Tokkatsu: The Japanese Educational Model Of Holistic Education

Download Tokkatsu: The Japanese Educational Model Of Holistic Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813232684
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tokkatsu: The Japanese Educational Model Of Holistic Education by : Ryoko Tsuneyoshi

Download or read book Tokkatsu: The Japanese Educational Model Of Holistic Education written by Ryoko Tsuneyoshi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though there has been much discussion on the academic aspects of Japanese education abroad (e.g., high scores on international tests, lesson study), there has been little information on the non-academic aspects of Japanese schooling. This non-academic aspect is called Tokkatsu (tokubetsu katsudo).Unlike math and reading, Tokkatsu is not confined to a certain period, but extends throughout the school day and even after-school activities — such as school excursions. It includes classroom activities such as classroom discussions, morning and afternoon meetings that take place daily, cleaning and serving lunch, school events such as sports day, school excursions, student councils, and club activities. Such activities occur every single day, throughout one's school years, from elementary school (actually, even kindergarten) to high school. They are, however, bound together by the common goals of the Tokkatsu framework.This book is the foremost attempt to address a gap in English literature on Tokkatsu.

Tokkatsu

Download Tokkatsu PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789813232679
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (326 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tokkatsu by : Ryoko Kato Tsuneyoshi

Download or read book Tokkatsu written by Ryoko Kato Tsuneyoshi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Though there has been much discussion on the academic aspects of Japanese education abroad (e.g., high scores on international tests, lesson study), there has been little information on the non-academic aspects of Japanese schooling. The non-academic aspect is called Tokkatsu (tokubetsu katsudo). Compared to math and reading, it does not occur during a certain hour of the day, and rather extends throughout the day, and to hours outside of the regular classrooms -- such as school excursions. It includes classroom activities such as classroom discussions, morning and afternoon meetings that take place daily, cleaning and serving lunch, school events such as sports day, school excursions, student councils, and club activities. Such activities occur every single day, throughout one's school years, from elementary school (actually, even kindergarten) to high school. They are, however, bound together by the common goals of the Tokkatsu framework. This book is the foremost attempt to address a gap in English literature on Tokkatsu"--

Euro-Asian Encounters on 21st-Century Competency-Based Curriculum Reforms

Download Euro-Asian Encounters on 21st-Century Competency-Based Curriculum Reforms PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811630097
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Euro-Asian Encounters on 21st-Century Competency-Based Curriculum Reforms by : Weili Zhao

Download or read book Euro-Asian Encounters on 21st-Century Competency-Based Curriculum Reforms written by Weili Zhao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a geographically unique cultural comparative lens to examine the issue of transnational curriculum knowledge (re)production. Prompted by the ongoing competency-based curriculum reforms on a global scale, this book examines where global frameworks like the OECD’s core competency definitions are rooted and how they are borrowed, resisted, and/or re-contextualized in various European states with a Christian, foremost Protestant educational–cultural heritage and Asian countries with a Confucian educational–cultural heritage. It highlights the roles that various factors, such as history, culture, religious attitudes, ideology, and state governance play in nation-states’ re-contextualization of global curriculum policies and practices beyond a simplistic and dualistic globalism/power and nationalism/resistance dynamic. In doing so, it provides a global context to better understand individual nation-state’s continuing curriculum reforms and school practices. At the same time, it situates individual nation-state’s latest curriculum reforms and practices within an international community for healthy dialogues and mutual sharing. By selecting two educational–cultural systems and wisdom—Christian-Protestant and Confucian—it also offers a springboard for international curriculum studies beyond the usual confinement of geopolitical nation-state constructs. It not only sheds new light on each nation-state’s curriculum policies and practices, but also creates new collaboration spaces within similar and across disparate cultural–educational regions. With its wide geopolitical and educational–cultural scope, this book appeals to a global market and can be used in a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses in comparative education, history of education, curriculum theory, school and society, and curriculum history.

