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U S Security Assistance To Egypt
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Book Synopsis U.S. Security Assistance to Egypt by : William D. Hartung
Download or read book U.S. Security Assistance to Egypt written by William D. Hartung and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades Egypt has been one of the largest recipients of U.S. security assistance. Decades of nearly unconditional military aid have created a sense of entitlement within the Egyptian military and among its political leaders. They expect continued high levels of U.S. assistance, despite their lack of regard for U.S. interests and concerns. The Egyptian government has misused the aid for patronage and prestige. In light of the record of the al-Sisi government and what little the United States receives in return, it is long past time to reevaluate the costs and benefits of U.S. security assistance to Egypt. This report will address the effectiveness of U.S. arms and training in enabling Egypt to meet its most important security objectives, including whether it is receiving the appropriate equipment for its counterterror operations; the level of dependence of the Egyptian military on U.S. equipment; the recent history of Congressional action related to U.S. security assistance to Egypt; and recommendations for the U.S.-Egyptian security relationship going forward.
Book Synopsis United States Security Assistance to Egypt by : Scott P. Van Cleef
Download or read book United States Security Assistance to Egypt written by Scott P. Van Cleef and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. Security Assistance to Egypt by : Naval Postgraduate School
Download or read book U.S. Security Assistance to Egypt written by Naval Postgraduate School and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how the United States uses military assistance to influence the foreign and domestic policies of Egypt, one of the two leading recipients of U.S. security aid. While it is generally believed that arms transfers provide a patron state with influence over a client state's behavior, little evidence has been provided to support this proposition. This research examines influence theory and the difficulties associated with the study of influence. Then it examines how the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and the International Military Education and Training (MET) programs serve as tools for the United States to exert influence. Finally, these programs are evaluated through an examination of Egyptian policy making during three historical periods which correspond to the presidencies of Gamal Nasser, Anwar Sadat, and Hosni Mubarak. The FMS program influences Egyptian behavior through the development of numerous U.S.-Egyptian personal relationships at all governmental levels and through Egyptian dependence on the United States for weapons, training, financing, and follow-on support. The IMET program influences the potential leaders of Egypt by providing students exposure to U.S. culture and values. U.S. influence efforts in the case of Egypt have been most successful in obtaining short-terms goals that were of mutual interest to both nations.
Book Synopsis Active Inaction by : Nathan W. Toronto
Download or read book Active Inaction written by Nathan W. Toronto and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper explores the relationship between the Egyptian military and U.S. security assistance forces, and examines long term U.S. interests in Egypt. The author proposes a novel course of action, "active inaction," as a method of addressing the U.S.-Egyptian security relationship. Active inaction would not be a dramatic departure from the current security assistance mission, but would require interagency cooperation to gather the experienced "Egypt hands" necessary to facilitate better relationships between U.S. and Egyptian military officers. These Egypt hands would be civilians with in-depth cultural and political knowledge of Egypt who would commit to being posted in Egypt for long periods of time. The Egypt hands would allow for increased engagement with the Egyptian military, and could lay the ground work for a "whole of nation" approach to security assistance in Egypt. Active inaction would also address economic development, military reform, and U.S. military aid to Egypt."--Simons Center web site.
Book Synopsis U. S. Security Assistance to Egypt by : Scott Charles Gover
Download or read book U. S. Security Assistance to Egypt written by Scott Charles Gover and published by . This book was released on 1996-03-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines how the United States uses military assistance to influence the foreign and domestic policies of Egypt, one of the two leading recipients of U.S. security aid. While it is generally believed that arms transfers provide a patron state with influence over a client state's behavior, little evidence has been provided to support this proposition. This research examines influence theory and the difficulties associated with the study of influence. Then it examines how the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and the International Military Education and Training (IMET) programs serve as tools for the United States to exert influence. Finally, these programs are evaluated through an examination of Egyptian policy making during three historical periods which correspond to the presidencies of Gamal Nasser, Anwar Sadat, and Hosni Mubarak. The FMS program influences Egyptian behavior through the development of numerous U.S.-Egyptian personal relationships at all governmental levels and through Egyptian dependence on the United States for weapons, training, financing, and follow-on support. The MET program influences the potential leaders of Egypt by providing students exposure to U.S. culture and values. U.S. influence efforts in the case of Egypt have been most successful in obtaining short-terms goals that were of mutual interest to both nations.
