Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound
Download Transcranial Focused Ultrasound full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Transcranial Focused Ultrasound ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Download or read book The Tumor written by John Grisham and published by Focused Ultrasound Foundation. This book was released on 2015-03 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Grisham says THE TUMOR is the most important book he has ever written. In this short book, he provides readers with a fictional account of how a real, new medical technology could revolutionize the future of medicine by curing with sound. THE TUMOR follows the present day experience of the fictional patient Paul, an otherwise healthy 35-year-old father who is diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. Grisham takes readers through a detailed account of Paul’s treatment and his family’s experience that doesn’t end as we would hope. Grisham then explores an alternate future, where Paul is diagnosed with the same brain tumor at the same age, but in the year 2025, when a treatment called focused ultrasound is able to extend his life expectancy. Focused ultrasound has the potential to treat not just brain tumors, but many other disorders, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, hypertension, and prostate, breast and pancreatic cancer. For more information or to order a free hardcopy of the book, please visit The Focused Ultrasound Foundation’s website www.fusfoundation.org. Here you will find a video of Grisham on the TEDx stage with the Foundation’s chairman and a Parkinson’s patient who brings the audience to its feet sharing her incredible story of a focused ultrasound “miracle.” Readers will get a taste of the narrative they expect from Grisham, but this short book will also educate and inspire people to be hopeful about the future of medical innovation.
Book Synopsis Transcranial Focused Ultrasound by : Alec Hughes
Download or read book Transcranial Focused Ultrasound written by Alec Hughes and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial focused ultrasound is a rapidly-advancing therapeutic modality. In recent years, clinical trials have begun for a number of neurological conditions, including Essential Tremor, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Neuropathic Pain. These clinical trials follow decades of intensive laboratory research programs to understand the mechanisms behind ultrasound interaction with brain tissue and to develop clinical devices that are capable of delivering the therapeutic ultrasound to a wide range targets. Looking to the future, however, there remain many obstacles to the further implementation of focused ultrasound to a number of pathologies: limited steering range in the brain using a hemispherical array, secondary control over the spatial manifestation of the focus transcranially, and possible temperature-dependent acoustic effects. Recent clinical data of thermal lesions from treatments of Essential Tremor using MR-guided transcranial focused ultrasound have shown that in many cases the focus is oblique to the main axis of the phased array. Chapter 3 presents the pertinent clinical data and attempts to explain the phenomenon. Numerical simulations were performed on clinical data to analyze the causes of the oblique focus and determine appropriate correction methods. It was found that the focal obliquity could be replicated with the numerical simulations to within 23.2 +/- 13.6 degrees of the clinical cases. It was then found that a major cause of the focal obliquity was the presence of sidelobes, caused by an unequal deposition of power from the different transducer elements in the array at the focus. In addition, it was found that a 65% reduction in focal obliquity was possible using phase and amplitude corrections in comparison to the clinical phase corrections alone. Extending the results of Chapter 3, in Chapter 4 a technique was developed for the generalized rotation of a focus using a phased array of ultrasound transducers. In this chapter, the concept of focusing an ultrasound phased array is expanded to include a method to control the orientation of the focus using a Tikhonov regularization scheme. It is then shown that the Tikhonov regularization parameter used to solve the ill-posed focus rotation problem plays an important role in the balance between quality of focusing and array efficiency. In Chapter 5, clinical data were analyzed to indicate a reduction in the induced energy-temperature efficiency relationship during clinical treatments at higher acoustic powers; to establish its relationship with the spatial distribution of the focal temperature elevation; and to explore its cause. Computer simulations, animal experiments, and clinical system tests were performed to determine the effects of skull heating, changes in brain properties and transducer acoustic output, respectively. The reduction in the energy-efficiency relationship during treatment was found to correlate with the increase in size of the focal volume at higher sonication powers (p-value.
Book Synopsis Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain by : Henry Kennedy
Download or read book Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Connectomics of the Brain written by Henry Kennedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has brought together leading investigators who work in the new arena of brain connectomics. This includes ‘macro-connectome’ efforts to comprehensively chart long-distance pathways and functional networks; ‘micro-connectome’ efforts to identify every neuron, axon, dendrite, synapse, and glial process within restricted brain regions; and ‘meso-connectome’ efforts to systematically map both local and long-distance connections using anatomical tracers. This book highlights cutting-edge methods that can accelerate progress in elucidating static ‘hard-wired’ circuits of the brain as well as dynamic interactions that are vital for brain function. The power of connectomic approaches in characterizing abnormal circuits in the many brain disorders that afflict humankind is considered. Experts in computational neuroscience and network theory provide perspectives needed for synthesizing across different scales in space and time. Altogether, this book provides an integrated view of the challenges and opportunities in deciphering brain circuits in health and disease.