Enacting Moral Education in Japan

Download Enacting Moral Education in Japan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003829074
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Enacting Moral Education in Japan by : Sam Bamkin

Download or read book Enacting Moral Education in Japan written by Sam Bamkin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-15 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the case of moral education reform, this book provides an authoritative picture of how policy is enacted between state policymaking and school practice in Japan, focusing on how national policy is enacted locally in the classroom. The study follows the 2015 moral education reform from its genesis in central government, through the Ministry of Education to its enactment by local government and schools. The book looks beyond written policies, curricula and textbooks to examine how teachers, school administrators and others make sense of, and translate, policy into practice in the Japanese classroom context. Chapters explore how moral education practice has changed in response to the intentions of national policy, and analyzes the implications for understanding processes of policy enactment in the Japanese education system. This book presents a new perspective on the complexity of education policy making, practice, and the gaps in between. It will be of interest to postgraduate students, researchers, and academics in the fields of education policy and politics, moral education, school administration, and international and comparative education more broadly, particularly in Asia.

Digitalization, New Media, and Education for Sustainable Development

Download Digitalization, New Media, and Education for Sustainable Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 179985034X
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Digitalization, New Media, and Education for Sustainable Development by : Keller, Lars

Download or read book Digitalization, New Media, and Education for Sustainable Development written by Keller, Lars and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-04-17 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To address the grand challenges of the 21st century, societies must undergo substantial transformations. Whether the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), set in place by the United Nations as targets to be reached by 2030, can be reached will depend in part on how successfully education strategies empower learners of all ages with the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to transform themselves, their communities, and their societies. Educational institutions have critical roles to play in facilitating and supporting these transitions. To fulfill this vision and be transformational, however, education and educational institutions themselves will have to be transformed. Digitalization, New Media, and Education for Sustainable Development explores how digitalization and new media are already shaping and will shape the transformation of international educational systems. It examines all aspects related to and interconnections between digitalization, new media, and education for sustainable development. Covering topics such as biased design, energy smart schools, and project-based learning, this premier reference source is an indispensable resource for educators and administrators of both K-12 and higher education, preservice teachers, teacher educators, government officials, policymakers, community leaders, researchers, and academicians.

Education and Social Justice in Japan

Download Education and Social Justice in Japan PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317803450
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Education and Social Justice in Japan by : Kaori H. Okano

Download or read book Education and Social Justice in Japan written by Kaori H. Okano and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date critical examination of schooling in Japan by an expert in this field. It focuses on developments in the last two decades, with a particular interest in social justice. Japan has experienced slow economic growth, changed employment practices, population decline, an aging society, and an increasingly multi-ethnic population resulting from migration. It has faced a call to respond to the rhetoric of globalization and to concerns in childhood poverty in the perceived affluence. In education we have seen developments responding to these challenges in national and local educational policies, as well as in school-level practices. What are the most significant developments in schooling of the last two decades? Why have these developments emerged, and how will they affect youth and society as a whole? How can we best interpret social justice implications of these developments in terms of both distributive justice and the politics of difference? To what extent have the shifts advanced the interests of disadvantaged groups? This book shows that, compared to three decades ago, the system of education increasingly acknowledges the need to address student diversity of all kinds, and delivers options that are more varied and flexible. But interest in social justice in education has tended to centre on the distribution of education (who gets how much of schooling), with fewer questions raised about the content of schooling that continues to advantage the already advantaged. Written in a highly accessible style, and aimed at scholars and students in the fields of comparative education, sociology of education and Japanese studies, this book illuminates changing policies and cumulative adjustments in the daily practice of schooling, as well as how various groups in society make sense of these changes.

Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19

Download Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030815005
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19 by : Fernando M. Reimers

Download or read book Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19 written by Fernando M. Reimers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access edited volume is a comparative effort to discern the short-term educational impact of the covid-19 pandemic on students, teachers and systems in Brazil, Chile, Finland, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. One of the first academic comparative studies of the educational impact of the pandemic, the book explains how the interruption of in person instruction and the variable efficacy of alternative forms of education caused learning loss and disengagement with learning, especially for disadvantaged students. Other direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic diminished the ability of families to support children and youth in their education. For students, as well as for teachers and school staff, these included the economic shocks experienced by families, in some cases leading to food insecurity and in many more causing stress and anxiety and impacting mental health. Opportunity to learn was also diminished by the shocks and trauma experienced by those with a close relative infected by the virus, and by the constrains on learning resulting from students having to learn at home, where the demands of schoolwork had to be negotiated with other family necessities, often sharing limited space. Furthermore, the prolonged stress caused by the uncertainty over the resolution of the pandemic and resulting from the knowledge that anyone could be infected and potentially lose their lives, created a traumatic context for many that undermined the necessary focus and dedication to schoolwork. These individual effects were reinforced by community effects, particularly for students and teachers living in communities where the multifaceted negative impacts resulting from the pandemic were pervasive. This is an open access book.

Exploring Social Emotional Learning in Diverse Academic Settings

Download Exploring Social Emotional Learning in Diverse Academic Settings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1668472287
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (684 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exploring Social Emotional Learning in Diverse Academic Settings by : Rahimi, Regina

Download or read book Exploring Social Emotional Learning in Diverse Academic Settings written by Rahimi, Regina and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-04-03 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened awareness of the need for social emotional learning throughout all educational contexts. Given this, schools, most often P-12 settings, have begun to embrace practices for addressing social emotional learning. While there is a growing body of research and literature on common practices of social emotional learning, there is no standard for its implementation. Exploring Social Emotional Learning in Diverse Academic Settings highlights unique and varied approaches to addressing social emotional learning and wellbeing in educational settings. It features a broad perspective on the topic, presenting approaches from a range of educational locations and contexts. Covering topics such as personal empowerment, academic challenges, and teacher stress, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for administrators and educators of both P-12 and higher education, school counselors, government officials, pre-service teachers, teacher educators, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

The International Science and Evidence Based Education (ISEE) Assessment

Download The International Science and Evidence Based Education (ISEE) Assessment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNESCO MGIEP
ISBN 13 : 9391756042
Total Pages : 1838 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (917 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The International Science and Evidence Based Education (ISEE) Assessment by : UNESCO MGIEP

Download or read book The International Science and Evidence Based Education (ISEE) Assessment written by UNESCO MGIEP and published by UNESCO MGIEP. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 1838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Science and Evidence Based Education (ISEE) Assessment is an initiative of the UNESCO Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP), and is its contribution to the Futures of Education process launched by UNESCO Paris in September 2019. In order to contribute to re-envisioning the future of education with a science and evidence based report, UNESCO MGIEP embarked on the first-ever large-scale assessment of knowledge of education.

Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions

Download Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303068198X
Total Pages : 818 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions by : Michael E. Auer

Download or read book Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions written by Michael E. Auer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains papers in the fields of collaborative learning, new learning models and applications, project-based learning, game-based education, educational virtual environments, computer-aided language learning (CALL) and teaching best practices. We are currently witnessing a significant transformation in the development of education and especially post-secondary education. To face these challenges, higher education has to find innovative ways to quickly respond to these new needs. There is also pressure by the new situation in regard to the Covid pandemic. These were the aims connected with the 23rd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2020), which was held online by University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia from 23 to 25 September 2020. Since its beginning in 1998, this conference is devoted to new approaches in learning with a focus on collaborative learning. Nowadays the ICL conferences are a forum of the exchange of relevant trends and research results as well as the presentation of practical experiences in Learning and Engineering Pedagogy. In this way, we try to bridge the gap between ‘pure’ scientific research and the everyday work of educators. Interested readership includes policymakers, academics, educators, researchers in pedagogy and learning theory, school teachers, learning industry, further and continuing education lecturers, etc.

Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society

Download Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000597601
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society by : Tara K. McGee

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society written by Tara K. McGee and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook provides a state-of-the-science review of research and practice in the human dimensions of hazards field. The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society reviews and assesses existing knowledge and explores future research priorities in this growing field. It showcases the work of international experts, including established researchers, future stars in the field, and practitioners. Organised into four parts, all chapters have an international focus, and many include case studies from around the world. Part I explains geophysical and hydro-meteorological/climatological hazards, their impacts, and mitigation. Part II explores vulnerability, resilience, and equity. Part III explores preparedness, responses during environmental hazard events, impacts, and the recovery process. Part IV explores policy and practice, including governments, support provided during and after environmental hazard events, and provision of information. This Handbook will serve as an important resource for students, academics, practitioners, and policymakers working in the fields of environmental hazards and disaster risk reduction.

Lesson Study as Pedagogic Transfer

Download Lesson Study as Pedagogic Transfer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811959285
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lesson Study as Pedagogic Transfer by : Kanako N. Kusanagi

Download or read book Lesson Study as Pedagogic Transfer written by Kanako N. Kusanagi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines education transfer, specifically focusing on pedagogic transfer, and analyzes what happens when lesson study is introduced into foreign contextual settings. Lesson study, a professional development approach that originated in Japan 150 years ago, has been widely considered one of the best practices for collaborative professional development. There is an underlying assumption behind education transfer that when “best practice” is transferred to another country, it will generate a similar effect and improve schooling quality. Since pedagogic practice is socially constructed, the best practice in one setting may not be meaningful in another contextual setting. This book makes a unique contribution to the field of comparative education by offering a sociological examination of why pedagogic transfer often fails to bring expected benefits. It is comprised of three parts. Part I, ”Pedagogic Transfer and Lesson study,” provides contextualized analysis of lesson study in Japan and abroad and presents how the meaning of practice is always reinterpreted against the local educational context. Part II presents a sociological analysis of Indonesian teachers’ practice based on ethnographic fieldwork. It conceptually analyses the nature of the teacher community and their practice and is presented as “teacher strategies.” The concept showed that teacher culture and practice are not fixed but constantly negotiated within the institutional setting. Part III, “Sociological Understanding of Pedagogic Transfer,” builds on the analyses in Part I and II and provides a theoretical understanding of the issue of pedagogic transfer. Professional responsibilities of teachers, collegiality, and teaching expertise in Japan and Indonesia are compared to understand how the meaning of lesson study was reconstructed in the Indonesian setting. In conclusion, recommendations for an alternative approach to professional development are offered.

Reviews of National Policies for Education Education Policy in Japan Building Bridges towards 2030

Download Reviews of National Policies for Education Education Policy in Japan Building Bridges towards 2030 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264302409
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reviews of National Policies for Education Education Policy in Japan Building Bridges towards 2030 by : OECD

Download or read book Reviews of National Policies for Education Education Policy in Japan Building Bridges towards 2030 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan’s education system is one of the top performers compared to other OECD countries. International assessments have not only demonstrated students' and adults' high level of achievement, but also the fact that socio-economic status has little bearing on academic results. In a nutshell, Japan ...

Happiness Education

Download Happiness Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000913422
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Happiness Education by : Gerald W. Fry

Download or read book Happiness Education written by Gerald W. Fry and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection challenges the common preoccupation with knowledge acquisition and academic achievement by comparing the aims and cultural beliefs which drive education in different countries throughout the world. Through case studies from countries in Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Europe, the authors present how education can be approached holistically to foster student happiness and well-being. The book illustrates wide-ranging interpretations of what it means to provide a "good education," and how student-centered, holistic approaches to learning can be effective in promoting creativity, tolerance, student well-being, and an appreciation of environmental and societal responsibilities. Based on rigorous mixed-method empirical research, it highlights how the integration of happiness in education can not only enhance academic excellence but can also have a positive impact on the students’ overall well-being. This cutting-edge book focuses on the holistic development and well-being of students and will be a relevant reading for educators, researchers, and students in such diverse fields as psychology, the sociology and philosophy of education, intercultural education, education policy and politics, leadership/management, mental health, and international and comparative education.

