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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Urea-Ethanol-Water Solution Properties for Diesel NOx Control Using Urea SCR. written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Isabella Nova
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489980717
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Download or read book Urea for SCR-based NOx Control Systems and Potential Impacts to Ground Water Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key challenges facing manufacturers of diesel engines for light- and heavy-duty vehicles is the development of technologies for controlling emissions of nitrogen oxides, In this regard, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems represent control technology that can potentially achieve the NOx removal efficiencies required to meet new U.S. EPA standards. SCR systems rely on a bleed stream of urea solution into exhaust gases prior to catalytic reduction. While urea's role in this emission control technology is beneficial, in that it supports reduced NOx emissions, it can also be an environmental threat to ground water quality. This would occur if it is accidentally released to soils because once in that environmental medium, urea is subsequently converted to nitrate--which is regulated under the U.S. EPA's primary drinking water standards. Unfortunately, nitrate contamination of ground waters is already a significant problem across the U.S. Historically, the primary sources of nitrate in ground waters have been septic tanks and fertilizer applications. The basic concern over nitrate contamination is the potential health effects associated with drinking water containing elevated levels of nitrate. Specifically, consumption of nitrate-contaminated water can cause a blood disorder in infants known as methemoglobinemia.
Author : Ming-Feng Hsieh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Control of Diesel Engine Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems written by Ming-Feng Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A systematic nonlinear control methodology for urea-SCR systems applicable for light-to-heavy-duty Diesel engine platforms in a variety of on-road, off-road, and marine applications is developed and experimentally validated in this dissertation. Urea selective catalytic reduction (urea-SCR) systems have been proved of being able to reduce more than 90% of Diesel engine-out NOx emissions and have been favored by the automotive industry in recent years. Urea-SCR systems utilize ammonia, converted from 32.5% aqueous urea solution (AdBlue) injected at upstream of the SCR catalyst, as the reductant for NOx reductions. Because ammonia is considered a hazardous material, urea injection should be systematically controlled to avoid undesired tailpipe ammonia slip while achieving a sufficient level of SCR NOx reduction. The novelty of the control methodology is to regulate the ammonia storage distribution along the axial direction of a SCR catalyst to a staircase profile and thus to simultaneously realize high NOx reduction efficiency and low ammonia emissions. To achieve this control objective, several relevant subjects are studied, including: 1) aftertreatment system control-oriented modeling, 2) online NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity correction, 3) SCR catalyst ammonia coverage ratio estimation, as well as 4) adaptive urea dosing controller design. A unique SCR system which consists of a urea injector and two SCR catalysts connected in-series with several NOx and NH3 sensors is used for the study of the proposed urea-SCR control methodology. Such a SCR system is integrated with a state-of-the-art Diesel engine and aftertreatment system (DOC-DPF). The US06 test cycle experimental results show the proposed control methodology, in comparison to a conventional control strategy, is capable of improving the SCR NOx reduction by 63% and reducing the tailpipe ammonia slip amount by 74%. The contributions of this research to the art include: 1) A novel, efficient, and generalizable urea-SCR dosing control methodology; 2) Diesel engine-DOC-DPF NO/NO2 ratio control-oriented models and observer-based estimations; 3) SCR catalyst ammonia coverage ratio estimation methods; 4) An online correction approach for NOx sensor ammonia cross-sensitivity elimination; and 5) An improved SCR control-oriented model.
Author : Isabella Nova
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781493943593
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (435 download)
Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Author : Eric R. Snyder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (611 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Water Injection and Urea-SCR Systems for NOx Reduction in Diesel Engines written by Eric R. Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Diesel engines offer significant advantages over spark-ignited engines in terms of peak torque production, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and fuel consumption (and associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions known to cause the greenhouse effect). However, lean exhaust conditions render conventional three-way catalysts ineffective, making nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction a considerable challenge. With increasing environmental concerns and stringent pending regulation of diesel exhaust emissions, urea-Selective Catalytic Reduction (urea-SCR) has emerged as a potential technology pathway to meet US 2007/2010 and Euro IV/V NOx emissions criterion. This technology uses ammonia (NH3) generated from aqueous urea as the NOx reducing agent. Water injection in the intake system has also demonstrated the potential for significant reductions in engine-out NOx emissions.