Book Synopsis MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery by : Ferenc A. Jolesz
Download or read book MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery written by Ferenc A. Jolesz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-26 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery will be the first publication on this new technology, and will present a variety of current and future clinical applications in tumor ablation treatment. This source helps surgeons and specialists evaluate, analyze, and utilize MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery - bridging the gap between phase 3 clinical tr
Book Synopsis Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography by : Donald L. Schomer
Download or read book Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography written by Donald L. Schomer and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading reference on electroencephalography since 1982, Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography is now in its thoroughly updated Sixth Edition. An international group of experts provides comprehensive coverage of the neurophysiologic and technical aspects of EEG, evoked potentials, and magnetoencephalography, as well as the clinical applications of these studies in neonates, infants, children, adults, and older adults. This edition's new lead editor, Donald Schomer, MD, has updated the technical information and added a major new chapter on artifacts. Other highlights include complete coverage of EEG in the intensive care unit and new chapters on integrating other recording devices with EEG; transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation; EEG/TMS in evaluation of cognitive and mood disorders; and sleep in premature infants, children and adolescents, and the elderly. A companion website includes fully searchable text and image bank.
Book Synopsis Through Thick and Thin by : Ningrui Li
Download or read book Through Thick and Thin written by Ningrui Li and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial focused ultrasound is a promising technique for non-invasively treating brain disorders. During treatments, acoustic energy is focused through the intact skull to a millimeter-sized target. This can result in a variety of effects on tissue, ranging from mechanical perturbations to necrosis, depending on the duration, pulsing scheme, and intensity of the sonications. However, the skull is a substantial obstacle to safe and effective treatments. It is highly attenuative, absorbing and scattering the majority of the transmitted ultrasound due to its strongly heterogeneous composition. The consequence of this could be an aberrated focal spot which might be shifted from the intended target. In this dissertation, we demonstrate the necessity for accurate estimates of acoustic intensity delivered into the brain for transcranial focused ultrasound treatments, such as ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening. We discuss and propose improvements to two promising approaches for estimating in situ acoustic intensity, one using magnetic resonance imaging and another using acoustic simulation. Magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging is a phase-contrast imaging technique where motion-encoding gradients are applied to encode tissue displacement induced by the acoustic radiation force in the phase of the image, enabling localization of the focal spot. As the acoustic radiation force is proportional to the applied acoustic intensity, measured displacements could potentially be used to estimate the acoustic intensity at the target. However, variable brain stiffness remains an obstacle. We demonstrate that viscoelasticity information from magnetic resonance elastography could be used in combination with displacement estimates to more accurately predict the delivered acoustic intensity. Finally, another approach for estimating acoustic transmission through the skull is by simulating acoustic propagation using the hybrid angular spectrum method. While this method is computationally efficient, its assumptions of normal incidence and weak heterogeneity in the medium may not be suitable for transcranial applications. We demonstrate the limitations of this method using a set of numerical benchmarks, and we propose adapting it toward transcranial applications by extending the implementation of acoustic attenuation into the spatial-frequency domain. The improvements presented here have the potential to enable clinicians and researchers to more accurately determine how much acoustic energy is being delivered to which regions of the brain, allowing them to focus on exploring the treatment parameter space rather than being uncertain about whether ultrasound is even reaching the intended target at power levels relevant for therapy. We hope that this work moves the field towards safer and more effective transcranial focused ultrasound therapies.
