesarean surgeries performed every year, cesarean is the most common surgical procedure in the U.S. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) emerged from the 1980 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference on Cesarean as a mechanism to safely reduce the cesarean delivery rate. VBAC proved to be an effective contributor to reduce the use of cesarean through the early 1990s. From 1990 through 1996, the VBAC rate rose from 19.9 to 28.3 percent and the cesarean rate declined from 22.7 to 20.7 percent. Since 1996, VBAC rates have declined sharply, to the point where over 90 percent of women with a prior cesarean will deliver by repeat cesarean. While primary cesarean accounts for the largest number of cesarean deliveries, the largest single indication for cesarean is prior cesarean accounting for 534,180 cesareans each year, thus the safety of VBAC remains important. The degree to which cesarean deliveries and VBACs are improving or adversely affecting health remains a subject of continued controversy and uncertainty. This systematic review was conducted to inform the 2010 NIH Consensus Development Conference to evaluate emerging issues relating to VBAC. An evidence report focuses attention on the strengths and limits of evidence from published studies about the effectiveness and/or harms of a clinical intervention. The development of an evidence report begins with a careful formulation of the problem. The Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) systematically reviewed the relevant scientific literature on key questions relating to VBAC assigned by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Planning Committee for the NIH Consensus Development Conference on VBAC: New Insights, the National Institutes of Health's Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR), and further refined by a technical expert panel (TEP). Ultimately, two background questions and four key questions were reviewed for this report: What are the rates and patterns of utilization of trial of labor after prior cesarean, vaginal birth after cesarean, and repeat cesarean deliveries in the United States? What are the nonmedical factors (provider type, hospital type, etc.) that influence the patterns and utilization of trial of labor after prior cesarean? Background questions will be addressed in the introduction of the report with information from reputable sources; however, these data are not part of the systematic review process. Key Questions include: 1. Among women who attempt a trial of labor after prior cesarean, what is the vaginal delivery rate and the factors that influence it? 2. What are the short- and long-term benefits and harms to the mother of attempting trial of labor after prior cesarean versus elective repeat cesarean delivery, and what factors influence benefits and harms? 3.What are the short- and long-term benefits and harms to the baby of maternal attempt at trial of labor after prior cesarean versus elective repeat cesarean delivery, and what factors influence benefits and harms? 4. What are the critical gaps in the evidence for decision-making, and what are the priority investigations needed to address these gaps?

Birth Settings in America

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309669820
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Birth Settings in America by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.

Obstetric and Gynecologic Hospitalists and Laborists, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book

Author : Brigid McCue
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323395767
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (233 download)

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Book Synopsis Obstetric and Gynecologic Hospitalists and Laborists, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book by : Brigid McCue

Download or read book Obstetric and Gynecologic Hospitalists and Laborists, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book written by Brigid McCue and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ob/Gyn Hospitalist, the newest subspecialist in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, has the potential to improve patient safety, patient and provider satisfaction, workforce challenges and clinical outcomes. Programs are exploding across the country, mirroring the growth of the internal medicine hospitalist programs 10 years ago. Ob/Gyn hospitalist jobs are the most sought after in the field. We will present the history of the Ob/Gyn Hospitalist movement, available evidence to date supporting Ob/Gyn Hospitalists, and where we believe the field is going.

Reproductive Justice and Women’s Voices

Author : Beth L. Sundstrom
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498503144
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproductive Justice and Women’s Voices by : Beth L. Sundstrom

Download or read book Reproductive Justice and Women’s Voices written by Beth L. Sundstrom and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive rights are human rights. Reproductive Justice and Women's Voices: Health Communication across the Lifespan offers an in-depth analysis of women’s reproductive health in a transformative, sociopolitical moment that is redefining women’s access to health care; reducing disparities in maternal and child health is a critical public health goal for the United States. Sundstrom contributes to patient-centered public health by analyzing women’s reproductive health across the lifespan. Four critical body episodes: contraceptive use dynamics, pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-partum period explicate women’s understandings of control and embodiment in the context of technology. Women’s meaning making of each body episode is interrogated in three areas: (1) the physiological experience of reproductive health, (2) perceptions of medicine and the biomedical model, and (3) opinions of mediated messages about reproduction, including new media. Through stories and silence, the women interviewed in this book demand accurate information, including the risks and benefits of health care, and access to reproductive services and technologies. The analysis disrupts the nature/technology dualism and reconceptualizes health outside of the normative processes of menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. By talking with women, this study privileges women’s decision-making about reproductive health and offers insight for how women’s partners, families, and health care providers can support them in this process.

Reproduction, Health, and Medicine

Author : Elizabeth Mitchell Armstrong
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1787561712
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproduction, Health, and Medicine by : Elizabeth Mitchell Armstrong

Download or read book Reproduction, Health, and Medicine written by Elizabeth Mitchell Armstrong and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a moment when reproduction is increasingly politicized, the volume explores the breadth of contemporary research on reproduction from the perspective of medical sociology, illuminating the lived experience of reproduction and offering insights to inform sociology and health policy.