Takaful Investment Portfolios

Download Takaful Investment Portfolios PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118385497
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Takaful Investment Portfolios by : Abdulrahman Khalil Tolefat

Download or read book Takaful Investment Portfolios written by Abdulrahman Khalil Tolefat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking study of the investment portfolios of takaful companies, their general investment patterns, and their future investments The Islamic finance industry has witnessed remarkable growth over the last decade, and one of the most successful segments—poised for even greater expansion—is the Islamic insurance (takaful) industry. In Takaful Investment Portfolios, distinguished takaful scholar Abdulrahman Khalil Tolefat explores the investment portfolios of takaful companies in both the GCC countries and Malaysia, the tip of Islamic finance industry. Investigating the trends and patterns of investment of takaful companies, the book looks at shareholders as well as general and family funds to determine where these companies are investing today, and where they are likely to invest in the future. Presenting new and novel research on the investment patterns of takaful companies, Takaful Investment Portfolios covers the history of the industry and takaful models and how they work, and presents in-depth studies of both their real-world and desired portfolio investments. Presents unique new research into the investment portfolios of takaful companies in the GCC and Malaysia Examines the gap between desired and actual investment portfolios of takaful companies Explores expected areas for future investment Groundbreaking in its depth, Takaful Investment Portfolios is an unprecedented study of the investments of takaful companies.

International Handbook on Education Development in the Asia-Pacific

Download International Handbook on Education Development in the Asia-Pacific PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981196887X
Total Pages : 2588 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Handbook on Education Development in the Asia-Pacific by : Wing On Lee

Download or read book International Handbook on Education Development in the Asia-Pacific written by Wing On Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 2588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer International Handbook of Educational Development in Asia Pacific breaks new ground with a comprehensive, fine-grained and diverse perspective on research and education development throughout the Asia Pacific region. In 13 sections and 127 chapters, the Handbook delves into a wide spectrum of contemporary topics including educational equity and quality, language education, learning and human development, workplace learning, teacher education and professionalization, higher education organisations, citizenship and moral education, and high performing education systems. The Handbook is grounded in specific Asia Pacific contexts and scholarly traditions, using unique country-specific narratives, for example, Vietnam and Melanesia, and socio-cultural investigations through lenses such as language identity or colonisation, while offering parallel academic discourse and analyses framed by broader policy commentary from around the world.

Handbook of Education Policy Studies

Download Handbook of Education Policy Studies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981138343X
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Education Policy Studies by : Guorui Fan

Download or read book Handbook of Education Policy Studies written by Guorui Fan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access handbook brings together the latest research from a wide range of internationally influential scholars to analyze educational policy research from international, historical and interdisciplinary perspectives. By effectively breaking through the boundaries between countries and disciplines, it presents new theories, techniques and methods for contemporary education policy, and illustrates the educational policies and educational reform practices that various countries have introduced to meet the challenges of continuous change. This volume focuses on policies and changes in schools and classrooms. The studies on school changes present the differences in the policies and challenges of K-12 schools and universities in different countries and regions, and in connection with the contradictions and conflicts between tradition and modernization, as well as the changing roles of various stakeholders, especially that of teachers. In terms of curriculum and instruction, many countries have undertaken experiments and introduced changes based on two major themes: “what to teach” and “how to teach”. International education assessments represented by PISA not only promote the improvement and extensive application of educational assessment and testing techniques, but have also had far-reaching impacts on education policies and education reforms in many countries. Focusing on the changes in educational policies at the micro level, this volume comprehensively reveals the complex interactions between school organizations, teachers, curricula, teaching and learning, evaluation and other elements within the education system, as well as the latest related reforms worldwide.