Book Synopsis Forging a New Defense Relationship with Egypt by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Forging a New Defense Relationship with Egypt written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781977547415 Total Pages :78 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (474 download)
Book Synopsis Security Assistance by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Security Assistance written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-23 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. government has allocated an average of about $1.3 billion annually in security assistance for Egypt in fiscal years 2011 through 2015. DOD and State have established end-use monitoring programs to ensure that military equipment transferred to foreign countries is safeguarded and used for its intended purposes. In addition, legal requirements, known as the Leahy laws, prohibit DOD- and State-funded assistance to units of foreign security forces if there is credible information that these forces have committed a gross violation of human rights. This report examines, for fiscal years 2011 through 2015, the extent to which the U.S. government (1) committed or disbursed funds allocated for security-related assistance for Egypt, (2) implemented end-use monitoring for equipment transferred to Egyptian security forces, and (3) vetted Egyptian recipients of security-related assistance for human rights concerns. GAO analyzed U.S. agency data and documentation; conducted fieldwork in Egypt; and interviewed U.S. officials in Washington, D.C., and Cairo, Egypt. This is the public version of a sensitive but unclassified report issued in February 2016.
Book Synopsis College of Liberal Arts, Arkansas State University by :
Download or read book College of Liberal Arts, Arkansas State University written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Military Aid to Egypt by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Military Aid to Egypt written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Egypt written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an overview of the key issues related to Egypt and U.S. foreign aid to Egypt. Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving president Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor amid popular demands. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. The Obama Administration first suspended and then recast U.S. assistance for Egypt after 2013, with Congress enacting legislation placing evolving conditions on continued U.S. aid. During the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, then-candidate Trump attempted to differentiate his approach to Egypt from then-President Obama by personally praising Sisi and vowing to strengthen the bilateral relationship if elected. Some observers express concern that any improvement in U.S.-Egyptian ties may come at the expense of human rights in Egypt. Egypt's economy remains weak, the government faces significant fiscal challenges, and campaigns of insurgent and terrorist violence by various groups threaten the country's security. Reports in the Egyptian media indicate that the Sisi administration is seeking, among other things, a restoration of certain major U.S. defense equipment sales to Egypt, an overall increase in U.S. aid to Egypt, and a U.S. designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a foreign terrorist organization. The Trump Administration may want Egypt to improve its counterterrorism and counter-insurgency efforts in the Sinai Peninsula, participate in a new international military coalition of Arab states, and play a more active role in Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking. Between 1948 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $77.4 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation), including $1.3 billion a year in military aid from 1987 to the present. This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors. President Obama requested that Congress appropriate $1.3 billion in FY2017 military assistance and $150 million in FY2017 economic aid for Egypt. Foreign Operations appropriations legislation considered in the 114th Congress (H.R. 5912 and S. 3117) would have provided the requested military assistance, with the Senate version of the bill providing $75 million in economic aid and including the FY2016 appropriations act's withholding of 15% of FMF for Egypt from obligation until the Secretary of State can certify that Egypt is taking effective steps toward democracy and effective governance, among other things.
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976366291 Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (662 download)
Book Synopsis Security Assistance by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Security Assistance written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1979, Egypt has received about $60 billion in military and economic assistance with about $34 billion in the form of foreign military financing (FMF) grants that enable Egypt to purchase U.S.-manufactured military goods and services. In this report, GAO (1) describes the types and amounts of FMF assistance provided to Egypt; (2) assesses the financing arrangements used to provide FMF assistance to Egypt; and (3) evaluates how the U.S. assesses the program's contribution to U.S. foreign policy and security goals.
Book Synopsis U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel by : Jeremy M. Sharp
Download or read book U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel written by Jeremy M. Sharp and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) U.S.-Israeli Relations and the Role of Foreign Aid; (2) U.S. Bilateral Military Aid to Israel: A 10-Year Military Aid Agreement; Foreign Military Financing; Ongoing U.S.-Israeli Defense Procurement Negotiations; (3) Defense Budget Appropriations for U.S.-Israeli Missile Defense Programs: Multi-Layered Missile Defense; High Altitude Missile Defense System; (4) Aid Restrictions and Possible Violations: Israeli Arms Sales to China; Israeli Settlements; (5) Other Ongoing Assistance and Cooperative Programs: Migration and Refugee Assistance; Loan Guarantees for Economic Recovery; American Schools and Hospitals Abroad Program; U.S.-Israeli Scientific and Business Cooperation; (6) Historical Background. Illustrations.