Book Synopsis Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation by : Ian Szwast Heimbuch
Download or read book Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation written by Ian Szwast Heimbuch and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tUS) is an emerging technique for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). tUS offers the option of higher spatial resolution and modulation of deeper neural structures, compared to other NIBS techniques. However, the neuromodulatory effects of tUS are still poorly understood, and the few experiments published thus far have shown variable outcomes between regions and studies. To better understand the strengths, weakness, and feasibility prospects of tUS for use in humans, I compared tUS to an established NIBS technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in a cortical region with previously unclear tUS results but established TMS results: primary motor cortex (M1). I found no change in ongoing muscle activity concurrent with tUS stimulation. I also found no significant change in M1 cortical excitability due to tUS exposure. To explore causes of variability in tUS, I performed acoustic simulations that replicated conditions of the M1 experiments. Specifically, I used participant-specific magnetic resonances images (MRI) to find where in the brain tUS pressure fields landed and how strong those pressure fields were. With this simulation data, I explored the spatial precision and volume of tUS, the accuracy of tUS device placement in my own data, and whether there was a correlation between tUS exposure and M1 excitability. I found that tUS produced a narrow ellipsoid intracranial pressure field with a full width at half maximum roughly 4 mm wide. While the simulations showed that tUS exposure levels varied, I found no clear correlation between tUS exposure and M1 excitability from these data. Lastly, acoustic simulations provide significant insight for any tUS experiment, since it provides investigators estimates of the location and intensity of the intracranial ultrasonic field. However, implementing such simulations is challenging and time-consuming, which may explain why many published tUS studies do not perform acoustic simulations. To make acoustic simulation more accessible for tUS investigators, I built an open-source MATLAB toolbox that integrates medical imaging and neuronavigation with acoustic simulation. An increased adoption of acoustic simulation in tUS experiments should accelerate collective progress within the field.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Ultrasound by : Jean-Michel Escoffre
Download or read book Therapeutic Ultrasound written by Jean-Michel Escoffre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights advances and prospects of a highly versatile and dynamic research field: Therapeutic ultrasound. Leading experts in the field describe a wide range of topics related to the development of therapeutic ultrasound (i.e., high intensity focused ultrasound, microbubble-assisted ultrasound drug delivery, low intensity pulsed ultrasound, ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers), ranging from the biophysical concepts (i.e., tissue ablation, drug and gene delivery, neuromodulation) to therapeutic applications (i.e., chemotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, sonothrombolysis, immunotherapy, lithotripsy, vaccination). This book is an indispensable source of information for students, researchers and clinicians dealing with non-invasive image-guided ultrasound-based therapeutic interventions in the fields of oncology, neurology, cardiology and nephrology.
Book Synopsis Mechanism of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Regulating the Neuronal Activity of the Retrosplenial Cortex by : Cheng Wu
Download or read book Mechanism of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Regulating the Neuronal Activity of the Retrosplenial Cortex written by Cheng Wu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Astrogenesis by : Tiffany Scarcelli
Download or read book Effects of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Astrogenesis written by Tiffany Scarcelli and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Increased Anatomical Specificity for Neuromodulation Using Modulated Focused Ultrasound by : Edin Mehić
Download or read book Increased Anatomical Specificity for Neuromodulation Using Modulated Focused Ultrasound written by Edin Mehić and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial ultrasound can alter brain function transiently and nondestructively, offering a new tool to study brain function now and to inform future therapies. Previous research on neuromodulation implemented pulsed low-frequency ultrasound with spatial peak temporal average intensities (ISPTA) of 0.1-10 W/cm2. That work used transducers that either insonified relatively large volumes of mouse brain (several mL) with relatively low-frequency ultrasound and produced bilateral motor responses, or relatively small volumes of brain (on the order of 0.06 mL) with relatively high-frequency ultrasound that produced unilateral motor responses. However, these previous studies have no modality for explaining how the ultrasound causes activation in the brain, and furthermore their ultrasound protocols do not allow for the precise activation that is required for the proper study of neuromodulation. This study seeks to increase anatomical specificity to neuromodulation with modulated focused ultrasound (mFU) as well as to provide an explanation for how the stimulation occurs biologically. We hypothesize that we can induce focal, central and associated peripheral activity in the motor cortex of primates using mFU in a manner comparable to electrical stimulation and capable of direct measurement by ECoG because we believe that neuromodulatory ultrasound stimulation of the brain excites neural circuits by depolarizing cells through the motor deformation of ion channels. Here, 'modulated' means modifying a focused 2-MHz carrier signal dynamically with a 500-kHz signal as in vibro-acoustography, thereby creating a low-frequency but small volume source of neuromodulation. We have shown that application of transcranial mFU to lightly anesthetized mice produces various motor movements with high spatial selectivity (on the order of 1 mm) that scales with the temporal average ultrasound intensity. Alone, mFU and focused ultrasound (FUS) each induce motor activity, including unilateral motions, though anatomical location and type of motion varied. We then moved to a primate model to determine the relative efficacy of mFU compared to electrical stimulation. Furthermore, our studies aimed to determine the biophysical processes through which they act. Currently, it is difficult to record neural activity after electric stimulation in the first few milliseconds after action potential onset due to various electrical problems. We have shown in vitro that with focused ultrasound, these problems can be bypassed. We explored the effects of this ultrasound applied to the brain by observing the resulting electrical activity induced through mechanical stimulation. We monitored neural excitation within our best approximation of the motor strip. Also of interest has been exploration of the potential research and clinical applications for targeted, transcranial neuromodulation created by modulated focused ultrasound, especially mFU's ability to produce compact sources of ultrasound at the very low frequencies (10-100s of Hertz) that correlate to the natural frequencies of the brain.