Vibrant and Healthy Kids

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309493382
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Vibrant and Healthy Kids by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Vibrant and Healthy Kids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are the foundation of the United States, and supporting them is a key component of building a successful future. However, millions of children face health inequities that compromise their development, well-being, and long-term outcomes, despite substantial scientific evidence about how those adversities contribute to poor health. Advancements in neurobiological and socio-behavioral science show that critical biological systems develop in the prenatal through early childhood periods, and neurobiological development is extremely responsive to environmental influences during these stages. Consequently, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors significantly affect a child's health ecosystem and ability to thrive throughout adulthood. Vibrant and Healthy Kids: Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity builds upon and updates research from Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity (2017) and From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). This report provides a brief overview of stressors that affect childhood development and health, a framework for applying current brain and development science to the real world, a roadmap for implementing tailored interventions, and recommendations about improving systems to better align with our understanding of the significant impact of health equity.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2)

Author : Robert Black
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464803684
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by : Robert Black

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Exercise in Pregnancy

Author : Raul Artal Mittelmark
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Exercise in Pregnancy by : Raul Artal Mittelmark

Download or read book Exercise in Pregnancy written by Raul Artal Mittelmark and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reducing Birth Defects

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166837
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing Birth Defects by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Reducing Birth Defects written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-10-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries.

From Neurons to Neighborhoods

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069882
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis From Neurons to Neighborhoods by : National Research Council

Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

School, Family, and Community Partnerships

Author : Joyce L. Epstein
Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1483320014
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis School, Family, and Community Partnerships by : Joyce L. Epstein

Download or read book School, Family, and Community Partnerships written by Joyce L. Epstein and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strengthen programs of family and community engagement to promote equity and increase student success! When schools, families, and communities collaborate and share responsibility for students′ education, more students succeed in school. Based on 30 years of research and fieldwork, the fourth edition of the bestseller School, Family, and Community Partnerships: Your Handbook for Action, presents tools and guidelines to help develop more effective and more equitable programs of family and community engagement. Written by a team of well-known experts, it provides a theory and framework of six types of involvement for action; up-to-date research on school, family, and community collaboration; and new materials for professional development and on-going technical assistance. Readers also will find: Examples of best practices on the six types of involvement from preschools, and elementary, middle, and high schools Checklists, templates, and evaluations to plan goal-linked partnership programs and assess progress CD-ROM with slides and notes for two presentations: A new awareness session to orient colleagues on the major components of a research-based partnership program, and a full One-Day Team Training Workshop to prepare school teams to develop their partnership programs. As a foundational text, this handbook demonstrates a proven approach to implement and sustain inclusive, goal-linked programs of partnership. It shows how a good partnership program is an essential component of good school organization and school improvement for student success. This book will help every district and all schools strengthen and continually improve their programs of family and community engagement.

Preterm Birth

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030910159X
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Preterm Birth by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Preterm Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-23 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.

WHO Recommendations on Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924155021X
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis WHO Recommendations on Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO Recommendations on Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-06-25 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date comprehensive and consolidated guideline on essential intrapartum care brings together new and existing WHO recommendations that when delivered as a package will ensure good-quality and evidence-based care irrespective of the setting or level of health care. The recommendations presented in this guideline are neither country nor region specific and acknowledge the variations that exist globally as to the level of available health services within and between countries. The guideline highlights the importance of woman-centred care to optimize the experience of labour and childbirth for women and their babies through a holistic human rights-based approach. It introduces a global model of intrapartum care which takes into account the complexity and diverse nature of prevailing models of care and contemporary practice. The recommendations in this guideline are intended to inform the development of relevant national- and local-level health policies and clinical protocols. Therefore the target audience includes national and local public health policy-makers implementers and managers of maternal and child health programmes health care facility managers nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) professional societies involved in the planning and management of maternal and child health services health care professionals (including nurses midwives general medical practitioners and obstetricians) and academic staff involved in training health care professionals.

Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans

Author : United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans by : United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

Download or read book Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans written by United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 provides guidelines on developing emergency operations plans (EOP). It promotes a common understanding of the fundamentals of risk-informed planning and decision making to help planners examine a hazard or threat and produce integrated, coordinated, and synchronized plans. The goal of CPG 101 is to make the planning process routine across all phases of emergency management and for all homeland security mission areas. This Guide helps planners at all levels of government in their efforts to develop and maintain viable all-hazards, all-threats EOPs. Accomplished properly, planning provides a methodical way to engage the whole community in thinking through the life cycle of a potential crisis, determining required capabilities, and establishing a framework for roles and responsibilities. It shapes how a community envisions and shares a desired outcome, selects effective ways to achieve it, and communicates expected results. Each jurisdiction's plans must reflect what that community will do to address its specific risks with the unique resources it has or can obtain.