Author : Hoin Kang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book SAE 2007-08-0107, A Study on the NOx Reduction of Urea-Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine written by Hoin Kang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NOx emission is one of the problems of diesel engines. SCR is well known to be effective for the reduction of NOx emission. Among many types of SCR, Urea-SCR is known as the most stable. Therefore, this research focuses to evaluate a performance of urea-SCR system in a heavy-duty diesel engine. At first, urea injection system is developed and optimum injection condition is observed. Numerical model of above condition applies to simulation calculation using FLUENT, CFD code. The simulation results determine experimental method on the engine test. Therefore, the aqueous urea solution is injected to reversing direction of exhaust gas into elbow exhaust pipe. Optimal quantity of a reducing agent is estimated by using accurate programming technique under different engine loads and speeds. Furthermore, emission variation between with SCR and without SCR is compared and performance of urea-SCR system is evaluated. This research may provide the fundamental data for the practical use of urea-SCR in future.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Betænkning afgivet af det af Finansministeriet nedsatte Udvalg angaaende de pensions- og lønningsmæssige Regler ved Overgang mellem Staten, Folkeskolen og Institutioner under Børneforsorgen m.v written by and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. Acharya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (991 download)
Download or read book Fuel and System Interaction Effects on Urea-SCR Control of NOx in Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment written by R. Acharya and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book UREA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR UREA SCR NOX REDUCTION. written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea SCR is currently the only proven NOX aftertreatment for diesel engines - high NOX reduction possible - some SCR catalyst systems are robust against fuel sulfur - durability has been demonstrated - many systems in the field - long history in other markets - Major limitations to acceptance - distribution of urea solution to end user - ensuring that urea solution is added to vehicle.
Author : Larry M. Slone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (575 download)
Download or read book Investigation of UREA-SCR Technologies Analysis of UREA Injection Delivery Systems for NOx Reduction in Diesel Engines written by Larry M. Slone and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marion Börnhorst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783844074376
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (743 download)
Download or read book Urea-Water Sprays in NOx Emission Control Systems: Interaction with Solid Walls and Deposit Formation written by Marion Börnhorst and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yuichi Okada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Study on Improvement of NOx Reduction Performance at Low Temperature Using Urea Reforming Technology in Urea SCR System written by Yuichi Okada and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anthony Timpanaro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Reduction of NOx Emissions in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using SNCR with In-cylinder Injection of Aqueous Urea written by Anthony Timpanaro and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this study is the effect of in-cylinder selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx emissions in diesel exhaust gas by means of direct injection of aqueous urea ((NH2)2CO) into the combustion chamber. A single cylinder diesel test engine was modified to accept an electronically controlled secondary common rail injection system to deliver the aqueous urea directly into the cylinder during engine operation. Direct in-cylinder injection was chosen in order to ensure precise delivery of the reducing agent without the risk of any premature reactions taking place. Unlike direct in-cylinder injection of neat water, aqueous urea also works as a reducing agent by breaking down into ammonia (NH3) and Cyanuric Acid ((HOCN)3). These compounds serve as the primary reducing agents in the NOx reduction mechanism explored here. The main reducing agent, aqueous urea, was admixed with glycerol (C3H8O3) in an 80-20 ratio, by weight, to function as a lubricant for the secondary injector. The aqueous urea injection timing and duration is critical to the reduction of NOx emissions due to the dependence of SNCR NOx reduction on critical factors such as temperature, pressure, reducing agent to NOx ratio, Oxygen and radical content, residence time and NH3 slip. From scoping engine tests at loads of 40 percent and 80 percent at 1500 rpm, an aqueous urea injection strategy was developed. The final injection strategy chosen was four molar ratios, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 with five varying injection timings of 60, 20, 10, 0, and -30 degrees after top dead center (ATDC). In addition to the base line and aqueous urea tests, water injection and an 80-20 water-glycerol solution reduction agent tests were also conducted to compare the effects of said additives as well. The comparison of baseline and SNCR operation was expected to show that the urea acted as a reducing agent, lowering NOx emissions up to 100% (based on exhaust stream studies) in the diesel exhaust gas without the aid of a catalyst. The data collected from the engine tests showed that the aqueous urea-glycerol solution secondary had no effect on the reduction of NOx and even resulted in an increase of up to 5% in some tests. This was due to the low average in-cylinder temperature as well as a short residence time, prohibiting the reduction reaction from taking place. The neat water and water-glycerol solution secondary injection was found to have a reduction effect of up to 59% on NOx production in the emissions due to the evaporative cooling effect and increased heat capacity of the water.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Diesel Engines, Nitrogen Oxides Reduction Agent Aqueous Urea Solution 32 written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Organization for Standardization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (697 download)
Download or read book Diesel Engines, Nitrogen Oxides Reduction Agent Aqueous Urea Solution 32 written by International Organization for Standardization and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Iraj Vatankhah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781369575460
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (754 download)
Download or read book Purification of Industrial Grade Urea for Diesel Exhaust Pollution Reduction written by Iraj Vatankhah and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is a urea-water solution that is injected into the exhaust system in order to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from a diesel engine. DEF urea, also known as Automotive Grade Urea (AGU), is a special type of prilled urea that is uncoated, free of formaldehyde, and very low in Biuret concentration. The cost of prilled DEF grade urea is 10-15% higher than Solid Urea Industrial (SUI) grade urea.