Book Synopsis 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) by :
Download or read book 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the symposium is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners from industry, academia, and government involved in the area of Medical Ultrasonics Sensors, NDE and Industrial Applications Physical Acoustics Microacoustics Transducers and Transducer Materials or similar techniques and protocols.
Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Action Associated with Transcranial Ultrasound for Modulation and Its Acoustic Characterization Through Skull by : Meghedi Babakhanian
Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Action Associated with Transcranial Ultrasound for Modulation and Its Acoustic Characterization Through Skull written by Meghedi Babakhanian and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent in vivo modulation of region-specific brain activity suggests that Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU) may be a non-invasive alternative therapy for drug-delivery applications and the treatment of neurological diseases, including epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Despite these recent successes, failure to reproduce published results continues to plague the field due to the limited understanding of cellular mechanisms that underlie neuromodulation and the impact of skull on targeting accuracy. The objective of this thesis is to help bridge these knowledge gaps and better understand non-invasive transcranial focused ultrasound modulation. While hypotheses exist explaining the mechanism underlying ultrasound modulation, they largely remain untested. It has been suggested that mechanical perturbation of cellular membranes with embedded protein channels using ultrasound has an impact on ion channel kinetics, resulting in depolarization, and ultimately, increased neural activity. In particular, this thesis investigates the hypothesis explaining the mechanical perturbation as a result of pure acoustic radiation forces using simplified in vitro models, including Large-Conductance Mechanosensitive Channels (MscL) and non-mechanically stimulated channels. The outcome revealed an increase in efflux through proteoliposomes regardless of the channel type except at the highest concentration of mechanosensitive channel (MS) model where a lowering efflux trend was noticed. These unexpected results suggest that focused ultrasound does not modulate the gating of ion channels, but instead effects the permeability of the membrane itself or protein-membrane interface. Also a dual effect of membrane stretch enhancement and pore formation is observed only at high MS channel concentration. In addition, to prepare for in vivo efficacy studies, the present dissertation characterizes the ultrasonic beam scatter and focal shifts that occur as ultrasound passes through a rat skull for a specific set of parameters. The results have shown significant beam shape deformation and target shift due to the skull. This suite of studies improved our understanding of the mechanism associated with LIFU-based stimulation at the molecular level, while also exploring how LIFU can be applied with greater accuracy and precision in vivo. In addition, insights gleaned from this approach are expected to promote new avenues of clinical applications for the treatment of drug delivery, gene therapy and neurological illnesses.
Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation by : Eric Wassermann
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation written by Eric Wassermann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial stimulation comprises an important set of techniques for investigating brain function, some of which promise to treat diseases. This book provides a review of the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation, for neuroscientists, neurologists, and psychiatrists.
Book Synopsis The Application of Transcranial High Intensity Focused Ultrasound to Clot Lysis by : Daniel Pajek
Download or read book The Application of Transcranial High Intensity Focused Ultrasound to Clot Lysis written by Daniel Pajek and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leveraging Simulations to Improve Focused Ultrasound Brain Treatments by : Steven Alexander Leung
Download or read book Leveraging Simulations to Improve Focused Ultrasound Brain Treatments written by Steven Alexander Leung and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial focused ultrasound (tcFUS) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality that can be used to induce thermal or biomechanical effects in the brain. The most common applications include thermal ablation as an alternative to open brain surgery, neuromodulation to probe the circuitry of the brain, and blood brain barrier opening to improve targeted drug delivery into the brain. For these tcFUS applications, the intact skull poses a major technical challenge. It defocuses the ultrasound focal spot and shifts the focal spot away from the target location. To overcome this, a common approach is to model the skull and estimate corrections that can account for its aberrating effects. Although skull modeling and correction estimation is currently utilized for thermal ablation treatments, there is ample room for improvement in terms of treatment safety and efficiency. In this dissertation, I present three contributions towards improving the safety and efficiency of tcFUS procedures: (1) a rapid beam simulation framework to predict focal spot position and temperature rise prior to the delivery of acoustic energy, (2) use of the same simulation framework to improve focusing through the intact skull, and (3) application of magnetic resonance images as an alternative to computed tomography images for generating skull models used for correction estimation.
Book Synopsis Current State and Future Directions of Cranial Focused Ultrasound Therapy by : Vibhor Krishna
Download or read book Current State and Future Directions of Cranial Focused Ultrasound Therapy written by Vibhor Krishna and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-02 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editors Vibhor Krishna and J. Levi Chazen have received grants for research purposes from Insightec Inc. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.