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781977957566 Total Pages :74 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (575 download)
Book Synopsis Egypt by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Egypt written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the signing of the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty in 1979, Egypt has been a key strategic partner of the United States and the recipient of almost $64 billion in U.S. security and economic assistance, including an annual average of about $1.3 billion in security assistance and $245 million in economic assistance since fiscal year 2009. State outlines strategic objectives for Egypt, State and USAID are primarily responsible for funding and managing assistance provided to Egypt, and the Department of Defense implements most security assistance. Since the January 2011 revolution that ended the almost 30-year presidency of Hosni Mubarak, Egypt has experienced a series of tumultuous political transitions that have raised concerns about how U.S. assistance is supporting strategic objectives. This report examines, for fiscal years 2009 through 2014, the extent to which (1) U.S. strategic objectives and assistance evolved, (2) the U.S. government disbursed funds allocated for assistance to Egypt, and (3) the U.S. government evaluated the results of its assistance. To address these objectives, GAO analyzed U.S. government documents; interviewed U.S. officials in Washington, D.C.; and conducted fieldwork in Cairo, Egypt.
Download or read book Security Assistance written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Egypt written by Congressional Service and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-10 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, Egypt has been an important country for U.S. national security interests based on its geography, demography, and diplomatic posture. The United States has provided significant military and economic assistance to Egypt since the late 1970s. Successive U.S. Administrations have justified aid to Egypt as an investment in regional stability, built primarily on long-running cooperation with the Egyptian military and on sustaining the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty.U.S. leaders also have consistently expressed concerns about governance and human rights in Egypt, and differences over these issues have tested bilateral relations repeatedly in recent years. The United States encouraged Egypt's long-serving President Hosni Mubarak to step down in 2011 in the face of a popular uprising, and revised U.S. assistance programs two years later, when the Egyptian military intervened to oust Mubarak's elected successor, Muhammad Morsi, amid popular demands.Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el Sisi, who led the 2013 military intervention and was elected in mid-2014, reportedly has high hopes for improving bilateral relations through engagement with the Trump Administration. President Trump has sought to improve U.S. relations with Egypt, which were perceived as strained under President Obama. Nevertheless, Administration officials have raised concerns about Egypt's new NGO law and the continued detention of American citizens in Egypt.Between 1946 and 2016, the United States provided Egypt with $78.3 billion in bilateral foreign aid (calculated in historical dollars-not adjusted for inflation). This report discusses the conditions governing the release of these funds. All U.S. foreign aid to Egypt (or any recipient) is appropriated and authorized by Congress. All U.S. military aid to Egypt finances the procurement of weapons systems and services from U.S. defense contractors.For FY2018, the President is requesting a total of $1.38 billion in foreign assistance for Egypt, nearly all of which would come from the Foreign Military Financing (FMF) account. The $75 million FY2018 Economic Support and Development Fund (ESDF) request for Egypt is well below prior year appropriations, and Egypt has not received less than $100 million in U.S. economic assistance since the late 1970s.S. 1780, the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, allocates up to $1 billion in FY2018 FMF for Egypt, while stipulating that 25% of that amount (as opposed to 15% in previous annual appropriations legislation) shall be withheld until the Secretary of State certifies and reports to the Committees on Appropriations that the Government of Egypt is taking effective steps to advance democracy and human rights in Egypt. A waiver for this certification is included in the bill. H.R. 3362, the House version of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018, would provide $1.3 billion in FMF to Egypt. The bill does not include a withholding of FMF or certification requirement. It does require the Secretary of State to consult with appropriators "on any plan to restructure military assistance for Egypt."
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781984315922 Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (159 download)
Book Synopsis Gao-06-437 - Security Assistance by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Gao-06-437 - Security Assistance written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GAO-06-437 Security Assistance: State and DOD Need to Assess How the Foreign Military Financing Program for Egypt Achieves U.S. Foreign Policy and Security Goals
Book Synopsis Security Assistance by : U S Government Accountability Office (G
Download or read book Security Assistance written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.
